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三子棋分析與實現——C語言

發布時間：2020-07-24 16:37:39 來源：網絡 閱讀：329 作者：Xin_37 欄目：編程語言

三子棋作為一款經典的小游戲，對于初學C語言的我們如果 可以熟練了解并可以實現其游戲功能，則對于以后更系統的學習C語言有很好幫助。下來我分享一下我在編程時的感悟和代碼

首先介紹一下三子棋規則：只要將自己的棋連成一條線（行，列，斜線），即為贏
如圖：
三子棋分析與實現——C語言

先根據圖和玩法大致有個思路：

1.我們可以將棋盤看做是一個三行三列的二維數組，且每行每列用線隔開以便區分
2.分為電腦下棋和玩家下棋（電腦先下和玩家先下）
3.判斷輸贏（玩家贏，電腦贏和平局）

大致思路即為上面分析，下面開始寫代碼：

創建tset.c，game.c和head.h三個文件

1.在test.c中編寫主函數并寫出游戲菜單

在這里我分為電腦先下和玩家先下，代碼如下；

void menu()
{
    printf("***************************************\n");
    printf("*      1.play             0.exit      *\n");
    printf("***************************************\n");
}
void first_move()
{
    printf("***************************************\n");
    printf("*  1.computer first   2.player first  *\n");
    printf("***************************************\n");
}
void game()
{
   return 0；
}
int main()
{
    int choice;
    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));//產生隨機數
    do
    {
        menu();  
        printf("請選擇:");
        scanf("%d", &choice);
        switch (choice)
        {
        case 1:
            game();
            break;
        case 0:
            break;
        default:
            printf("輸入錯誤請重新輸入.\n");
            break;
        }
    } while (choice);
    return 0;
}

2.下來逐步在game.c中實現所需功能并且在game函數中調用

先打印出棋盤，并將棋盤初始化為空格。代碼如下；

void show_board(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//打印棋盤
{
    int i;
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        printf("  %c | %c | %c  \n", board[i][0], board[i][1], board[i][2]);
        if (i != rows - 1)
            printf(" ---|---|--- \n");
    }
}

void init_board(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//將數組初始化為空格
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++)
        {
            board[i][j] = ' ';
        }
    }
}

效果如圖
三子棋分析與實現——C語言

3.編寫玩家落子的代碼

玩家數輸入二維數組的坐標，這時需要判斷玩家輸入坐標是否合理以及在此坐標上是否有棋子，代碼如下；

void player_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//玩家落子
{
    int x, y;
    printf("玩家落子:\n");
    while (1)
    {
        scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
        if (x >= 1 && x <= rows && y >= 1 && y <= cols)
        {
            if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
            {
                board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
                break;
            }
            else printf("位置已被占用！請再試一次。\n");
        }
        else printf("輸入錯誤!請重新輸入.\n");
    }
}

4.玩成電腦落子

這里實現的是電腦在為空格的數組中隨機落子。代碼如下；

void computer_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)// 電腦落子
{

    int x, y;
    printf("電腦落子:\n");
    while (1)
    {
        x = rand() % rows;
        y = rand() % cols;
        if (board[x][y] == ' ')
        {
            board[x][y] = '#';
            break;
        }
    }
}

5.最后就只剩判斷輸贏

先討論玩家或者電腦贏的情況；代碼如下；

char check_win(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//判斷輸贏
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] != ' ')
            return board[i][1];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < cols; i++)
    {
        if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] != ' ')
            return board[1][i];
    }
    if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
        return board[1][1];
    else if (board[2][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[0][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
        return board[1][1];
    else if (is_full(board, rows, cols))
        return 'q';
    return 0;
}

這是考慮是平局的情況，平局則為棋盤下滿都沒有輸贏，可以遍歷整個數組（棋盤）若沒有空格就為平局。代碼如下；

static int is_full(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//檢測是否為平局
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++)
        {
            if (board[i][j] == ' ')
                return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

初步測試結果如下

三子棋分析與實現——C語言

在圖中我們可以看出電腦可以有贏的機會卻在隨機下子，這樣的游戲是沒有挑戰的。因此應該修改下電腦下子的代碼，使其智能化。我們可在電腦落子時判斷如果有在同行，同列或者斜線上有相同棋子的，電腦則優先落子在其未成一條線的空格處，這樣實現簡單智能化

代碼如下；

void computer_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//智能化電腦落子
{
    int x, y, i;
    printf("電腦落子:\n");
    while (1)
    {
        x = rand() % rows;
        y = rand() % cols;
        for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
        {
            if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[0][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] == '#' && board[0][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[2][i] && board[2][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == '#' && board[2][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '#' && board[0][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '#' && board[0][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[2][0] == board[0][2] && board[2][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
        {
            if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[0][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] == '*' && board[0][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[2][i] && board[2][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == '*' && board[2][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '*' && board[0][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '*' && board[0][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[2][0] == board[0][2] && board[2][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
        }
        if (board[x][y] == ' ')
        {
            board[x][y] = '#';
            goto flag1;
        }
    }
flag1:;
}

效果如圖；
三子棋分析與實現——C語言

檢測所有結果

電腦贏
三子棋分析與實現——C語言
玩家贏
三子棋分析與實現——C語言
平局
三子棋分析與實現——C語言

全部代碼

tese.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"head.h"
void menu()
{
    printf("***************************************\n");
    printf("*      1.play             0.exit      *\n");
    printf("***************************************\n");
}
void first_move()
{
    printf("***************************************\n");
    printf("*  1.computer first   2.player first  *\n");
    printf("***************************************\n");
}
void game()
{
    int choice, win;
    char board[ROWS][COLS];
    init_board(board, ROWS, COLS);
    first_move();
flag:
    printf("請選擇");
    scanf("%d", &choice);
    switch (choice)
    {
    case 1: //電腦先落子
        do
        {
            computer_move(board, ROWS, COLS);   //電腦落子
            show_board(board, ROWS, COLS);      //打印棋盤
            win = check_win(board, ROWS, COLS); 
            if (win != 0)  //沒贏
                break;
            player_move(board, ROWS, COLS);     //玩家落子
            show_board(board, ROWS, COLS);      // 打印棋盤
            win = check_win(board, ROWS, COLS);
        } while (win == 0);
        if (win == '#')
            printf("很遺憾，你輸了!\n");
        if (win == '*')
            printf("恭喜，你贏了!\n");
        if (win == 'q')
            printf("平局\n");
        break;
    case 2: //玩家先落子
        show_board(board, ROWS, COLS);
        do
        {
            player_move(board, ROWS, COLS);
            show_board(board, ROWS, COLS);
            win = check_win(board, ROWS, COLS);
            if (win != 0)
                break;
            computer_move(board, ROWS, COLS);
            show_board(board, ROWS, COLS);
            win = check_win(board, ROWS, COLS);
        } while (win == 0);
        if (win == '#')
            printf("很遺憾，你輸了!\n");
        if (win == '*')
            printf("恭喜，你贏了!\n");
        if (win == 'q')
            printf("平局\n");
        break;
    default:
        printf("輸入錯誤，請重新輸入\n");
        goto flag;
    }
}
int main()
{
    int choice;
    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));//產生隨機數
    do
    {
        menu();  
        printf("請選擇:");
        scanf("%d", &choice);
        switch (choice)
        {
        case 1:
            game();
            break;
        case 0:
            break;
        default:
            printf("輸入錯誤請重新輸入.\n");
            break;
        }
    } while (choice);
    return 0;
}

game.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"head.h"

void show_board(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//打印棋盤
{
    int i;
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        printf("  %c | %c | %c  \n", board[i][0], board[i][1], board[i][2]);
        if (i != rows - 1)
            printf(" ---|---|--- \n");
    }
}

void init_board(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//將數組初始化為空格
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++)
        {
            board[i][j] = ' ';
        }
    }
}

//void computer_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)// 電腦落子
//{
//
//  int x, y;
//  printf("電腦落子:\n");
//  while (1)
//  {
//      x = rand() % rows;
//      y = rand() % cols;
//      if (board[x][y] == ' ')
//      {
//          board[x][y] = '#';
//          break;
//      }
//  }
//}
void computer_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//智能化電腦落子
{
    int x, y, i;
    printf("電腦落子:\n");
    while (1)
    {
        x = rand() % rows;
        y = rand() % cols;
        for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
        {
            if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == '#' && board[i][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '#' && board[i][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][2] == '#' && board[i][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[0][i] == '#' && board[2][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] == '#' && board[0][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[2][i] && board[2][i] == '#' && board[1][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == '#' && board[2][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '#' && board[0][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == '#' && board[2][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '#' && board[0][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[2][0] == board[0][2] && board[2][0] == '#' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
        }
        for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
        {
            if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == '*' && board[i][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '*' && board[i][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][2] == '*' && board[i][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[i][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[0][i] == '*' && board[2][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] == '*' && board[0][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][i] == board[2][i] && board[2][i] == '*' && board[1][i] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][i] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == '*' && board[2][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '*' && board[0][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[0][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == '*' && board[2][0] == ' ')
            {
                board[2][0] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '*' && board[0][2] == ' ')
            {
                board[0][2] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
            else if (board[2][0] == board[0][2] && board[2][0] == '*' && board[1][1] == ' ')
            {
                board[1][1] = '#';
                goto flag1;
            }
        }
        if (board[x][y] == ' ')
        {
            board[x][y] = '#';
            goto flag1;
        }
    }
flag1:;
}

void player_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//玩家落子
{
    int x, y;
    printf("玩家落子:\n");
    while (1)
    {
        scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
        if (x >= 1 && x <= rows && y >= 1 && y <= cols)
        {
            if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
            {
                board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
                break;
            }
            else printf("位置已被占用！請再試一次。\n");
        }
        else printf("輸入錯誤!請重新輸入.\n");
    }
}

static int is_full(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//檢測是否為平局
{
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++)
        {
            if (board[i][j] == ' ')
                return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

char check_win(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols)//判斷輸贏
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++)
    {
        if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] != ' ')
            return board[i][1];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < cols; i++)
    {
        if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] != ' ')
            return board[1][i];
    }
    if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
        return board[1][1];
    else if (board[2][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[0][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
        return board[1][1];
    else if (is_full(board, rows, cols))
        return 'q';
    return 0;
}

head.h

#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<Windows.h>

#define ROWS 3
#define COLS 3

void show_board(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols);//打印棋盤
void init_board(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols);//初始化棋盤為空格
void computer_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols);//電腦落子
void player_move(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols);//玩家落子
char check_win(char board[ROWS][COLS], int rows, int cols);//判斷輸贏
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