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摘要
分析驗證碼素材圖片混淆原理，并采用selenium模擬人拖動滑塊過程，進而破解驗證碼。
人工驗證的過程
1、打開威鋒網注冊頁面
2、移動鼠標至小滑塊，一張完整的圖片會出現（如下圖1）
3、點擊鼠標左鍵，圖片中間會出現一個缺塊（如下圖2）
4、移動小滑塊正上方圖案至缺塊處
5、驗證通過
selenium模擬驗證的過程
1、打開chrome瀏覽器控制臺，會發現圖1所示的驗證碼圖片并不是極驗后臺返回的原圖。而是由多個div拼接而成（如下圖3）
通過圖片顯示div的style屬性可知，極驗后臺把圖片進行切割加錯位處理。把素材圖片切割成10 * 58大小的52張小圖，再進行錯位處理。在網頁上顯示的時候，再通過css的background-position屬性對圖片進行還原。以上的圖1和圖2都是經過了這種處理。在這種情況下，使用selenium模擬驗證是需要對下載的驗證碼圖片進行還原。如上圖3的第一個div.gt_cut_fullbg_slice標簽，它的大小為10px * 58px，其中style屬性為background-image: url("http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/969ffa43c/969ffa43c.webp"); background-position: -157px -58px;會把該屬性對應url的圖片進行一個平移操作，以左上角為參考，向左平移157px，向上平移58px，圖片超出部分不會顯示。所以上圖1所示圖片是由26 * 2個10px * 58px大小的div組成（如下圖4）。每一個小方塊的大小58 * 10
2、下載圖片并還原，上一步驟分析了圖片具體的混淆邏輯，具體還原圖片的代碼實現如下，主要邏輯是把原圖裁剪為52張小圖，然后拼接成一張完整的圖。
/**
*還原圖片
* @param type
*/
private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
//把圖片裁剪為2 * 26份
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
}
//拼接圖片
String[] b = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
}
mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
//拼接圖片
String[] c = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
}
mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
//刪除產生的中間圖片
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
還原過程需要注意的是，后臺返回錯位的圖片是312 * 116大小的。而網頁上圖片div的大小是260 * 116。
3、計算平移距離，遍歷圖片的每一個像素點，當兩張圖的R、G、B之差的和大于255，說明該點的差異過大，很有可能就是需要平移到該位置的那個點，代碼如下。
BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
return i;
}
}
}
4、模擬鼠標移動事件，這一步驟是最關鍵的步驟，極驗驗證碼后臺正是通過移動滑塊的軌跡來判斷是否為機器所為。整個移動軌跡的過程越隨機越好，我這里提供一種成功率較高的移動算法，代碼如下。
public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
int xDis = distance + 11;
System.out.println("應平移距離：" + xDis);
int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
int moveY = 1;
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(200);
printLocation(element);
actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
printLocation(element);
for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
int s = 10;
if (i % 2 == 0){
s = -10;
}
actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
}
System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(200);
actions.release(element).perform();
}
完整代碼如下
package com.github.wycm;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReadParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class GeettestCrawler {
private static String basePath = "src/main/resources/";
private static String FULL_IMAGE_NAME = "full-image";
private static String BG_IMAGE_NAME = "bg-image";
private static int[][] moveArray = new int[52][2];
private static boolean moveArrayInit = false;
private static String INDEX_URL = "https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register";
private static WebDriver driver;
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/dev/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe");
if (!System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")){
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/Users/wangyang/workspace/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver");
}
driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
try {
invoke();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
driver.quit();
}
private static void invoke() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//設置input參數
driver.get(INDEX_URL);
//通過[class=gt_slider_knob gt_show]
By moveBtn = By.cssSelector(".gt_slider_knob.gt_show");
waitForLoad(driver, moveBtn);
WebElement moveElemet = driver.findElement(moveBtn);
int i = 0;
while (i++ < 15){
int distance = getMoveDistance(driver);
move(driver, moveElemet, distance - 6);
By gtTypeBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_type");
By gtInfoBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_content");
waitForLoad(driver, gtTypeBy);
waitForLoad(driver, gtInfoBy);
String gtType = driver.findElement(gtTypeBy).getText();
String gtInfo = driver.findElement(gtInfoBy).getText();
System.out.println(gtType + "---" + gtInfo);
/**
* 再來一次：
* 驗證失敗：
*/
if(!gtType.equals("再來一次:") && !gtType.equals("驗證失敗:")){
Thread.sleep(4000);
System.out.println(driver);
break;
}
Thread.sleep(4000);
}
}
/**
* 移動
* @param driver
* @param element
* @param distance
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
int xDis = distance + 11;
System.out.println("應平移距離：" + xDis);
int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
int moveY = 1;
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
Thread.sleep(200);
printLocation(element);
actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
printLocation(element);
for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
int s = 10;
if (i % 2 == 0){
s = -10;
}
actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
// printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
}
System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
printLocation(element);
Thread.sleep(200);
actions.release(element).perform();
}
private static void printLocation(WebElement element){
Point point = element.getLocation();
System.out.println(point.toString());
}
/**
* 等待元素加載，10s超時
* @param driver
* @param by
*/
public static void waitForLoad(final WebDriver driver, final By by){
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
WebElement element = driver.findElement(by);
if (element != null){
return true;
}
return false;
}
});
}
/**
* 計算需要平移的距離
* @param driver
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static int getMoveDistance(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
String fullImageUrl = getFullImageUrl(pageSource);
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(fullImageUrl), new File(basePath + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
String getBgImageUrl = getBgImageUrl(pageSource);
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(getBgImageUrl), new File(basePath + BG_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
initMoveArray(driver);
restoreImage(FULL_IMAGE_NAME);
restoreImage(BG_IMAGE_NAME);
BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
return i;
}
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("未找到需要平移的位置");
}
private static int difference(int[] a, int[] b){
return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) + Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) + Math.abs(a[2] - b[2]);
}
/**
* 獲取move數組
* @param driver
*/
private static void initMoveArray(WebDriver driver){
if (moveArrayInit){
return;
}
Document document = Jsoup.parse(driver.getPageSource());
Elements elements = document.select("[class=gt_cut_bg gt_show]").first().children();
int i = 0;
for(Element element : elements){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(".*background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px.*");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(element.toString());
if (matcher.find()){
String width = matcher.group(1);
String height = matcher.group(2);
moveArray[i][0] = Integer.parseInt(width);
moveArray[i++][1] = Integer.parseInt(height);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("解析異常");
}
}
moveArrayInit = true;
}
/**
*還原圖片
* @param type
*/
private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
//把圖片裁剪為2 * 26份
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
}
//拼接圖片
String[] b = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
}
mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
//拼接圖片
String[] c = new String[26];
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
}
mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
//刪除產生的中間圖片
for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
}
/**
* 獲取原始圖url
* @param pageSource
* @return
*/
private static String getFullImageUrl(String pageSource){
String url = null;
Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
String style = document.select("[class=gt_cut_fullbg_slice]").first().attr("style");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
if (matcher.find()){
url = matcher.group(1);
}
url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
System.out.println(url);
return url;
}
/**
* 獲取帶背景的url
* @param pageSource
* @return
*/
private static String getBgImageUrl(String pageSource){
String url = null;
Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
String style = document.select(".gt_cut_bg_slice").first().attr("style");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
if (matcher.find()){
url = matcher.group(1);
}
url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
System.out.println(url);
return url;
}
public static boolean cutPic(String srcFile, String outFile, int x, int y,
int width, int height) {
FileInputStream is = null;
ImageInputStream iis = null;
try {
if (!new File(srcFile).exists()) {
return false;
}
is = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
String ext = srcFile.substring(srcFile.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(ext);
ImageReader reader = it.next();
iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(is);
reader.setInput(iis, true);
ImageReadParam param = reader.getDefaultReadParam();
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
param.setSourceRegion(rect);
BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0, param);
File tempOutFile = new File(outFile);
if (!tempOutFile.exists()) {
tempOutFile.mkdirs();
}
ImageIO.write(bi, ext, new File(outFile));
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
} finally {
try {
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
if (iis != null) {
iis.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
}
/**
* 圖片拼接 （注意：必須兩張圖片長寬一致哦）
* @param files 要拼接的文件列表
* @param type 1橫向拼接，2 縱向拼接
* @param targetFile 輸出文件
*/
private static void mergeImage(String[] files, int type, String targetFile) {
int length = files.length;
File[] src = new File[length];
BufferedImage[] images = new BufferedImage[length];
int[][] ImageArrays = new int[length][];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
try {
src[i] = new File(files[i]);
images[i] = ImageIO.read(src[i]);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
int width = images[i].getWidth();
int height = images[i].getHeight();
ImageArrays[i] = new int[width * height];
ImageArrays[i] = images[i].getRGB(0, 0, width, height, ImageArrays[i], 0, width);
}
int newHeight = 0;
int newWidth = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
// 橫向
if (type == 1) {
newHeight = newHeight > images[i].getHeight() ? newHeight : images[i].getHeight();
newWidth += images[i].getWidth();
} else if (type == 2) {// 縱向
newWidth = newWidth > images[i].getWidth() ? newWidth : images[i].getWidth();
newHeight += images[i].getHeight();
}
}
if (type == 1 && newWidth < 1) {
return;
}
if (type == 2 && newHeight < 1) {
return;
}
// 生成新圖片
try {
BufferedImage ImageNew = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
int height_i = 0;
int width_i = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
if (type == 1) {
ImageNew.setRGB(width_i, 0, images[i].getWidth(), newHeight, ImageArrays[i], 0,
images[i].getWidth());
width_i += images[i].getWidth();
} else if (type == 2) {
ImageNew.setRGB(0, height_i, newWidth, images[i].getHeight(), ImageArrays[i], 0, newWidth);
height_i += images[i].getHeight();
}
}
//輸出想要的圖片
ImageIO.write(ImageNew, targetFile.split("\\.")[1], new File(targetFile));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
pom文件依賴如下
<dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jsoup/jsoup --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId> <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId> <version>1.7.2</version> </dependency>
最后
完整代碼已上傳至github,地址:https://github.com/wycm/selenium-geetest-crack
附上一張滑動效果圖
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