MySQL數據庫的字符集講義

本文主要給大家介紹MySQL數據庫的字符集講義，希望可以給大家補充和更新些知識，如有其它問題需要了解的可以持續在億速云行業資訊里面關注我的更新文章的。

一、查看 MySQL 數據庫云服務器和數據庫字符集

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| Variable_name            | Value                               |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| character_set_client     | utf8                                |......   -- 客戶端字符集
| character_set_connection | utf8                                |......
| character_set_database   | utf8                                |......   -- 數據庫字符集
| character_set_filesystem | binary                              |......
| character_set_results    | utf8                                |......
| character_set_server     | utf8                                |......   -- 服務器字符集
| character_set_system     | utf8                                |......
| character_sets_dir       | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

二、查看 MySQL 數據表（table） 的字符集

mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| Name      | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation       |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| countries | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |   11 | utf8_general_ci |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

三、查看 MySQL 數據列（column）的字符集

mysql> show full columns from countries;
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......
| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......
| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

四、查看當前安裝的 MySQL 所支持的字符集

mysql> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，適用于 Windows & Linux

Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：

1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置

find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷貝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf

    my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf，其中的一個到/etc下命名為my.cnf

    cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8

4.重新啟動MySQL

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL                                         [ 確定 ]
Starting MySQL.                                                  [ 確定 ]

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

其他的一些設置方法：

修改數據庫的字符集

mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
創建數據庫指定數據庫的字符集

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通過配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

為
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通過MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看 數據庫表中字段的字符集是否為utf8的 如果不是 還要設置字段為utf8格式的！

看了以上關于MySQL數據庫的字符集講義，希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限，難免會有不足和需要補充的地方，如有需要更加專業的解答，可在官網聯系我們的24小時售前售后，隨時幫您解答問題的。