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Angular表單驗證分為兩種驗證:1.內置驗證(required,minlength等);2.自定義驗證(正則表達式)。
接下來我們用一個注冊賬號的demo來看一下這兩種驗證是如何實現的。
項目界面
一、內置驗證
其中賬戶名有required驗證和最短長度驗證,其他兩個只有required驗證
1.項目目錄
----------app.component.ts
----------app.component.html
----------app.component.css
----------app.module.ts
2.項目代碼
app.module.ts
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';//表單驗證必須導入這兩個模塊 import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; @NgModule({ declarations: [ AppComponent ], imports: [ BrowserModule, FormsModule, //注冊模塊 ReactiveFormsModule ], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent] }) export class AppModule { }
app.component.ts
import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms'; @Component({ selector: 'app-root', templateUrl: './app.component.html', styleUrls: ['./app.component.css'] }) export class AppComponent { title = 'app'; Form:FormGroup; data={ name:"", email:"", tel:"" } ngOnInit(): void { this.Form = new FormGroup({ 'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [ Validators.required, Validators.minLength(4) ]), 'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, Validators.required), 'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required) }); } get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); } get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); } get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); } }
簡單來說,在使用驗證表單的時候,大致分為四步:
(1)導入相關模塊FormGroup, FormControl, Validators;
(2)聲明表單驗證變量From:FromGroup;
(3)定義驗證規則;
(4)通過它所屬的控件組(FormGroup)的get方法來訪問表單控件
app.component.html
<div class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <p class="title-wrapper">注冊賬號</p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form"> <label for="name">賬戶名:</label> <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/> <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="name.errors.required"> 請輸入長度賬戶名! </div> <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength"> 賬戶名長度不小于4! </div> </div> <label for="email">郵箱:</label> <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email"><br/> <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="email.errors.required"> 請輸入郵箱! </div> </div> <label for="tel">電話:</label> <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel"> <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required"> 請輸入電話! </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <button class="btn btn-primary confirm">確認</button> </div> </div>
app.component.css
*{ font-size: 18px; } .wrapper{ margin: 0 auto; margin-top:10%; width:30%; height: 20%; border:1px solid black; border-radius: 10px; } .title-wrapper{ margin: 0 auto; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; width:370px; text-align: center; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 800; } label{ display: inline-block; width:72px; } .contain-wrapper{ width: 300px; margin:0 auto; } .confirm{ margin-top:20px; width:100%; }
3.項目效果
二、自定義驗證
自定義表單驗證,需要創建自定義驗證器,我們接下來更改郵箱的驗證,將其改為有格式的驗證,而不是單純的存在驗證,首先我們來看一下項目目錄的更改
1.項目目錄
----------app.component.ts
----------app.component.html
----------app.component.css
----------app.module.ts
----------emailAuthentication.ts
2.項目代碼
app.module.ts
注冊自定義驗證器EmailValidatorDirective
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms'; import { EmailValidatorDirective } from './emailAuthentication'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; @NgModule({ declarations: [ AppComponent, EmailValidatorDirective ], imports: [ BrowserModule, FormsModule, ReactiveFormsModule ], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent] }) export class AppModule { }
emailAuthentication.ts
import { Directive, Input, OnChanges, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core'; import { AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS, Validator, ValidatorFn, Validators } from '@angular/forms'; /** A hero's name can't match the given regular expression */ export function emailValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn { return (control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } => { const forbidden = !nameRe.test(control.value); return forbidden ? { 'forbiddenName': { value: control.value } } : null; }; } @Directive({ selector: '[appForbiddenName]', providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective, multi: true }] }) export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator { @Input() forbiddenName: string; validate(control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } { return this.forbiddenName ? emailValidator(new RegExp(this.forbiddenName, 'i'))(control) : null; } }
app.component.ts
import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms'; import { emailValidator } from './emailAuthentication'; //導入emailValidator自定義驗證器 @Component({ selector: 'app-root', templateUrl: './app.component.html', styleUrls: ['./app.component.css'] }) export class AppComponent { title = 'app'; //email的正則表達式 emailExp = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(.[a-zA-Z0-9_-])+/ ; Form:FormGroup; data={ name:"", email:"", tel:"" } ngOnInit(): void { this.Form = new FormGroup({ 'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [ Validators.required, Validators.minLength(4) ]), 'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, [ Validators.required, emailValidator(this.emailExp) //自定義驗證器 ]), 'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required) }); } get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); } get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); } get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); } }
app.component.html
<div class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <p class="title-wrapper">注冊賬號</p> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form"> <label for="name">賬戶名:</label> <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/> <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="name.errors.required"> 請輸入賬戶名! </div> <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength"> 賬戶名長度不小于4! </div> </div> <label for="email">郵箱:</label> <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email" required><br/> <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="email.errors.forbiddenName"> 請輸入正確格式的郵箱! </div> </div> <label for="tel">電話:</label> <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel"> <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger"> <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required"> 請輸入電話! </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <button class="btn btn-primary confirm" [disabled]="Form.invalid" >確認</button> </div> </div>
在最后確認的時候,我們設置一下按鈕的disabled屬性,在表單驗證不通過的時候,確認按鈕是點擊不了的,顯示不可點擊狀態。[disabled]="Form.invalid"。
3.項目效果
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