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本篇內容主要講解“怎么使用.NET Windbg分析某婦產醫院WPF內存溢出問題”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實用性強。下面就讓小編來帶大家學習“怎么使用.NET Windbg分析某婦產醫院WPF內存溢出問題”吧!
上個月有位朋友找到我，說他的程序存在內存溢出情況，尋求如何解決。
要解決還得通過 windbg 分析啦。
大家都知道內存溢出對應著 .NET 中的 OutOfMemoryException 異常，這種異常有可能是托管代碼手工拋出的，也有可能是CLR層面拋出的，言外之意就是可以通過兩種方式排查。
托管線程是否掛載著異常？
0:000> !t ThreadCount: 23 UnstartedThread: 0 BackgroundThread: 5 PendingThread: 0 DeadThread: 17 Hosted Runtime: no Lock ID OSID ThreadOBJ State GC Mode GC Alloc Context Domain Count Apt Exception 0 1 362c 00fac868 26020 Preemptive 7ED701A0:00000000 00fa6b60 0 STA 5 2 2d70 00fbeba0 2b220 Preemptive 7EBA7AC0:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA (Finalizer) 7 3 3264 061c8890 102a220 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA (Threadpool Worker) 17 15 3f98 19682b90 202b220 Preemptive 7EBB0830:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA XXXX 16 0 2845fb00 35820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn 18 14 a7c 2842b1c8 202b220 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA XXXX 6 0 2c9b3778 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 18 0 288a1318 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 23 0 288a22f0 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 10 0 2ccf3550 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 21 0 288a1860 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 12 0 288a1da8 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 11 0 2c993640 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 8 0 2ccf3a98 35820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn XXXX 9 0 2ccf2030 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 7 0 2c9aed88 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 26 0 28898308 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 25 0 2c492c68 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 4 0 2c993b88 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 20 0 2c9af2d0 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 17 0 2c9afd60 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) XXXX 24 0 2c9b1280 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker) 23 22 2658 2c9b02a8 1029220 Preemptive 7ED5BFF8:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA (Threadpool Worker)
從輸出信息看，這些線程并沒有掛載任何托管異常，我去。。。
是否在 CLR 上拋出
這主要是看 托管堆(heap) 上的內存分配或者gc回收造成的內存不足，可以用 !ao 命令。
0:000> !ao There was no managed OOM due to allocations on the GC heap
從輸出信息看也沒有任何異常，尷尬了????????????。。。 尼瑪，那到底是因為什么呢？
出現這種尷尬情況，我只能懷疑生成這個dump的時候并沒有get到那個點，或者是我的知識邊界有限，不過天無絕人之路，不在那個 點 也肯定在那個 點 附近，對吧，接下來用 !address -summary 看一下內存使用的歸類信息。
0:000> !address -summary --- Usage Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal <unknown> 1520 4c185000 ( 1.189 GB) 65.57% 59.45% Image 4306 1f140000 ( 497.250 MB) 26.78% 24.28% Free 1133 bf17000 ( 191.090 MB) 9.33% Heap 617 7626000 ( 118.148 MB) 6.36% 5.77% Stack 72 1740000 ( 23.250 MB) 1.25% 1.14% Other 34 7b000 ( 492.000 kB) 0.03% 0.02% TEB 24 30000 ( 192.000 kB) 0.01% 0.01% PEB 1 3000 ( 12.000 kB) 0.00% 0.00% --- Type Summary (for busy) ------ RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal MEM_MAPPED 549 34b60000 ( 843.375 MB) 45.42% 41.18% MEM_PRIVATE 1718 20424000 ( 516.141 MB) 27.80% 25.20% MEM_IMAGE 4307 1f155000 ( 497.332 MB) 26.78% 24.28% --- State Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal MEM_COMMIT 4904 66ddd000 ( 1.607 GB) 88.64% 80.37% MEM_RESERVE 1670 d2fc000 ( 210.984 MB) 11.36% 10.30% MEM_FREE 1133 bf17000 ( 191.090 MB) 9.33% --- Protect Summary (for commit) - RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal PAGE_READONLY 2272 382cf000 ( 898.809 MB) 48.41% 43.89% PAGE_READWRITE 1572 1eead000 ( 494.676 MB) 26.64% 24.15% PAGE_EXECUTE_READ 218 dd59000 ( 221.348 MB) 11.92% 10.81% PAGE_WRITECOPY 449 133e000 ( 19.242 MB) 1.04% 0.94% PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE 188 ab4000 ( 10.703 MB) 0.58% 0.52% PAGE_NOACCESS 156 9c000 ( 624.000 kB) 0.03% 0.03% PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_GUARD 48 78000 ( 480.000 kB) 0.03% 0.02% PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_WRITECOMBINE 1 2000 ( 8.000 kB) 0.00% 0.00% --- Largest Region by Usage ----------- Base Address -------- Region Size ---------- <unknown> 1d200000 a001000 ( 160.004 MB) Image fed1000 36e4000 ( 54.891 MB) Free 33dfe000 1082000 ( 16.508 MB) Heap 3da84000 a1b000 ( 10.105 MB) Stack 1a10000 fd000 (1012.000 kB) Other 7fa40000 33000 ( 204.000 kB) TEB a4c000 3000 ( 12.000 kB) PEB a3d000 3000 ( 12.000 kB)
從上面的 MEM_COMMIT=1.607 GB 80.37% 信息看，當前內存占用 1.6G，占比 80.37%，可以看出它受到了一個 2G內存 的限制，而且從 !t 輸出中的內存地址看，當前是 32bit 程序，所以這是一個經典的: 64系統跑著32位程序被2G內存限制 的問題。
要尋找答案，還得看最權威的 MSDN:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/memory/memory-limits-for-windows-releases?redirectedfrom=MSDN
破局 還得設置程序的 IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE 標記。
關于具體怎么設置，我找了三種方法。
使用 LargeAddressAware 安裝包
使用 editbin
可以在 vs 的生成事件中輸入 editbin /largeaddressaware $(TargetPath)。
使用代碼方式
這種可以直接給生成好的 exe 增加 LargeAddressAware 標記，除了標記，還能檢測，????????
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace PEFile
{
public class LargeAddressAware
{
public static bool IsLargeAddressAware(string filePath)
{
bool isLargeAddressAware = false;
PrepareStream(filePath, (stream, binaryReader) => isLargeAddressAware = (binaryReader.ReadInt16() & 0x20) != 0);
return isLargeAddressAware;
}
public static void SetLargeAddressAware(string filePath)
{
PrepareStream(filePath, (stream, binaryReader) =>
{
var value = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
if ((value & 0x20) == 0)
{
value = (short)(value | 0x20);
stream.Position -= 2;
var binaryWriter = new BinaryWriter(stream);
binaryWriter.Write(value);
binaryWriter.Flush();
}
});
}
private static void PrepareStream(string filePath, Action<Stream, BinaryReader> action)
{
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.Read))
{
if (stream.Length < 0x3C)
{
return;
}
var binaryReader = new BinaryReader(stream);
// MZ header
if (binaryReader.ReadInt16() != 0x5A4D)
{
return;
}
stream.Position = 0x3C;
var peHeaderLocation = binaryReader.ReadInt32();
stream.Position = peHeaderLocation;
// PE header
if (binaryReader.ReadInt32() != 0x4550)
{
return;
}
stream.Position += 0x12;
action(stream, binaryReader);
}
}
}
}到此，相信大家對“怎么使用.NET Windbg分析某婦產醫院WPF內存溢出問題”有了更深的了解，不妨來實際操作一番吧！這里是億速云網站，更多相關內容可以進入相關頻道進行查詢，關注我們，繼續學習！
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