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這篇文章主要介紹了Python如何通過Scrapy框架實現爬取百度新冠疫情數據，具有一定借鑒價值，感興趣的朋友可以參考下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲，下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
主要簡單推薦一下
這里先推薦一個Google Chrome的擴展插件xpath helper，可以驗證xpath語法是不是正確。
需要爬取的頁面：實時更新：新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情地圖
主要爬取的目標選取了全國的數據以及各個身份的數據。
使用scrapy命令創建項目
scrapy startproject yqsj
這里就不重新講一遍了，可以參考我這篇文章的部署方法：Python 詳解通過Scrapy框架實現爬取CSDN全站熱榜標題熱詞流程
開始擼代碼，看一下百度疫情省份數據的問題。
頁面需要點擊展開全部span。所以在提取頁面源碼的時候需要模擬瀏覽器打開后，點擊該按鈕。所以按照這個方向，我們一步步來。
定義兩個類YqsjProvinceItem和YqsjChinaItem，分別定義國內省份數據和國內數據。
# Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class YqsjProvinceItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() location = scrapy.Field() new = scrapy.Field() exist = scrapy.Field() total = scrapy.Field() cure = scrapy.Field() dead = scrapy.Field() class YqsjChinaItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() # 現有確診 exist_diagnosis = scrapy.Field() # 無癥狀 asymptomatic = scrapy.Field() # 現有疑似 exist_suspecte = scrapy.Field() # 現有重癥 exist_severe = scrapy.Field() # 累計確診 cumulative_diagnosis = scrapy.Field() # 境外輸入 overseas_input = scrapy.Field() # 累計治愈 cumulative_cure = scrapy.Field() # 累計死亡 cumulative_dead = scrapy.Field()
需要打開頁面后點擊一下展開全部。
完整代碼
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from scrapy import signals
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
class YqsjSpiderMiddleware:
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
# Called for each response that goes through the spider
# middleware and into the spider.
# Should return None or raise an exception.
return None
def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
# it has processed the response.
# Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.
for i in result:
yield i
def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
# Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.
pass
def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
# that it doesn't have a response associated.
# Must return only requests (not items).
for r in start_requests:
yield r
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
class YqsjDownloaderMiddleware:
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_request(self, request, spider):
# Called for each request that goes through the downloader
# middleware.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this request
# - or return a Response object
# - or return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
# installed downloader middleware will be called
# return None
try:
spider.browser.get(request.url)
spider.browser.maximize_window()
time.sleep(2)
spider.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='nationTable']/div/span").click()
# ActionChains(spider.browser).click(searchButtonElement)
time.sleep(5)
return HtmlResponse(url=spider.browser.current_url, body=spider.browser.page_source,
encoding="utf-8", request=request)
except TimeoutException as e:
print('超時異常:{}'.format(e))
spider.browser.execute_script('window.stop()')
finally:
spider.browser.close()
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
# Called with the response returned from the downloader.
# Must either;
# - return a Response object
# - return a Request object
# - or raise IgnoreRequest
return response
def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
# Called when a download handler or a process_request()
# (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
# Must either:
# - return None: continue processing this exception
# - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
# - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
pass
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)分別獲取國內疫情數據以及省份疫情數據。完整代碼：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2021/11/7 22:05
# @Author : 至尊寶
# @Site :
# @File : baidu_yq.py
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItem
class YqsjSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'yqsj'
# allowed_domains = ['blog.csdn.net']
start_urls = ['https://voice.baidu.com/act/newpneumonia/newpneumonia#tab0']
china_xpath = "//div[contains(@class, 'VirusSummarySix_1-1-317_2ZJJBJ')]/text()"
province_xpath = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/text()"
province_xpath_1 = "//*[@id='nationTable']/table/tbody/tr[{}]/td/div/span/text()"
def __init__(self):
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') # 使用無頭谷歌瀏覽器模式
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,
executable_path="E:\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe")
self.browser.set_page_load_timeout(30)
def parse(self, response, **kwargs):
country_info = response.xpath(self.china_xpath)
yq_china = YqsjChinaItem()
yq_china['exist_diagnosis'] = country_info[0].get()
yq_china['asymptomatic'] = country_info[1].get()
yq_china['exist_suspecte'] = country_info[2].get()
yq_china['exist_severe'] = country_info[3].get()
yq_china['cumulative_diagnosis'] = country_info[4].get()
yq_china['overseas_input'] = country_info[5].get()
yq_china['cumulative_cure'] = country_info[6].get()
yq_china['cumulative_dead'] = country_info[7].get()
yield yq_china
# 遍歷35個地區
for x in range(1, 35):
path = self.province_xpath.format(x)
path2 = self.province_xpath_1.format(x)
province_info = response.xpath(path)
province_name = response.xpath(path2)
yq_province = YqsjProvinceItem()
yq_province['location'] = province_name.get()
yq_province['new'] = province_info[0].get()
yq_province['exist'] = province_info[1].get()
yq_province['total'] = province_info[2].get()
yq_province['cure'] = province_info[3].get()
yq_province['dead'] = province_info[4].get()
yield yq_province將結果按照一定的文本格式輸出出來。完整代碼：
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
from yqsj.items import YqsjChinaItem, YqsjProvinceItem
class YqsjPipeline:
def __init__(self):
self.file = open('result.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
def process_item(self, item, spider):
if isinstance(item, YqsjChinaItem):
self.file.write(
"國內疫情\n現有確診\t{}\n無癥狀\t{}\n現有疑似\t{}\n現有重癥\t{}\n累計確診\t{}\n境外輸入\t{}\n累計治愈\t{}\n累計死亡\t{}\n".format(
item['exist_diagnosis'],
item['asymptomatic'],
item['exist_suspecte'],
item['exist_severe'],
item['cumulative_diagnosis'],
item['overseas_input'],
item['cumulative_cure'],
item['cumulative_dead']))
if isinstance(item, YqsjProvinceItem):
self.file.write(
"省份:{}\t新增:{}\t現有:{}\t累計:{}\t治愈:{}\t死亡:{}\n".format(
item['location'],
item['new'],
item['exist'],
item['total'],
item['cure'],
item['dead']))
return item
def close_spider(self, spider):
self.file.close()直接參考，自行調整：
# Scrapy settings for yqsj project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'yqsj'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['yqsj.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'yqsj.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'yqsj (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.94 Safari/537.36'
}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjSpiderMiddleware': 543,
}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'yqsj.middlewares.YqsjDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'yqsj.pipelines.YqsjPipeline': 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
看看結果文件
感謝你能夠認真閱讀完這篇文章，希望小編分享的“Python如何通過Scrapy框架實現爬取百度新冠疫情數據”這篇文章對大家有幫助，同時也希望大家多多支持億速云，關注億速云行業資訊頻道，更多相關知識等著你來學習!
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