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這篇文章主要講解了用java后端實現微信小程序訂閱消息開發，內容清晰明了，對此有興趣的小伙伴可以學習一下，相信大家閱讀完之后會有幫助。
訂閱消息說明
訂閱消息是微信近期新出的一個能力,用來代替原有的模板消息(原有的模板消息即將下線)
訂閱消息的功能較模板消息有所提升,"7天"的限制取消,同時有"一次性"和"永久"訂閱.(功能上是這樣說的,但是實際開發時發現"永久"訂閱還是對小程序的服務類目有要求的,客戶的小程序只支持"一次性"訂閱)
官方通道:
小程序前端:點擊進入
小程序服務端:點擊進入
開發思路
用戶在小程序內觸發按鈕或進行支付操作時前端調用訂閱消息授權框,默認一次授權只能發送一次訂閱消息
如果用戶勾選"下次自動授權",下次將不再彈出授權框->點擊按鈕直接擁有一次發送訂閱消息的機會,此處不需要模板消息的"formId",較之前更簡單
經過測試,如果在小程序上多次點擊觸發授權的按鈕,發送訂閱消息的機會可以累加!!!
(如,1分鐘內點擊了10次按鈕,后面將擁有10次發送訂閱消息的機會,什么時候發都可以)
代碼實現(僅java后端)
實體類部分
1.TemplateParam.java
public class TemplateParam {
private String key;
private String value;
public TemplateParam(String key,String value){
this.key=key;
this.value=value;
}
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
}2.Template.java
import java.util.List;
public class Template {
private String touser;
private String template_id;
private String page;
private List<TemplateParam> templateParamList;
public String getTouser() {
return touser;
}
public void setTouser(String touser) {
this.touser = touser;
}
public String getTemplate_id() {
return template_id;
}
public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {
this.template_id = template_id;
}
public String getPage() {
return page;
}
public void setPage(String page) {
this.page = page;
}
public String toJSON() {
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
buffer.append("{");
buffer.append(String.format("\"touser\":\"%s\"", this.touser)).append(",");
buffer.append(String.format("\"template_id\":\"%s\"", this.template_id)).append(",");
buffer.append(String.format("\"page\":\"%s\"", this.page)).append(",");
buffer.append("\"data\":{");
TemplateParam param = null;
for (int i = 0; i < this.templateParamList.size(); i++) {
param = templateParamList.get(i);
// 判斷是否追加逗號
if (i < this.templateParamList.size() - 1){
buffer.append(String.format("\"%s\": {\"value\":\"%s\"},", param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
}else{
buffer.append(String.format("\"%s\": {\"value\":\"%s\"}", param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
}
}
buffer.append("}");
buffer.append("}");
return buffer.toString();
}
public List<TemplateParam> getTemplateParamList() {
return templateParamList;
}
public void setTemplateParamList(List<TemplateParam> templateParamList) {
this.templateParamList = templateParamList;
}
}工具類部分
1.CommonUtil.java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
public class CommonUtil {
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
// 創建SSLContext對象，并使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 從上述SSLContext對象中得到SSLSocketFactory對象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 設置請求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
// 當有數據需要提交時
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 將返回的輸入流轉換成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 釋放資源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
ce.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonObject;
}
public static String httpRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 設置請求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
// 當有數據需要提交時
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 將返回的輸入流轉換成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 釋放資源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
//jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
ce.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return buffer.toString();
}
public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String source){
String result = source;
try {
result = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(source,"utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
public static String httpsRequestForStr(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
String result="";
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
// 創建SSLContext對象，并使用我們指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 從上述SSLContext對象中得到SSLSocketFactory對象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection httpUrlConn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpUrlConn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
httpUrlConn.setDoOutput(true);
httpUrlConn.setDoInput(true);
httpUrlConn.setUseCaches(false);
// 設置請求方式（GET/POST）
httpUrlConn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(requestMethod)) {
httpUrlConn.connect();
}
// 當有數據需要提交時
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = httpUrlConn.getOutputStream();
// 注意編碼格式，防止中文亂碼
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 將返回的輸入流轉換成字符串
InputStream inputStream = httpUrlConn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
// 釋放資源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
httpUrlConn.disconnect();
result=buffer.toString();
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
ce.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}2.HttpUtil.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpUtil {
private static final CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
/**
* 發送HttpGet請求
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String sendGet(String url) {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
String result = null;
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 發送HttpPost請求，參數為map
* @param url
* @param map
* @return
*/
public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> map) {
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, Consts.UTF_8);
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
httppost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpEntity entity1 = response.getEntity();
String result = null;
try {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 發送不帶參數的HttpPost請求
* @param url
* @return
*/
public static String sendPost(String url) {
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String result = null;
try {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}jar包:
1.fastjson-1.2.44.jar
控制層代碼:
1.獲取ACCESS_TOKEN
String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="
+ 小程序的appid
+ "&secret="
+ 小程序的Secret
String result = HttpUtil.sendGet(url);
JSONObject object=JSON.parseObject(result);
String Access_Token = object.getString("access_token");2.發送訂閱消息
Template template=new Template();
template.setTemplate_id("填寫小程序申請的訂閱消息id");
template.setTouser("用戶的openid");
template.setPage("pages/index/index");
List<TemplateParam> paras=new ArrayList<TemplateParam>();
paras.add(new TemplateParam("character_string2","000001"));
paras.add(new TemplateParam("amount1","888.88"));
paras.add(new TemplateParam("date3","2015年01月05日"));
paras.add(new TemplateParam("thing4","請進入小程序查1看"));
template.setTemplateParamList(paras);
String requestUrl="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
requestUrl=requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", Access_Token);
System.out.println(template.toJSON());
net.sf.json.JSONObject jsonResult=CommonUtil.httpsRequest(requestUrl, "POST", template.toJSON());
if(jsonResult!=null){
System.out.println(jsonResult);
int errorCode=jsonResult.getInt("errcode");
String errorMessage=jsonResult.getString("errmsg");
if(errorCode==0){
System.out.println("Send Success");
}else{
System.out.println("訂閱消息發送失敗:"+errorCode+","+errorMessage);
}
} 總結
1.本文閱讀對象為初學者,所有各種工具類.jar包都粘出來了,直接復制即可使用
2.通過該功能的開發,發現小程序的通知類功能監管更加嚴格,必須用戶授權才可以發訂閱消息,同時用戶可以更方便的取消訂閱,所以建議開發者慎用此功能
看完上述內容，是不是對用java后端實現微信小程序訂閱消息開發有進一步的了解，如果還想學習更多內容，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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