您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!
這篇文章主要介紹“怎么使用Python中的正則表達式處理html文件”的相關知識,小編通過實際案例向大家展示操作過程,操作方法簡單快捷,實用性強,希望這篇“怎么使用Python中的正則表達式處理html文件”文章能幫助大家解決問題。
使用Python中的正則表達式處理html文件
finditer方法是一種全匹配方法。您可能已經使用了findall方法,它返回多個匹配字符串的列表。finditer返回一個迭代器順序地為多個匹配中的每一個生成匹配對象。在下面的代碼中,這些匹配對象被訪問(通過for循環),因此可以打印組1。
您的任務是編寫Python RE來識別HTML文本文件中的某些模式。將代碼添加到STARTER腳本為這些模式編譯RE(將它們分配給有意義的變量名稱),并將這些RE應用于文件的每一行,打印出找到的匹配項。
1.編寫識別HTML標簽的模式,然后將其打印為“TAG:TAG string”(例如“TAG:b”代表標簽)。為了簡單起見,假設左括號和右括號每個標記的(<,>)將始終出現在同一行文本中。第一次嘗試可能使regex“<.*>”其中“.”是與任何字符匹配的預定義字符類符號。嘗試找出這一點,找出為什么這不是一個好的解決方案。編寫一個更好的解決方案,解決這個問題
2.修改代碼,使其區分開頭和結尾標記(例如p與/p)打印OPENTAG和CLOSETAG
import sys, re #------------------------------ testRE = re.compile('(logic|sicstus)', re.I) testI = re.compile('<[A-Za-z]>', re.I) testO = re.compile('<[^/](\S*?)[^>]*>') testC = re.compile('</(\S*?)[^>]*>') with open('RGX_DATA.html') as infs: linenum = 0 for line in infs: linenum += 1 if line.strip() == '': continue print(' ', '-' * 100, '[%d]' % linenum, '\n TEXT:', line, end='') m = testRE.search(line) if m: print('** TEST-RE:', m.group(1)) mm = testRE.finditer(line) for m in mm: print('** TEST-RE:', m.group(1)) index= testI.finditer(line) for i in index: print('Tag:',i.group().replace('<', '').replace('>', '')) open1= testO.finditer(line) for m in open1: print('opening:',m.group().replace('<', '').replace('>', '')) close1= testC.finditer(line) for n in close1: print('closing:',n.group().replace('<', '').replace('>', ''))
請注意,有些HTML標簽有參數,例如:
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=8>
確保打開標記的模式適用于帶參數和不帶參數的標記,即成功找到并打印標簽標簽。現在擴展您的代碼,以便打印兩個打開的標簽標簽和參數,例如:
OPENTAG: table
PARAM: border=1
PARAM: cellspacing=0
PARAM: cellpadding=8
open1= testO.finditer(line) for m in open1: #print('opening:',m.group().replace('<', '').replace('>', '')) firstm= m.group().replace('<', '').replace('>', '').split() num = 0 for otherm in firstm: if num == 0: print('opening:',otherm) else: print('pram:',otherm) num+= 1
在正則表達式中,可以使用反向引用來指示匹配早期部分的子字符串,應再次出現正則表達式的。格式為\N(其中N為正整數),并返回到第N個匹配的文本正則表達式組。例如,正則表達式,如:r" (\w+) \1 僅當與組(\w+)完全匹配的字符串再次出現時才匹配 backref\1出現的位置。這可能與字符串“踢”匹配.例如,“the”出現兩次。使用反向引用編寫一個模式,當一行包含成對的open和關閉標簽,例如在粗體中.
考慮到我們可能想要創建一個執行HTML剝離的腳本,即一個HTML文件,并返回一個純文本文件,所有HTML標記都已從中刪除出來這里我們不打算這樣做,而是考慮一個更簡單的例子,即刪除我們在輸入數據文件的任何行中找到的HTML標記。
你應該能夠讓您已經定義的RE識別HTML標簽這樣做,將生成的文本打印到屏幕上為STRIPPED:。。
import sys, re #------------------------------ # PART 1: # Key thing is to avoid matching strings that include # multiple tags, e.g. treating '<p><b>' as a single # tag. Can do this in several ways. Firstly, use # non-greedy matching, so get shortest possible match # including the two angle brackets: tag = re.compile('</?(.*?)>') # The above treats the '/' of a close tag as a separate # optional component - so that this doesn't turn up as # part of the match '.group(1)', which is meant to return # the tag label. # Following alternative solution uses a negated character # class to explicitly prevent this including '>': tag = re.compile('</?([^>]+)>') # Finally, following version separates finding the tag # label string from any (optional) parameters that might # also appear before the close angle bracket: tag = re.compile(r'</?(\w+\b)([^>]+)?>') # Note that use of '\b' (as word boundary anchor) here means # we must mark the regex string as a 'raw' string (r'..'). #------------------------------ # PART 2: # Following closeTag definition requires first first char # after the open angle bracket to be '/', while openTag # definition excludes this by requiring first char to be # a 'word char' (\w): openTag = re.compile(r'<(\w[^>]*)>') closeTag = re.compile(r'</([^>]*)>') # Following revised definitions are more carefully stated # for correct extraction of tag label (separately from # any parameters: openTag = re.compile(r'<(\w+\b)([^>]+)?>') closeTag = re.compile(r'</(\w+\b)\s*>') #------------------------------ # PART 3: # Above openTag definition will already get the string # encompassing any parameters, and return it as # m.group(2), i.e. defn: openTag = re.compile(r'<(\w+\b)([^>]+)?>') # If assume that parameters are continuous non-whitespace # chars separated by whitespace chars, then we can divide # them up using split - and that's how we handle them # here. (In reality, parameter strings can be a lot more # messy than this, but we won't try to deal with that.) #------------------------------ # PART 4: openCloseTagPair = re.compile(r'<(\w+\b)([^>]+)?>(.*?)</\1\s*>') # Note use of non-greedy matching for the text falling # *between* the open/close tag pair - to avoid false # results where have two similar tag pairs on same line. #------------------------------ # PART 5: URLS # This is quite tricky. The URL expressions in the file # are of two kinds, of which the first is a string # between double quotes ("..") which may include # whitespace. For this case we might have a regex: url = re.compile('href=("[^">]+")', re.I) # The second case does not have quotes, and does not # allow whitespace, consisting of a continuous sequence # of non-whitespace material (that ends when you reach a # space or close bracket '>'). This might be: url = re.compile('href=([^">\s]+)', re.I) # We can combine these two cases as follows, and still # get the expression back as group(1): url = re.compile(r'href=("[^">]+"|[^">\s]+)', re.I) # Note that I've done nothing here to exclude 'mailto:' # links as being accepted as URLS. #------------------------------ with open('RGX_DATA.html') as infs: linenum = 0 for line in infs: linenum += 1 if line.strip() == '': continue print(' ', '-' * 100, '[%d]' % linenum, '\n TEXT:', line, end='') # PART 1: find HTML tags # (The following uses 'finditer' to find ALL matches # within the line) mm = tag.finditer(line) for m in mm: print('** TAG:', m.group(1), ' + [%s]' % m.group(2)) # PART 2,3: find open/close tags (+ params of open tags) mm = openTag.finditer(line) for m in mm: print('** OPENTAG:', m.group(1)) if m.group(2): for param in m.group(2).split(): print(' PARAM:', param) mm = closeTag.finditer(line) for m in mm: print('** CLOSETAG:', m.group(1)) # PART 4: find open/close tag pairs appearing on same line mm = openCloseTagPair.finditer(line) for m in mm: print("** PAIR [%s]: \"%s\"" % (m.group(1), m.group(3))) # PART 5: find URLs: mm = url.finditer(line) for m in mm: print('** URL:', m.group(1)) # PART 6: Strip out HTML tags (note that .sub will do all # possible substitutions, unless number is limited by count # keyword arg - which is fortunately what we want here) stripped = tag.sub('', line) print('** STRIPPED:', stripped, end = '')
關于“怎么使用Python中的正則表達式處理html文件”的內容就介紹到這里了,感謝大家的閱讀。如果想了解更多行業相關的知識,可以關注億速云行業資訊頻道,小編每天都會為大家更新不同的知識點。
免責聲明:本站發布的內容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創、轉載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據,一經查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。