DG搭建
   1.DG之RMAN Duplicate方式

環境：
        
            IP              DB_NAME    DB_UNIQUE_NAME     ORACLE_SID    DB PORT
主庫：192.168.1.69     hsidb         hsidbpr                   hsidb             1525
備庫：192.168.1.70     hsidb         hsidbsd                   hsidb             1525

#Active Database Duplicate步驟
a.根據主庫設置參數后的PFILE,備庫根據主庫的PFILE,設置參數值,生成備庫SPFILE.
b.根據主庫的密碼文件,生成備庫的密碼文件.
c.把備庫啟動到nomount狀態.
d.RMAN同時連接主庫與備庫,執行duplicate命令.

###主庫

1.1 主/備庫安裝Oracle Software及靜態監聽及TNS,主庫DBCA建庫.

cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.70   rrfuwu-29.beidou rrfuwu-29
192.168.1.69   rrfuwu-28.beidou rrfuwu-28

1.2 主庫查看歸檔模式
SQL> archive log list;

1.3 開啟force_logging
SQL>select NAME,FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup mount
SQL>alter database force logging;
SQL>alter database open;


1.4  密碼文件
      查看主庫是否存在,密碼文件,如果存在,scp到備份,因為此處主備庫ORACLE_SID相同,故備庫可以直接使用.
      注:主備庫密碼文件密碼一定要相同.


[oracle@rrfuwu-28 dbs]$scp -rp orapwhsidb 192.168.1.70:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs


1.5 主庫添加standby logfile
 standby logfile=(1+logfile組數)*thread=(1+3)*1=4組,需要加4組standby logfile.

查看主庫logfile

主庫添加standby logfile

SQL>alter database add standby logfile 'x' size 300M;

1.6 主庫創建pfile
SQL> create pfile from spfile;


主庫inithsidb.ora備份, 可進行DB原參數值還原.

vim inithsidb.ora 加入如下參數
注： 主備庫數據文件與日志文件路徑相同, 做 rman duplicate時參數db_file_name_convert 與log_file_name_convert 也需要設置,如果兩個參數不設置,做duplicate時會報
"ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-19527: physical standby redo log must be renamed
ORA-00312: online log N thread P:' xxxxx';" (N為log日志組號,P為thread號,xxxxx為日志路徑代替).

*.db_unique_name=hsidbpr
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hsidbpr,hsidbsd)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hsidbpr'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=hsidbsd LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hsidbsd'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.FAL_SERVER=hsidbsd
*.FAL_CLIENT=hsidbpr
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb'
*.standby_file_management=AUTO


關閉實例,根據修改后的pfile,創建spfile.

1.7 主庫scp pfile到備庫
注: 主備庫密碼文件特權用戶密碼要相同.

[oracle@rrfuwu-28 dbs]$ scp -rp inithsidb.ora 192.168.1.70:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs


###備庫

2.1 根據專到備庫的主庫pfile,進行相關DG參數修改.

*.db_unique_name=hsidbsd
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hsidbpr,hsidbsd)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hsidbsd'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=hsidbpr LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=hsidbpr'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.FAL_SERVER=hsidbpr
*.FAL_CLIENT=hsidbsd
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb'
*.standby_file_management=AUTO

2.2 備庫創建相關目錄
     根據pfile中的目錄信息,在備庫創建相關目錄
[oracle@rrfuwu-29 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/hsidb/adump
[oracle@rrfuwu-29 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/hsidb/
[oracle@rrfuwu-29 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/arch


2.3 備庫startup nomount
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/inithsidb.ora;

2.4  RMAN DUPLICATE

[oracle@rrfuwu-29 ~]$ rman target sys/SIGasmlib@HSIDBPR auxiliary sys/SIGasmlib@HSIDBSD 
RMAN>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck dorecover;
......中間過程省略................


2.5 logfile應用
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
SQL>select NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL,FORCE_LOGGING,DATABASE_ROLE,DB_UNIQUE_NAME from v$database;

備庫啟動到open狀態.


DB在進行alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session后產生MRP進程,進行logfile恢復. RFS進程為接受主庫日志功能.


現在為止查看主庫狀態, 保護模式為最大性能模式, DB角色為PRIMARY

SQL>select NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL,FORCE_LOGGING,DATABASE_ROLE,DB_UNIQUE_NAME from v$database;

查看備狀態,保護模式為最大性能模式, DB角色為PHYSICAL STANDBY.

此處我們要搭建DG如果保護模式為最大可用性模式,故下面需要做DG模式轉換.

2.6 查看主備庫日志是否同步.

sql>archive log list;
sql>select unique(thread#),max(sequence#) over(partition by thread#) from v$archived_log;
切歸檔之前---主庫日志sequence
切歸檔之前----備庫日志sequence, 查詢主備庫日志sequence在切歸檔前同步.

手動切歸檔測試.
 切歸檔之后-----主庫日志sequence
切歸檔之后----備庫日志sequence

主/備庫日志是同步的.


2.7 最大可用性模式
SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
主庫進行切換.

查看備庫已經由最大性能模式切換為最大可用性模式.

2.8 主備庫switchover切換測試.
SQL>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE disconnect from session;

備庫切主庫.
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup
SQL>select NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL,FORCE_LOGGING,DATABASE_ROLE,DB_UNIQUE_NAME from v$database;

注:
做RMAN DUPLICATE時,主/備庫數據庫目錄結構即使相同,參數.db_file_name_convert與            log_file_name_convert也需要配置, 如果不配置,最后做rman duplicate時會報錯   "ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-19527: physical standby redo log must be renamed  ORA-00312: online log N thread P:' xxxxx';" (N為log日志組號,P為thread號,xxxxx為日志路徑代替).
 主/備庫duplicate后, 備庫TNSNAMES.ORA中多了一個LISTENER_HSIDB主庫的監聽信息,rrfuwu-28為主庫的HOSTNAME,故此處可以寫成主庫IP,或把rrfuwu-28的域名解析寫到備庫/etc/hosts中.此處如果忘記修改,備庫做主備庫切換,startup時會報錯. “ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER ”

SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00130: invalid listener address '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rrfuwu-28)(PORT=1525))'