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本篇文章為大家展示了python爬蟲豆瓣網的模擬登錄實現,內容簡明扼要并且容易理解,絕對能使你眼前一亮,通過這篇文章的詳細介紹希望你能有所收獲。
一、想要實現登錄豆瓣關鍵點
分析真實post地址 ----尋找它的formdata,如下圖,按瀏覽器的F12可以找到。
實戰操作
實現:模擬登錄豆瓣,驗證碼處理,登錄到個人主頁就算是success
數據:沒有抓取數據,此實戰主要是模擬登錄和處理驗證碼的學習。要是有需求要抓取數據,編寫相關的抓取規則即可抓取內容。
登錄成功展示如圖:
spiders文件夾中DouBan.py主要代碼如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy,urllib,re from scrapy.http import Request,FormRequest import ruokuai ''' 遇到不懂的問題?Python學習交流群:821460695滿足你的需求,資料都已經上傳群文件,可以自行下載! ''' class DoubanSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "DouBan" allowed_domains = ["douban.com"] #start_urls = ['http://douban.com/'] header={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"} #供登錄模擬使用 def start_requests(self): url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login' return [Request(url=url,meta={"cookiejar":1},callback=self.parse)]#可以傳遞一個標示符來使用多個。如meta={'cookiejar': 1}這句,后面那個1就是標示符 def parse(self, response): captcha=response.xpath('//*[@id="captcha_image"]/@src').extract() #獲取驗證碼圖片的鏈接 print captcha if len(captcha)>0: '''此時有驗證碼''' #人工輸入驗證碼 #urllib.urlretrieve(captcha[0],filename="C:/Users/pujinxiao/Desktop/learn/douban20170405/douban/douban/spiders/captcha.png") #captcha_value=raw_input('查看captcha.png,有驗證碼請輸入:') #用快若打碼平臺處理驗證碼--------驗證碼是任意長度字母,成功率較低 captcha_value=ruokuai.get_captcha(captcha[0]) reg=r'<Result>(.*?)</Result>' reg=re.compile(reg) captcha_value=re.findall(reg,captcha_value)[0] print '驗證碼為:',captcha_value data={ "form_email": "weisuen007@163.com", "form_password": "weijc7789", "captcha-solution": captcha_value, #"redir": "https://www.douban.com/people/151968962/", #設置需要轉向的網址,由于我們需要爬取個人中心頁,所以轉向個人中心頁 } else: '''此時沒有驗證碼''' print '無驗證碼' data={ "form_email": "weisuen007@163.com", "form_password": "weijc7789", #"redir": "https://www.douban.com/people/151968962/", } print '正在登陸中......' ####FormRequest.from_response()進行登陸 return [ FormRequest.from_response( response, meta={"cookiejar":response.meta["cookiejar"]}, headers=self.header, formdata=data, callback=self.get_content, ) ] def get_content(self,response): title=response.xpath('//title/text()').extract()[0] if u'登錄豆瓣' in title: print '登錄失敗,請重試!' else: print '登錄成功' ''' 可以繼續后續的爬取工作 '''
ruokaui.py代碼如下:
我所用的是若塊打碼平臺,選擇url識別驗證碼,直接給打碼平臺驗證碼圖片的鏈接地址,傳回驗證碼的值。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys, hashlib, os, random, urllib, urllib2 from datetime import * ''' 遇到不懂的問題?Python學習交流群:821460695滿足你的需求,資料都已經上傳群文件,可以自行下載! ''' class APIClient(object): def http_request(self, url, paramDict): post_content = '' for key in paramDict: post_content = post_content + '%s=%s&'%(key,paramDict[key]) post_content = post_content[0:-1] #print post_content req = urllib2.Request(url, data=post_content) req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor()) response = opener.open(req, post_content) return response.read() def http_upload_image(self, url, paramKeys, paramDict, filebytes): timestr = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') boundary = '------------' + hashlib.md5(timestr).hexdigest().lower() boundarystr = '\r\n--%s\r\n'%(boundary) bs = b'' for key in paramKeys: bs = bs + boundarystr.encode('ascii') param = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%s\"\r\n\r\n%s"%(key, paramDict[key]) #print param bs = bs + param.encode('utf8') bs = bs + boundarystr.encode('ascii') header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"image\"; filename=\"%s\"\r\nContent-Type: image/gif\r\n\r\n'%('sample') bs = bs + header.encode('utf8') bs = bs + filebytes tailer = '\r\n--%s--\r\n'%(boundary) bs = bs + tailer.encode('ascii') import requests headers = {'Content-Type':'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s'%boundary, 'Connection':'Keep-Alive', 'Expect':'100-continue', } response = requests.post(url, params='', data=bs, headers=headers) return response.text def arguments_to_dict(args): argDict = {} if args is None: return argDict count = len(args) if count <= 1: print 'exit:need arguments.' return argDict for i in [1,count-1]: pair = args[i].split('=') if len(pair) < 2: continue else: argDict[pair[0]] = pair[1] return argDict def get_captcha(image_url): client = APIClient() while 1: paramDict = {} result = '' act = raw_input('請輸入打碼方式url:') if cmp(act, 'info') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/info.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'register') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') paramDict['email'] = raw_input('email:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/register.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'recharge') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['id'] = raw_input('id:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/recharge.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'url') == 0: paramDict['username'] = '********' paramDict['password'] = '********' paramDict['typeid'] = '2000' paramDict['timeout'] = '90' paramDict['softid'] = '76693' paramDict['softkey'] = 'ec2b5b2a576840619bc885a47a025ef6' paramDict['imageurl'] = image_url result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'report') == 0: paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:') paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:') paramDict['id'] = raw_input('id:') result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml', paramDict) elif cmp(act, 'upload') == 0: paramDict['username'] = '********' paramDict['password'] = '********' paramDict['typeid'] = '2000' paramDict['timeout'] = '90' paramDict['softid'] = '76693' paramDict['softkey'] = 'ec2b5b2a576840619bc885a47a025ef6' paramKeys = ['username', 'password', 'typeid', 'timeout', 'softid', 'softkey' ] from PIL import Image imagePath = raw_input('Image Path:') img = Image.open(imagePath) if img is None: print 'get file error!' continue img.save("upload.gif", format="gif") filebytes = open("upload.gif", "rb").read() result = client.http_upload_image("http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml", paramKeys, paramDict, filebytes) elif cmp(act, 'help') == 0: print 'info' print 'register' print 'recharge' print 'url' print 'report' print 'upload' print 'help' print 'exit' elif cmp(act, 'exit') == 0: break return result
上述內容就是python爬蟲豆瓣網的模擬登錄實現,你們學到知識或技能了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識儲備,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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