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今天就跟大家聊聊有關怎么在iOS中實現WebSocket長鏈接，可能很多人都不太了解，為了讓大家更加了解，小編給大家總結了以下內容，希望大家根據這篇文章可以有所收獲。
WebSocket
WebSocket 是 HTML5 一種新的協議。它實現了瀏覽器與服務器全雙工通信，能更好的節省服務器資源和帶寬并達到實時通訊，它建立在 TCP 之上，同 HTTP 一樣通過 TCP 來傳輸數據，但是它和 HTTP 最大不同是：WebSocket 是一種雙向通信協議.
由于項目需要創建一個聊天室,需要通過長鏈接,和后臺保持通訊,進行聊天,并且實時進行熱點消息的推送.
目前Facebook的SocketRocket應該是目前最好的關于SocketRocket使用的框架了.而且簡單易用.
使用
一般一個項目在啟動后的某個時機會啟動創建一個長鏈接,如果需要多個就多次創建.如果只要一個就可以封裝為一個單例,全局使用.
可以使用podpod管理庫, 在podfile中加入
pod 'SocketRocket'
在使用命令行工具cd到當前工程 安裝
pod install
導入頭文件后即可使用.
為求穩定,我的做法是copy的FaceBook里SocketRocket庫到項目里. --> SocketRocket地址
1.首先創建一個名為 WebSocketManager 的單例類,
+(instancetype)shared;
2.創建一個枚舉,分別表示WebSocket的鏈接狀態
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger,WebSocketConnectType){
WebSocketDefault = 0, //初始狀態,未連接,不需要重新連接
WebSocketConnect, //已連接
WebSocketDisconnect //連接后斷開,需要重新連接
};3.創建連接
//建立長連接 - (void)connectServer;
4.處理連接成功的結果;
-(void)webSocketDidOpen:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket; //連接成功回調
5.處理連接失敗的結果
- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;//連接失敗回調
6.接收消息
///接收消息回調,需要提前和后臺約定好消息格式. - (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didReceiveMessageWithString:(nonnull NSString *)string
7.關閉連接
- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didCloseWithCode:(NSInteger)code reason:(NSString *)reason wasClean:(BOOL)wasClean;///關閉連接回調的代理
8.為保持長鏈接的連接狀態,需要定時向后臺發送消息,就是俗稱的:心跳包.
需要創建一個定時器,固定時間發送消息.
9.鏈接斷開情況處理:
首先判斷是否是主動斷開,如果是主動斷開就不作處理.
如果不是主動斷開鏈接,需要做重新連接的邏輯.
具體代碼如下:
WebSocketManager.h 中的代碼
#import
<foundation foundation="" h="">
#import "RMWebSocket.h"
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger,WebSocketConnectType){
WebSocketDefault = 0, //初始狀態,未連接
WebSocketConnect, //已連接
WebSocketDisconnect //連接后斷開
};
@class WebSocketManager;
@protocol WebSocketManagerDelegate
<nsobject>
- (void)webSocketManagerDidReceiveMessageWithString:(NSString *)string;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface WebSocketManager : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, strong) RMWebSocket *webSocket;
@property(nonatomic,weak) id
<websocketmanagerdelegate nbsp="">
delegate;
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isConnect; //是否連接
@property (nonatomic, assign) WebSocketConnectType connectType;
+(instancetype)shared;
- (void)connectServer;//建立長連接
- (void)reConnectServer;//重新連接
- (void)RMWebSocketClose;//關閉長連接
- (void)sendDataToServer:(NSString *)data;//發送數據給服務器
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
</websocketmanagerdelegate>
</nsobject>
</foundation>WebSocketManager.m 中的代碼
#import "WebSocketManager.h"
@interface WebSocketManager ()
<rmwebsocketdelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *heartBeatTimer; //心跳定時器
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *netWorkTestingTimer; //沒有網絡的時候檢測網絡定時器
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimeInterval reConnectTime; //重連時間
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *sendDataArray; //存儲要發送給服務端的數據
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isActivelyClose; //用于判斷是否主動關閉長連接，如果是主動斷開連接，連接失敗的代理中，就不用執行 重新連接方法
@end
@implementation WebSocketManager
+(instancetype)shared{
static WebSocketManager *_instance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
_instance = [[self alloc]init];
});
return _instance;
}
- (instancetype)init
{
self = [super init];
if(self){
self.reConnectTime = 0;
self.isActivelyClose = NO;
self.sendDataArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
}
return self;
}
//建立長連接
- (void)connectServer{
self.isActivelyClose = NO;
self.webSocket.delegate = nil;
[self.webSocket close];
_webSocket = nil;
// self.webSocket = [[RMWebSocket alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://dev-im-gateway.runxsports.com/ws/token=88888888"]];
self.webSocket = [[RMWebSocket alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"ws://chat.workerman.net:7272"]];
self.webSocket.delegate = self;
[self.webSocket open];
}
- (void)sendPing:(id)sender{
[self.webSocket sendPing:nil error:NULL];
}
#pragma mark --------------------------------------------------
#pragma mark - socket delegate
///開始連接
-(void)webSocketDidOpen:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket{
NSLog(@"socket 開始連接");
self.isConnect = YES;
self.connectType = WebSocketConnect;
[self initHeartBeat];///開始心跳
}
///連接失敗
-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"連接失敗");
self.isConnect = NO;
self.connectType = WebSocketDisconnect;
DLog(@"連接失敗，這里可以實現掉線自動重連，要注意以下幾點");
DLog(@"1.判斷當前網絡環境，如果斷網了就不要連了，等待網絡到來，在發起重連");
DLog(@"3.連接次數限制，如果連接失敗了，重試10次左右就可以了");
//判斷網絡環境
if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable){ //沒有網絡
[self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];//開啟網絡檢測定時器
}else{ //有網絡
[self reConnectServer];//連接失敗就重連
}
}
///接收消息
-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didReceiveMessageWithString:(NSString *)string{
NSLog(@"接收消息---- %@",string);
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(webSocketManagerDidReceiveMessageWithString:)]) {
[self.delegate webSocketManagerDidReceiveMessageWithString:string];
}
}
///關閉連接
-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didCloseWithCode:(NSInteger)code reason:(NSString *)reason wasClean:(BOOL)wasClean{
self.isConnect = NO;
if(self.isActivelyClose){
self.connectType = WebSocketDefault;
return;
}else{
self.connectType = WebSocketDisconnect;
}
DLog(@"被關閉連接，code:%ld,reason:%@,wasClean:%d",code,reason,wasClean);
[self destoryHeartBeat]; //斷開連接時銷毀心跳
//判斷網絡環境
if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable){ //沒有網絡
[self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];//開啟網絡檢測
}else{ //有網絡
NSLog(@"關閉連接");
_webSocket = nil;
[self reConnectServer];//連接失敗就重連
}
}
///ping
-(void)webSocket:(RMWebSocket *)webSocket didReceivePong:(NSData *)pongData{
NSLog(@"接受pong數據--> %@",pongData);
}
#pragma mark - NSTimer
//初始化心跳
- (void)initHeartBeat{
//心跳沒有被關閉
if(self.heartBeatTimer) {
return;
}
[self destoryHeartBeat];
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
self.heartBeatTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:10 target:self selector:@selector(senderheartBeat) userInfo:nil repeats:true];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]addTimer:self.heartBeatTimer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
})
}
//重新連接
- (void)reConnectServer{
if(self.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN){
return;
}
if(self.reConnectTime > 1024){ //重連10次 2^10 = 1024
self.reConnectTime = 0;
return;
}
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(self.reConnectTime *NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN && weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == RM_CONNECTING) {
return;
}
[weakSelf connectServer];
// CTHLog(@"正在重連......");
if(weakSelf.reConnectTime == 0){ //重連時間2的指數級增長
weakSelf.reConnectTime = 2;
}else{
weakSelf.reConnectTime *= 2;
}
});
}
//發送心跳
- (void)senderheartBeat{
//和服務端約定好發送什么作為心跳標識，盡可能的減小心跳包大小
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN){
[weakSelf sendPing:nil];
}
});
}
//沒有網絡的時候開始定時 -- 用于網絡檢測
- (void)noNetWorkStartTestingTimer{
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(noNetWorkStartTesting) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
});
}
//定時檢測網絡
- (void)noNetWorkStartTesting{
//有網絡
if(AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus != AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable)
{
//關閉網絡檢測定時器
[self destoryNetWorkStartTesting];
//開始重連
[self reConnectServer];
}
}
//取消網絡檢測
- (void)destoryNetWorkStartTesting{
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
if(weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer)
{
[weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer invalidate];
weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer = nil;
}
});
}
//取消心跳
- (void)destoryHeartBeat{
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
if(weakSelf.heartBeatTimer)
{
[weakSelf.heartBeatTimer invalidate];
weakSelf.heartBeatTimer = nil;
}
});
}
//關閉長連接
- (void)RMWebSocketClose{
self.isActivelyClose = YES;
self.isConnect = NO;
self.connectType = WebSocketDefault;
if(self.webSocket)
{
[self.webSocket close];
_webSocket = nil;
}
//關閉心跳定時器
[self destoryHeartBeat];
//關閉網絡檢測定時器
[self destoryNetWorkStartTesting];
}
//發送數據給服務器
- (void)sendDataToServer:(NSString *)data{
[self.sendDataArray addObject:data];
//[_webSocket sendString:data error:NULL];
//沒有網絡
if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable)
{
//開啟網絡檢測定時器
[self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];
}
else //有網絡
{
if(self.webSocket != nil)
{
// 只有長連接OPEN開啟狀態才能調 send 方法，不然會Crash
if(self.webSocket.readyState == RM_OPEN)
{
// if (self.sendDataArray.count > 0)
// {
// NSString *data = self.sendDataArray[0];
[_webSocket sendString:data error:NULL]; //發送數據
// [self.sendDataArray removeObjectAtIndex:0];
//
// }
}
else if (self.webSocket.readyState == RM_CONNECTING) //正在連接
{
DLog(@"正在連接中，重連后會去自動同步數據");
}
else if (self.webSocket.readyState == RM_CLOSING || self.webSocket.readyState == RM_CLOSED) //斷開連接
{
//調用 reConnectServer 方法重連,連接成功后 繼續發送數據
[self reConnectServer];
}
}
else
{
[self connectServer]; //連接服務器
}
}
}
@end
</rmwebsocketdelegate>注意點
我們在發送消息之前,也就是調用 senderheartBeat/ sendDataToServer:方法之前，一定要判斷當前scoket是否連接，如果不是連接狀態，程序則會crash。
iOS手機屏幕息屏或者回主頁的時候有可能會造成鏈接斷開,我這邊的處理是在回到屏幕的時候,判斷狀態,如果已經斷開,就重新連接.
在 AppDelegate 中:
- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application {
// Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
if ([WebSocketManager shared].connectType == WebSocketDisconnect) {
[[WebSocketManager shared] connectServer];
}
}看完上述內容，你們對怎么在iOS中實現WebSocket長鏈接有進一步的了解嗎？如果還想了解更多知識或者相關內容，請關注億速云行業資訊頻道，感謝大家的支持。
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