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Oracle 11gR2 使用 RMAN duplicate from active database 復制數據庫

發布時間:2020-08-09 18:10:52 來源:ITPUB博客 閱讀:244 作者:531968912 欄目:關系型數據庫

Oracle 10g下,我們可以使用RMAN duplicate 命令創建一個具有不同DBID 的復制庫。 到了Oracle 11gR2 RMAN duplicate 2種方法實現:

       1. Active database duplication

       2. Backup-based duplication

 

       Active database duplication 通過網絡,直接copy target 庫到auxiliary 庫,然后創建復制庫。 這種方法就不需要先用RMAN 備份數據庫,然后將備份文件發送到auxiliary端。

       這個功能的作用是非常大的。 尤其是對T級別的庫。 因為對這樣的庫進行備份,然后將備份集發送到備庫,在進行duplicate 的代價是非常大的。 一備份要占用時間,二要占用備份空間,三在網絡傳送的時候,還需要占用帶寬和時間。所以Active database duplicate 很好的解決了以上的問題。 它對大庫的遷移非常有用。

 

       如果是從RAC duplicate 到單實例,操作是一樣的。 如果是從單實例duplicate RAC。 那么先duplicate 到 單實例。 然后將單實例轉換成RAC

 

Oracle 10g Rman duplicate 的例子參考:

       RMAN 異機 復制數據庫

       http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/20/5749932.aspx

 

下面我們看一下11gR2下,Active Database Duplicate的步驟如下:

 

1. 創建Auxiliary 庫的Initialization Parameter

       如果使用spfile,那么在pfile文件里只需要設置一個DB_NAME參數,其他參數會在duplicate 命令中自己設置。

       如果使用pfile,那么需要設置如下參數:

              DB_NAME

              CONTROL_FILES

              DB_BLOCK_SIZE

              DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

              LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

              DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

 

2. Auxiliary庫創建Password File 文件

       對于Backup-based duplicationPassword File 不是必須的,但是對于Active Database DuplicationPassword File是必須的。 因為Active Database Duplication 使用相同的SYSDBA 密碼直接連接到auxiliary 庫。 所以,確保target Auxiliary庫的SYSDBA 密碼一樣很重要。

 

       當然,我們也可以在duplicate 命令中加上PASSWORD FILE 選項(也是默認值), 這樣RMAN copy 的時候也會從target 庫把密碼文件copy過來,如果auxiliary庫上已經存在了Password file,那么該操作會重寫那個文件。

如:

RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO Dave

2> FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

3> NOFILENAMECHECK

4> PASSWORD FILE

5> SPFILE;

 

3. 如果是windows 平臺,還需要創建Database service

% set ORACLE_SID=DAVE
% set ORACLE_HOME=E:/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
% oradim -NEW -SID DAVE

 

 

4. 配置oracle net,修改listener.orathe tnsnames.ora 文件:

Target 庫和Auxiliary 都要修改。這個也可以使用netca netmgr命令配置。

 

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

ORCL_PD =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

 

5. 用第一步創建的pfile文件,將Auxiliary啟動到nomout 狀態。 然后進行Active Database duplicate

 

 

 

我們看一個完整的復制示例:

Target DB

IP: 192.168.2.42

SIDorcl

 

Auxiliary

IP192.168.2.43

SID:orcl

 

我這里復制的目錄相同。 如果不同的話需要在pfile里面加入db_file_name_convertlog_file_name_convert.

 

1. Auxiliary 創建pfile 參數文件:

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora

DB_NAME=orcl

 

只有一個參數: DB_NAME

 

2. Auxiliary庫上創建口令文件

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle

 

3. Auxiliary庫創建相關的目錄結構:

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

不然在duplicate時會報如下錯誤:

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

 

4. 啟動Auxiliary nomout 狀態:

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 8 00:28:48 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  146472960 bytes

Fixed Size                  1335080 bytes

Variable Size              92274904 bytes

Database Buffers           50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                2531328 bytes

SQL>

 

5. Target Auxiliary 都配置Oracle NetListener.ora and tnsnames.ora):

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

ORCL_PD =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

 

6. 開始RMAN duplicate from active database

 

       注意:如果target  Auxiliary庫的目錄結構相同,記得加上nofilenamecheck參數,不然會報如下錯誤:

       RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

 

       如果目錄不同,在pfile里加如下2個參數進行轉換:

              db_file_name_convert

              log_file_name_convert.

 

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st

 

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 01:01:42 2011

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

 

RMAN> duplicate target database to orcl from active database nofilenamecheck;

 

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   sql clone "create spfile from memory";

}

executing Memory Script

 

sql statement: create spfile from memory

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   sql clone "alter system set  db_name =

 ''ORCL'' comment=

 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

   sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name =

 ''ORCL'' comment=

 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone force nomount

   backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';

   alter clone database mount;

}

executing Memory Script

 

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

 

sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

 

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying current control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T010214 RECID=3 STAMP=745203735

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

 

database mounted

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set newname for datafile  1 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  2 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  3 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  4 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

   backup as copy reuse

   datafile  1 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf"   datafile

 2 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile

 3 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile

 4 auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"   ;

   sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

--在這里開始copy 數據文件,比較慢。

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

 

sql statement: alter system archive log current

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   backup as copy reuse

   archivelog like  "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_03_08/o1_mf_1_7_6qb3zyoo_.arc" auxiliary format

 "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf"   ;

   catalog clone archivelog  "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf";

   switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

 

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=745203841

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0

channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

 

cataloged archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203848

 

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set until scn  844147;

   recover

   clone database

    delete archivelog

   ;

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET until clause

 

Starting recover at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

 

starting media recovery

 

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf thread=1 sequence=7

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 08-MAR-11

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone nomount;

   sql clone "alter system set  db_name =

 ''ORCL'' comment=

 ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

   sql clone "alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile";

   shutdown clone immediate;

   startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

 

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

 

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

 

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''ORCL'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

 

sql statement: alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile

 

Oracle instance shut down

 

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

 

Total System Global Area     146472960 bytes

 

Fixed Size                     1335080 bytes

Variable Size                 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers              50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                   2531328 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

  MAXLOGFILES     16

  MAXLOGMEMBERS      3

  MAXDATAFILES      100

  MAXINSTANCES     8

  MAXLOGHISTORY      292

 LOGFILE

  GROUP  1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,

  GROUP  2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,

  GROUP  3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE

 DATAFILE

  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

 

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set newname for tempfile  1 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

   switch clone tempfile all;

   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf",

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf",

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

   switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file

 

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203867

 

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

 

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

 

RMAN>

 

 

復制結束。 查詢:

 

Target 庫:

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

 

NAME            DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL      1272955137

 

Auxiliary庫:

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

 

NAME            DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL      1272984602

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