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本篇內容介紹了“Android LayoutInflater怎么使用”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
LayoutInflater
開頭先附一段LayoutInflater類的注釋簡介
/** * Instantiates a layout XML file into its corresponding {@link android.view.View} * objects. It is never used directly. Instead, use * {@link android.app.Activity#getLayoutInflater()} or * {@link Context#getSystemService} to retrieve a standard LayoutInflater instance * that is already hooked up to the current context and correctly configured * for the device you are running on. * * To create a new LayoutInflater with an additional {@link Factory} for your * own views, you can use {@link #cloneInContext} to clone an existing * ViewFactory, and then call {@link #setFactory} on it to include your * Factory. * * For performance reasons, view inflation relies heavily on pre-processing of * XML files that is done at build time. Therefore, it is not currently possible * to use LayoutInflater with an XmlPullParser over a plain XML file at runtime; * it only works with an XmlPullParser returned from a compiled resource * (R.<em>something</em> file.) */
這是LayoutInflater開頭的一段介紹,我們能看到幾個重要的信息:
LayoutInfalter的作用是把XML轉化成對應的View對象,需要用Activity#getLayoutInflater()
或者getSystemService
獲取,會綁定當前的Context
如果需要使用自定義的Factory
查看替換加載信息,需要用cloneInContext去克隆一個ViewFactory
,然后調用setFactory
設置自定義的Factory
性能原因,inflate會在build階段進行,無法用來加載一個外部文本XML文件,只能加載R.xxx.xxx這種處理好的資源文件。
//LayoutInflater.java public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) { //root是否為null來決定attachToRoot是否為true。 return inflate(resource, root, root != null); } public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root) { return inflate(parser, root, root != null); } public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { final Resources res = getContext().getResources(); ... final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource); try { return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot); } finally { parser.close(); } } //三個inflate方法最終都會調用到下面這個三個參數的inflate方法。 /** * parser XML節點包含了View的層級描述 * root 需要attached到的根目錄,如果attachToRoot為true則root必須不為null。 * attachToRoot 加載的層級是否需要attach到rootView, * return attachToRoot為true,就返回root,反之false就返回加載的XML文件的根節點View。 */ public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { synchronized (mConstructorArgs) { final Context inflaterContext = mContext; final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser); Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0]; mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext; View result = root; try { // Look for the root node. int type; while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { // Empty } if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) { throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription() + ": No start tag found!"); } final String name = parser.getName(); ... if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { if (root == null || !attachToRoot) { throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid " + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true"); } rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false); } else { // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs); ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null; if (root != null) { // Create layout params that match root, if supplied params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs); if (!attachToRoot) { // Set the layout params for temp if we are not // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below) temp.setLayoutParams(params); } } rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true); ... // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp) to root. Do that now. if (root != null && attachToRoot) { root.addView(temp, params); } // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the top view found in xml. if (root == null || !attachToRoot) { result = temp; } } } catch (XmlPullParserException e) { ... } return result; } }
inflate方法使用XmlPullParser解析XML文件,并根據得到的標簽名執行不同的邏輯:
首先如果是merge
標簽,會走rInflate方法,方法前面帶r
的說明是recurse
遞歸方法
如果不是merge
標簽,執行createViewFromTag
,根據傳入的name
和attrs
獲取到name對應的rootView并且添加到root里面。
針對merge
標簽,如果是merge
標簽必須有root并且必須attachToRoot==true
,否則直接拋異常,所以我們得知merge必須作為root標簽使用,并且不能用在子標簽中①,rInflate
方法中也會針對merge
標簽進行檢查,保證merge
標簽不會出現在子標簽中,后面會有介紹。
檢查通過則調用rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false)
方法,遞歸遍歷root的層級,解析加載childrenView掛載到parentView下面,rinflate詳細解析可以看rinflate。
如果不是merge標簽則調用createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs)
,這個方法的作用是加載名字為name的view
,根據name反射方式創建對應的View,根據傳入的attrs
構造Params設置給View,返回創建好的View。
當然這只是創建了一個View,需要再調用rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true)
,這個方法也是一個遞歸方法,它的作用是根據傳入的parser包含的層級,加載此層級的子View并掛載到temp
下面。
createViewFromTag
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs, boolean ignoreThemeAttr) { if (name.equals("view")) { name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class"); } // Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified. // 如果傳入的attr中包含theme屬性,則使用此attr中的theme。 if (!ignoreThemeAttr) { final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME); final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0); if (themeResId != 0) { context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId); } ta.recycle(); } if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) { // Let's party like it's 1995! return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs); } try { View view; if (mFactory2 != null) { view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs); } else if (mFactory != null) { view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs); } else { view = null; } if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) { view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs); } if (view == null) { final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0]; mConstructorArgs[0] = context; try { if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) { view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs); } else { view = createView(name, null, attrs); } } finally { mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext; } } return view; } catch (Exception e) { ... } }
先看當前標簽的attr屬性里面是否設置了theme,如果設置了就用當前標簽的theme屬性,綁定到context上面。 這里很有意思的是特殊判斷了一個TAG_1995
,也就是blink
,一個將包裹的內容每隔500ms
顯示隱藏的一個標簽,怎么看都像個彩蛋~
然后調用mFactory2
的onCreateView
,如果沒有設置mFactory2
就嘗試mFactory
,否則調用mPrivateFactory
,mFactory2和mFactory后面再說,這里先往后走。
如果還是沒有加載到view,先判斷name,看名字里是不是有.
,如果沒有就表明是Android原生的View,最終都會調用到createView
方法,onCreateView
最終會調用到createView(name, "android.view.", attrs);
,會在View名字天面添加"android.view."前綴。
下面是默認的createView的實現:
@Nullable public final View createView(@NonNull Context viewContext, @NonNull String name, @Nullable String prefix, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException { Objects.requireNonNull(viewContext); Objects.requireNonNull(name); Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name); if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) { constructor = null; sConstructorMap.remove(name); } Class<? extends View> clazz = null; try { if (constructor == null) { // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false, mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class); if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) { boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz); if (!allowed) { failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs); } } constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature); constructor.setAccessible(true); sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor); } else { // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor if (mFilter != null) { // Have we seen this name before? Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name); if (allowedState == null) { // New class -- remember whether it is allowed clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false, mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class); boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz); mFilterMap.put(name, allowed); if (!allowed) { failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs); } } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) { failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs); } } } Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0]; mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext; Object[] args = mConstructorArgs; args[1] = attrs; try { final View view = constructor.newInstance(args); if (view instanceof ViewStub) { // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later. final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view; viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0])); } return view; } finally { mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext; } } catch (Exception e) { ... } finally { Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW); } }
這個方法可以看到View是怎么創建出來的,用類的全限定名拿到class信息,有一個sConstructorMap
緩存類的constructor
,如果能拿到有效的構造器就不再重復創建來提升效率,如果沒有緩存的構造器,就反射得到構造器并添加到sConstructorMap
中以便后面使用。這里有個mFilter
來提供自定義選項,用戶可以自定義哪些類不允許構造。
拿到構造器之后,實際上newInstance
是調用了兩View
個參數的構造方法。第一個參數是Context
,第二個參數是attrs
,這樣我們就得到了需要加載的View。
這里可以結合LayoutInflater.Factory2
一起來看,Activity實際上是實現了LayoutInflater.Factory2
接口的:
//Activity.java public View onCreateView(@NonNull String name, @NonNull Context context, @NonNull AttributeSet attrs) { return null; }
所以我們可以直接在Activity里面重寫onCreateView
方法,這樣就可以根據View的名字來實現我們的一些操作,比如換膚的操作,比如定義一個名字來表示某種自定義View。可以看這樣一個用法:
<PlaceHolder android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:text="include LinearLayout" android:textColor="#fff" android:textSize="15sp" />
然后我們在重寫的onCreateView
里面判斷name:
@Override public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { if ("PlaceHolder".equals(name)) { return new TextView(this, attrs); } return super.onCreateView(name, context, attrs); }
這樣其實就不拘泥于名字可以自己創建對應的View,這樣其實可以用在多個module依賴的時候,如果在moduleA中得不到moduleB的某個自定義View,可以使用一個這樣的方式來在moudleA中暫時的用來做一個占位標記,在moduleB中做一個判斷。
同樣的,通過上面的代碼我們知道LayoutInflater是通過反射拿到構造方法來創建View的,那眾所周知反射是有性能損耗的,那么我們可以在onCreateView
方法中判斷名字直接new出來,當然也可以跟AppcompatActivity里面做的一樣,做一些兼容的操作來替換成不同版本的View:
public final View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context, View view = null; switch (name) { case "TextView": view = new AppCompatTextView(context, attrs); break; case "ImageView": view = new AppCompatImageView(context, attrs); break; case "Button": view = new AppCompatButton(context, attrs); break; case "EditText": view = new AppCompatEditText(context, attrs); break; case "Spinner": view = new AppCompatSpinner(context, attrs); break; case "ImageButton": view = new AppCompatImageButton(context, attrs); break; ... } ... return view; }
流程圖如下:
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