new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, null, true /* isRenderWatcher */)

Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
 el?: string | Element,
 hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
 el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined
 return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
}

export function mountComponent (
 vm: Component,
 el: ?Element,
 hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
 vm.$el = el // 放一份el到自己的屬性里
 if (!vm.$options.render) { // render應該經過處理了, 因為我們經常都是用template或者vue文件
 // 判斷是否存在render函數, 如果沒有就把render函數寫成空VNode來避免紅錯, 并報出黃錯
 vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
 if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if ((vm.$options.template && vm.$options.template.charAt(0) !== '#') ||
  vm.$options.el || el) {
  warn(
   'You are using the runtime-only build of Vue where the template ' +
   'compiler is not available. Either pre-compile the templates into ' +
   'render functions, or use the compiler-included build.',
   vm
  )
  } else {
  warn(
   'Failed to mount component: template or render function not defined.',
   vm
  )
  }
 }
 }
 callHook(vm, 'beforeMount')

 let updateComponent
 /* istanbul ignore if */
 if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
 // 不看這里的代碼了, 直接看else里的, 行為是一樣的
 updateComponent = () => {
  const name = vm._name
  const id = vm._uid
  const startTag = `vue-perf-start:${id}`
  const endTag = `vue-perf-end:${id}`

  mark(startTag)
  const vnode = vm._render()
  mark(endTag)
  measure(`vue ${name} render`, startTag, endTag)

  mark(startTag)
  vm._update(vnode, hydrating)
  mark(endTag)
  measure(`vue ${name} patch`, startTag, endTag)
 }
 } else {
 updateComponent = () => {
  vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
 }
 }

 // we set this to vm._watcher inside the watcher's constructor
 // since the watcher's initial patch may call $forceUpdate (e.g. inside child
 // component's mounted hook), which relies on vm._watcher being already defined
 // 注冊一個Watcher
 new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, null, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
 hydrating = false

 // manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
 // mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
 if (vm.$vnode == null) {
 vm._isMounted = true
 callHook(vm, 'mounted')
 }
 return vm
}

if (isRenderWatcher) {
  vm._watcher = this
 }

updateComponent = () => {
  vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
 }

Vue.prototype._render = function (): VNode {
 const vm: Component = this
 const { render, _parentVnode } = vm.$options // todo: render和_parentVnode的由來

 // reset _rendered flag on slots for duplicate slot check
 if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
  for (const key in vm.$slots) {
  // $flow-disable-line
  vm.$slots[key]._rendered = false
  }
 }

 if (_parentVnode) {
  vm.$scopedSlots = _parentVnode.data.scopedSlots || emptyObject
 }

 // set parent vnode. this allows render functions to have access
 // to the data on the placeholder node.
 vm.$vnode = _parentVnode
 // render self
 let vnode
 try {
  vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement)
 } catch (e) {
  // catch其實不需要看了, 都是做異常處理, _vnode是在vm._update的時候保存的, 也就是上次的狀態或是null(init的時候給的)
  handleError(e, vm, `render`)
  // return error render result,
  // or previous vnode to prevent render error causing blank component
  /* istanbul ignore else */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
  if (vm.$options.renderError) {
   try {
   vnode = vm.$options.renderError.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement, e)
   } catch (e) {
   handleError(e, vm, `renderError`)
   vnode = vm._vnode
   }
  } else {
   vnode = vm._vnode
  }
  } else {
  vnode = vm._vnode
  }
 }
 // return empty vnode in case the render function errored out
 if (!(vnode instanceof VNode)) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && Array.isArray(vnode)) {
  warn(
   'Multiple root nodes returned from render function. Render function ' +
   'should return a single root node.',
   vm
  )
  }
  vnode = createEmptyVNode()
 }
 // set parent
 vnode.parent = _parentVnode
 return vnode
 }
}

vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement)

Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode: VNode, hydrating?: boolean) {
 const vm: Component = this
 if (vm._isMounted) {
  callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
 }
 // 記錄update之前的狀態
 const prevEl = vm.$el
 const prevVnode = vm._vnode
 const prevActiveInstance = activeInstance
 activeInstance = vm
 vm._vnode = vnode
 // Vue.prototype.__patch__ is injected in entry points
 // based on the rendering backend used.
 if (!prevVnode) { // 初次加載, 只有_update方法更新vm._vnode, 初始化是null
  // initial render
  vm.$el = vm.__patch__( // patch創建新dom
  vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */,
  vm.$options._parentElm,
  vm.$options._refElm
  )
  // no need for the ref nodes after initial patch
  // this prevents keeping a detached DOM tree in memory (#5851)
  vm.$options._parentElm = vm.$options._refElm = null
 } else {
  // updates
  vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode) // patch更新dom
 }
 activeInstance = prevActiveInstance
 // update __vue__ reference
 if (prevEl) {
  prevEl.__vue__ = null
 }
 if (vm.$el) {
  vm.$el.__vue__ = vm
 }
 // if parent is an HOC, update its $el as well
 if (vm.$vnode && vm.$parent && vm.$vnode === vm.$parent._vnode) {
  vm.$parent.$el = vm.$el
 }
 // updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are
 // updated in a parent's updated hook.
 }