您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!
這篇“C語言字符串壓縮之ZSTD算法怎么使用”文章的知識點大部分人都不太理解,所以小編給大家總結了以下內容,內容詳細,步驟清晰,具有一定的借鑒價值,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章能有所收獲,下面我們一起來看看這篇“C語言字符串壓縮之ZSTD算法怎么使用”文章吧。
字符串壓縮,我們通常的需求有幾個,一是高壓縮率,二是壓縮速率高,三是解壓速率高。不過高壓縮率與高壓縮速率是魚和熊掌的關系,不可皆得,優秀的算法一般也是采用壓縮率與性能折中的方案。從壓縮率、壓縮速率、解壓速率考慮,zstd與lz4有較好的壓縮與解壓性能,最終選取zstd與lz4進行調研。
zstd是facebook開源的提供高壓縮比的快速壓縮算法,很想了解一下它在壓縮與解壓方面的實際表現。
ZSTD_compress屬于ZSTD的Simple API范疇,只有壓縮級別可以設置。
ZSTD_compress函數原型如下:
size_t ZSTD_compress(void* dst, size_t dstCapacity, const void* src, size_t srcSize, int compressionLevel)
ZSTD_decompress函數原型如下:
size_t ZSTD_decompress( void* dst, size_t dstCapacity, const void* src, size_t compressedSize); 我們先來看看zstd的壓縮與解壓縮示例。
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <zstd.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // compress size_t com_space_size; size_t peppa_pig_text_size; char *com_ptr = NULL; char peppa_pig_buf[2048] = "Narrator: It is raining today. So, Peppa and George cannot play outside.Peppa: Daddy, it's stopped raining. Can we go out to play?Daddy: Alright, run along you two.Narrator: Peppa loves jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: I love muddy puddles.Mummy: Peppa. If you jumping in muddy puddles, you must wear your boots.Peppa: Sorry, Mummy.Narrator: George likes to jump in muddy puddles, too.Peppa: George. If you jump in muddy puddles, you must wear your boots.Narrator: Peppa likes to look after her little brother, George.Peppa: George, let's find some more pud dles.Narrator: Peppa and George are having a lot of fun. Peppa has found a lttle puddle. George hasfound a big puddle.Peppa: Look, George. There's a really big puddle.Narrator: George wants to jump into the big puddle first.Peppa: Stop, George. | must check if it's safe for you. Good. It is safe for you. Sorry, George. It'sonly mud.Narrator: Peppa and George love jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: Come on, George. Let's go and show Daddy.Daddy: Goodness me.Peppa: Daddy. Daddy. Guess what we' ve been doing.Daddy: Let me think... Have you been wa tching television?Peppa: No. No. Daddy.Daddy: Have you just had a bath?Peppa: No. No.Daddy: | know. You've been jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: Yes. Yes. Daddy. We've been jumping in muddy puddles.Daddy: Ho. Ho. And look at the mess you're in.Peppa: Oooh....Daddy: Oh, well, it's only mud. Let's clean up quickly before Mummy sees the mess.Peppa: Daddy, when we've cleaned up, will you and Mummy Come and play, too?Daddy: Yes, we can all play in the garden.Narrator: Peppa and George are wearing their boots. Mummy and Daddy are wearing their boots.Peppa loves jumping up and down in muddy puddles. Everyone loves jumping up and down inmuddy puddles.Mummy: Oh, Daddy pig, look at the mess you're in. .Peppa: It's only mud."; peppa_pig_text_size = strlen(peppa_pig_buf); com_space_size= ZSTD_compressBound(peppa_pig_text_size); com_ptr = (char *)malloc(com_space_size); if(NULL == com_ptr) { cout << "compress malloc failed" << endl; return -1; } size_t com_size; com_size = ZSTD_compress(com_ptr, com_space_size, peppa_pig_buf, peppa_pig_text_size, ZSTD_fast); cout << "peppa pig text size:" << peppa_pig_text_size << endl; cout << "compress text size:" << com_size << endl; cout << "compress ratio:" << (float)peppa_pig_text_size / (float)com_size << endl << endl; // decompress char* decom_ptr = NULL; unsigned long long decom_buf_size; decom_buf_size = ZSTD_getFrameContentSize(com_ptr, com_size); decom_ptr = (char *)malloc((size_t)decom_buf_size); if(NULL == decom_ptr) { cout << "decompress malloc failed" << endl; return -1; } size_t decom_size; decom_size = ZSTD_decompress(decom_ptr, decom_buf_size, com_ptr, com_size); cout << "decompress text size:" << decom_size << endl; if(strncmp(peppa_pig_buf, decom_ptr, peppa_pig_text_size)) { cout << "decompress text is not equal peppa pig text" << endl; } free(com_ptr); free(decom_ptr); return 0; }
執行結果:
從結果可以發現,壓縮之前的peppa pig文本長度為1827,壓縮后的文本長度為759,壓縮率為2.4,解壓后的長度與壓縮前相等。
另外,上文提到可以調整ZSTD_compress函數的壓縮級別,zstd的默認級別為ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT = 3,最小值為0,最大值為ZSTD_MAX_CLEVEL = 22。另外也提供一些策略設置,例如 ZSTD_fast, ZSTD_greedy, ZSTD_lazy, ZSTD_lazy2, ZSTD_btlazy2。壓縮級別越高,壓縮率越高,但是壓縮速率越低。
上面探索了zstd的基礎壓縮與解壓方法,接下來再摸索一下zstd的壓縮與解壓縮性能。
測試方法是,使用ZSTD_compress連續壓縮同一段文本并持續10秒,最后得到每一秒的平均壓縮速率。測試壓縮性能的代碼示例如下:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <zstd.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int cnt = 0; size_t com_size; size_t com_space_size; size_t peppa_pig_text_size; char *com_ptr = NULL; char peppa_pig_buf[2048] = "Narrator: It is raining today. So, Peppa and George cannot play outside.Peppa: Daddy, it's stopped raining. Can we go out to play?Daddy: Alright, run along you two.Narrator: Peppa loves jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: I love muddy puddles.Mummy: Peppa. If you jumping in muddy puddles, you must wear your boots.Peppa: Sorry, Mummy.Narrator: George likes to jump in muddy puddles, too.Peppa: George. If you jump in muddy puddles, you must wear your boots.Narrator: Peppa likes to look after her little brother, George.Peppa: George, let's find some more pud dles.Narrator: Peppa and George are having a lot of fun. Peppa has found a lttle puddle. George hasfound a big puddle.Peppa: Look, George. There's a really big puddle.Narrator: George wants to jump into the big puddle first.Peppa: Stop, George. | must check if it's safe for you. Good. It is safe for you. Sorry, George. It'sonly mud.Narrator: Peppa and George love jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: Come on, George. Let's go and show Daddy.Daddy: Goodness me.Peppa: Daddy. Daddy. Guess what we' ve been doing.Daddy: Let me think... Have you been wa tching television?Peppa: No. No. Daddy.Daddy: Have you just had a bath?Peppa: No. No.Daddy: | know. You've been jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: Yes. Yes. Daddy. We've been jumping in muddy puddles.Daddy: Ho. Ho. And look at the mess you're in.Peppa: Oooh....Daddy: Oh, well, it's only mud. Let's clean up quickly before Mummy sees the mess.Peppa: Daddy, when we've cleaned up, will you and Mummy Come and play, too?Daddy: Yes, we can all play in the garden.Narrator: Peppa and George are wearing their boots. Mummy and Daddy are wearing their boots.Peppa loves jumping up and down in muddy puddles. Everyone loves jumping up and down inmuddy puddles.Mummy: Oh, Daddy pig, look at the mess you're in. .Peppa: It's only mud."; timeval st, et; peppa_pig_text_size = strlen(peppa_pig_buf); com_space_size= ZSTD_compressBound(peppa_pig_text_size); gettimeofday(&st, NULL); while(1) { com_ptr = (char *)malloc(com_space_size); com_size = ZSTD_compress(com_ptr, com_space_size, peppa_pig_buf, peppa_pig_text_size, ZSTD_fast); free(com_ptr); cnt++; gettimeofday(&et, NULL); if(et.tv_sec - st.tv_sec >= 10) { break; } } cout << "compress per second:" << cnt/10 << " times" << endl; return 0; }
執行結果:
結果顯示ZSTD的壓縮性能大概在每秒6-7萬次左右,這個結果其實并不是太理想。需要說明的是壓縮性能與待壓縮文本的長度、字符內容也是有關系的。
我們再來探索一下ZSTD的解壓縮性能。與上面的測試方法類似,先對本文進行壓縮,然后連續解壓同一段被壓縮過的數據并持續10秒,最后得到每一秒的平均解壓速率。測試解壓性能的代碼示例如下:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <zstd.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int cnt = 0; size_t com_size; size_t com_space_size; size_t peppa_pig_text_size; timeval st, et; char *com_ptr = NULL; char peppa_pig_buf[2048] = "Narrator: It is raining today. So, Peppa and George cannot play outside.Peppa: Daddy, it's stopped raining. Can we go out to play?Daddy: Alright, run along you two.Narrator: Peppa loves jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: I love muddy puddles.Mummy: Peppa. If you jumping in muddy puddles, you must wear your boots.Peppa: Sorry, Mummy.Narrator: George likes to jump in muddy puddles, too.Peppa: George. If you jump in muddy puddles, you must wear your boots.Narrator: Peppa likes to look after her little brother, George.Peppa: George, let's find some more pud dles.Narrator: Peppa and George are having a lot of fun. Peppa has found a lttle puddle. George hasfound a big puddle.Peppa: Look, George. There's a really big puddle.Narrator: George wants to jump into the big puddle first.Peppa: Stop, George. | must check if it's safe for you. Good. It is safe for you. Sorry, George. It'sonly mud.Narrator: Peppa and George love jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: Come on, George. Let's go and show Daddy.Daddy: Goodness me.Peppa: Daddy. Daddy. Guess what we' ve been doing.Daddy: Let me think... Have you been wa tching television?Peppa: No. No. Daddy.Daddy: Have you just had a bath?Peppa: No. No.Daddy: | know. You've been jumping in muddy puddles.Peppa: Yes. Yes. Daddy. We've been jumping in muddy puddles.Daddy: Ho. Ho. And look at the mess you're in.Peppa: Oooh....Daddy: Oh, well, it's only mud. Let's clean up quickly before Mummy sees the mess.Peppa: Daddy, when we've cleaned up, will you and Mummy Come and play, too?Daddy: Yes, we can all play in the garden.Narrator: Peppa and George are wearing their boots. Mummy and Daddy are wearing their boots.Peppa loves jumping up and down in muddy puddles. Everyone loves jumping up and down inmuddy puddles.Mummy: Oh, Daddy pig, look at the mess you're in. .Peppa: It's only mud."; size_t decom_size; char* decom_ptr = NULL; unsigned long long decom_buf_size; peppa_pig_text_size = strlen(peppa_pig_buf); com_space_size= ZSTD_compressBound(peppa_pig_text_size); com_ptr = (char *)malloc(com_space_size); com_size = ZSTD_compress(com_ptr, com_space_size, peppa_pig_buf, peppa_pig_text_size, 1); gettimeofday(&st, NULL); decom_buf_size = ZSTD_getFrameContentSize(com_ptr, com_size); while(1) { decom_ptr = (char *)malloc((size_t)decom_buf_size); decom_size = ZSTD_decompress(decom_ptr, decom_buf_size, com_ptr, com_size); if(decom_size != peppa_pig_text_size) { cout << "decompress error" << endl; break; } free(decom_ptr); cnt++; gettimeofday(&et, NULL); if(et.tv_sec - st.tv_sec >= 10) { break; } } cout << "decompress per second:" << cnt/10 << " times" << endl; free(com_ptr); return 0; }
執行結果:
結果顯示ZSTD的解壓縮性能大概在每秒12萬次左右,解壓性能比壓縮性能高。
zstd提供了一個名為PZSTD的壓縮和解壓工具。PZSTD(parallel zstd),并行壓縮的zstd,是一個使用多線程對待壓縮文本進行切片分段,且進行并行壓縮的命令行工具。
其實高版本(v1.4.0及以上)的zstd也提供了指定多線程對文本進行并行壓縮的相關API接口,也就是本小節要介紹的zstd高級API用法。下面我們再來探索一下zstd的多線程壓縮使用方法。
多線程并行壓縮的兩個關鍵API,一個是參數設置API,另一個是壓縮API。
參數設置API的原型是:
size_t ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(ZSTD_CCtx* cctx, ZSTD_cParameter param, int value)
壓縮API的原型是:
size_t ZSTD_compress2(ZSTD_CCtx* cctx, void* dst, size_t dstCapacity, const void* src, size_t srcSize)
下面給出zstd并行壓縮的示例demo,通過ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter設置線程數為3,即指定宏ZSTD_c_nbWorkers為3,通過ZSTD_compress2壓縮相關文本。另外,為了展示zstd確實使用了多線程,需要先讀取一個非常大的文件,作為zstd的壓縮文本源,盡量使zstd運行較長時間。
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <zstd.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { size_t com_size; size_t com_space_size; FILE *fp = NULL; unsigned int file_len; char *com_ptr = NULL; char *file_text_ptr = NULL; fp = fopen("xxxxxx", "r"); if(NULL == fp){ cout << "file open failed" << endl; return -1; } fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END); file_len = ftell(fp); fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); cout << "file length:" << file_len << endl; // malloc space for file content file_text_ptr = (char *)malloc(file_len); if(NULL == file_text_ptr) { cout << "malloc failed" << endl; return -1; } // malloc space for compress space com_space_size = ZSTD_compressBound(file_len); com_ptr = (char *)malloc(com_space_size); if(NULL == com_ptr) { cout << "malloc failed" << endl; return -1; } // read text from source file fread(file_text_ptr, 1, file_len, fp); fclose(fp); ZSTD_CCtx* cctx; cctx = ZSTD_createCCtx(); // set multi-thread parameter ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(cctx, ZSTD_c_nbWorkers, 3); ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(cctx, ZSTD_c_compressionLevel, ZSTD_btlazy2); com_size = ZSTD_compress2(cctx, com_ptr, com_space_size, file_text_ptr, file_len); free(com_ptr); free(file_text_ptr); return 0; }
運行上述demo,可見zstd確實啟動了3個線程對文本進行了并行壓縮。且設置的線程數越多,壓縮時間越短,這里就不詳細展示了,讀者可以自行實驗。
需要說明的是,zstd當前默認編譯單線程的庫文件,要實現多線程的API調用,需要在make的時候指定編譯參數ZSTD_MULTITHREAD。
另外,zstd還支持線程池的方式,線程池的函數原型:
POOL_ctx* ZSTD_createThreadPool(size_t numThreads)
線程池可以避免在多次、連續壓縮場景時頻繁的去創建線程、撤銷線程產生的非必要開銷,使得算力主要開銷在文本壓縮方面。
以上就是關于“C語言字符串壓縮之ZSTD算法怎么使用”這篇文章的內容,相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望小編分享的內容對大家有幫助,若想了解更多相關的知識內容,請關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
免責聲明:本站發布的內容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創、轉載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據,一經查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。