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本篇內容介紹了“如何使用Java實現圖書管理系統”的有關知識，在實際案例的操作過程中，不少人都會遇到這樣的困境，接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧！希望大家仔細閱讀，能夠學有所成！
1.輸入姓名
2.選擇身份
3.根據身份打印不同功能菜單
book（包）
operation（功能包）
user（使用者包）
package book;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 14:45
* Description:書
*/public class Book {
private String name;//書名
private String author;//作者
private double price;//價格
private String type;//類型
private boolean state;//書的狀態（已借出or未借出）
//對書進行初始化，書的狀態不用進行初始化（默認未借出）
public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
this.state = state;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(boolean state) {
this.state = state;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", " + (state == true ? "已借出" : "未借出") +
']';
}}package book;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 14:52
* Description:書架
*/public class BookList {
private Book[] books = new Book[10];
private int usedSize;
public BookList() {
books[0] = new Book("三國演義","羅貫中",19.9,"小說");
books[1] = new Book("西游記","吳承恩",29.9,"小說");
books[2] = new Book("紅樓夢","曹雪芹",26.9,"小說");
usedSize = 3;
}
public Book getBooks(int pos) {//輸入下標獲取該下標的這本書
return books[pos];
}
public void setBooks(int pos, Book book) {//輸入下標和一本書，在該下標放入一本書
this.books[pos] = book;
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}}package operation;import book.BookList;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:07
* Description:接口
*/public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);}package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:09
* Description:查找書籍信息
*/public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("查找圖書");
System.out.println("------------------------");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("請輸入書的名稱:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
//獲取書架中圖書數量
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
//根據名字查找
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到該書。");
}}package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:04
* Description:新增書籍
*/public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("添加圖書");
System.out.println("------------------------");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("請輸入書名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("請輸入作者:");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("請輸入書的類型:");
String type = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("請輸入價格:");
double price = scanner.nextDouble();
Book book = new Book(name, author, price, type);
bookList.setBooks(bookList.getUsedSize(), book);//將書放入書架
bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()+1);//書籍數量+1
}}package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:05
* Description:刪除書籍
*/public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("刪除圖書");
System.out.println("------------------------");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("請輸入要刪除的書名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
//獲取書架中現在有幾本書
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
int i = 0;
//根據書名找到這個本書的下標
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
break;
}
}
if (i == size) {
System.out.println("刪除失敗，未找到該書。");
return;
}
//通過前移將書刪除
for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
bookList.setBooks(i,bookList.getBooks(i + 1));
}
bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()-1);//書架中圖書數量-1
System.out.println("刪除成功。");
}}package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:05
* Description:借閱書籍
*/public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("借閱圖書");
System.out.println("------------------------");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("請輸入要借書的名稱:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
//獲取書架中現在有幾本書
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
//判斷在書架中是否有這本書
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
//判斷書是否被借走
if (!book.isState()) {
System.out.println("借閱成功！");
book.setState(true);//將書的狀態改為已借出
return;
} else {
System.out.println("借閱失敗，該書已被別人借走。");
return;
}
}
}
System.out.println("借閱失敗，未找到該書。");
}}package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:10
* Description:歸還書籍
*/public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("歸還圖書");
System.out.println("------------------------");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("請輸入要還書的名稱:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
//獲取書架中現在有幾本書
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
//判斷在書架中是否有這本書
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
//判斷書是否已被借走
if (book.isState()) {
System.out.println("歸還成功！");
book.setState(false);//將書的狀態改為未借出
return;
} else {
System.out.println("歸還失敗，該書已還未被借走。");
return;
}
}
}
System.out.println("歸還失敗，未找到該書。");
}}package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:06
* Description:打印全部書籍信息
*/public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("顯示全部圖書");
System.out.println("------------------------");
int size = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}}import book.BookList;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:08
* Description:退出系統
*/public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("退出系統。");
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.exit(0);
}}package user;import book.BookList;import operation.IOperation;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:11
* Description:使用者
*/abstract public class User {
protected String userName;//使用者姓名
protected IOperation[] iOperations;//功能數組
public User(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public abstract int menu();
//輸入選擇，調用不同的功能
public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);//動態綁定
}}package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:13
* Description:管理員
*/public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String userName) {
super(userName);
//管理員功能
this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisplayOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("hello " + this.userName + " 歡迎來到圖書館");
while(true) {
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.println("1.查找圖書");
System.out.println("2.新增圖書");
System.out.println("3.刪除圖書");
System.out.println("4.顯示全部圖書");
System.out.println("0.退出系統");
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.print("請輸入你的操作:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
//保證輸入數字有效
if (choice > 4 || choice < 0) {
System.out.println("輸入有誤請重新輸入。");
} else {
return choice;
}
}
}}package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:13
* Description:學生
*/public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser (String userName) {
super(userName);
//用戶功能
this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation(),
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("hello "+this.userName+" 歡迎來到圖書館");
while(true) {
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.println("1.查找圖書");
System.out.println("2.借閱圖書");
System.out.println("3.歸還圖書");
System.out.println("0.退出系統");
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.print("請輸入你的操作:");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
//保證輸入數字有效
if (choice > 3 || choice < 0) {
System.out.println("輸入有誤請重新輸入。");
} else {
return choice;
}
}
}}import book.BookList;import user.AdminUser;import user.NormalUser;import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;/**
* User: gu'jiu
* Date: 2022-05-18
* Time: 15:20
* Description:圖書管理系統
*/public class Test {
public static User login() {
System.out.println("歡迎使用圖書管理系統");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("請輸入您的姓名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
while(true){
System.out.println("-----------------------------");
System.out.println("請選擇您的身份:1>管理員 2>普通用戶");
System.out.print("請輸入：");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
//保證輸入數字有效
if (choice == 1) {
return new AdminUser(name);
} else if (choice == 2) {
return new NormalUser(name);
} else {
System.out.println("輸入有誤，請重新輸入。");
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
User user = login();//向上轉型
while(true){
int choice = user.menu();
user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
}
}}主函數中的user.doOperation(choice, bookList);中的doOperation方法比較難理解，我們來解釋一下
1.user.引用的可能是兩個對象
2.在實例化這對象的時候，在構造方法中，我們已經將iOperations[]準備好了。
3.根據輸入下標（例如：2）訪問相應對象，再調用work方法。
“如何使用Java實現圖書管理系統”的內容就介紹到這里了，感謝大家的閱讀。如果想了解更多行業相關的知識可以關注億速云網站，小編將為大家輸出更多高質量的實用文章！
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