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這篇文章主要講解了“angular路由模塊怎么用”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“angular路由模塊怎么用”吧!
在 Angular 中,路由是以模塊為單位
的,每個模塊都可以有自己的路由。
1、創建頁面組件、Layout 組件以及 Navigation 組件,供路由使用
創建首頁頁面組件ng g c pages/home
創建關于我們頁面組件ng g c pages/about
創建布局組件ng g c pages/layout
創建導航組件ng g c pages/navigation
2、創建路由規則
// app.module.ts import { Routes } from "@angular/router" const routes: Routes = [ { path: "home", component: HomeComponent }, { path: "about", component: AboutComponent } ]
3、引入路由模塊并啟動
// app.module.ts import { RouterModule, Routes } from "@angular/router" @NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes, { useHash: true })], }) export class AppModule {}
4、添加路由插座
<!-- 路由插座即占位組件 匹配到的路由組件將會顯示在這個地方 --> <router-outlet></router-outlet>
5、在導航組件中定義鏈接
<a routerLink="/home">首頁</a> <a routerLink="/about">關于我們</a>
1、重定向
const routes: Routes = [ { path: "home", component: HomeComponent }, { path: "about", component: AboutComponent }, { path: "", // 重定向 redirectTo: "home", // 完全匹配 pathMatch: "full" } ]
2、404 頁面
const routes: Routes = [ { path: "home", component: HomeComponent }, { path: "about", component: AboutComponent }, { path: "**", component: NotFoundComponent } ]
1、查詢參數
<a routerLink="/about" [queryParams]="{ name: 'kitty' }">關于我們</a>
import { ActivatedRoute } from "@angular/router" export class AboutComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {} ngOnInit(): void { this.route.queryParamMap.subscribe(query => { query.get("name") }) } }
2、動態參數
const routes: Routes = [ { path: "home", component: HomeComponent }, { path: "about/:name", component: AboutComponent } ]
<a [routerLink]="['/about', 'zhangsan']">關于我們</a>
import { ActivatedRoute } from "@angular/router" export class AboutComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {} ngOnInit(): void { this.route.paramMap.subscribe(params => { params.get("name") }) } }
路由嵌套指的是如何定義子級路由
。
const routes: Routes = [ { path: "about", component: AboutComponent, children: [ { path: "introduce", component: IntroduceComponent }, { path: "history", component: HistoryComponent } ] } ]
<!-- about.component.html --> <app-layout> <p>about works!</p> <a routerLink="/about/introduce">公司簡介</a> <a routerLink="/about/history">發展歷史</a> <div> <router-outlet></router-outlet> </div> </app-layout>
命名插座
將子級路由組件顯示到不同的路由插座中。
{ path: "about", component: AboutComponent, children: [ { path: "introduce", component: IntroduceComponent, outlet: "left" }, { path: "history", component: HistoryComponent, outlet: "right" } ] }
<!-- about.component.html --> <app-layout> <p>about works!</p> <router-outlet name="left"></router-outlet> <router-outlet name="right"></router-outlet> </app-layout>
<a [routerLink]="[ '/about', { outlets: { left: ['introduce'], right: ['history'] } } ]" >關于我們 </a>
<!-- app.component.html --> <button (click)="jump()">跳轉到發展歷史</button>
// app.component.ts import { Router } from "@angular/router" export class HomeComponent { constructor(private router: Router) {} jump() { this.router.navigate(["/about/history"], { queryParams: { name: "Kitty" } }) } }
將根模塊中的路由配置抽象成一個單獨的路由模塊,稱之為根路由模塊
,然后在根模塊中引入根路由模塊。
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core" import { HomeComponent } from "./pages/home/home.component" import { NotFoundComponent } from "./pages/not-found/not-found.component" const routes: Routes = [ { path: "", component: HomeComponent }, { path: "**", component: NotFoundComponent } ] @NgModule({ declarations: [], imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes, { useHash: true })], // 導出 Angular 路由功能模塊,因為在根模塊的根組件中使用了 RouterModule 模塊中提供的路由插座組件 exports: [RouterModule] }) export class AppRoutingModule {}
import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser" import { NgModule } from "@angular/core" import { AppComponent } from "./app.component" import { AppRoutingModule } from "./app-routing.module" import { HomeComponent } from "./pages/home/home.component" import { NotFoundComponent } from "./pages/not-found/not-found.component" @NgModule({ declarations: [AppComponent,HomeComponent, NotFoundComponent], imports: [BrowserModule, AppRoutingModule], providers: [], bootstrap: [AppComponent] }) export class AppModule {}
路由懶加載是以模塊
為單位的。
1、創建用戶模塊 ng g m user --routing=true
一并創建該模塊的路由模塊
2、創建登錄頁面組件 ng g c user/pages/login
3、創建注冊頁面組件 ng g c user/pages/register
4、配置用戶模塊的路由規則
import { NgModule } from "@angular/core" import { Routes, RouterModule } from "@angular/router" import { LoginComponent } from "./pages/login/login.component" import { RegisterComponent } from "./pages/register/register.component" const routes: Routes = [ { path: "login", component: LoginComponent }, { path: "register", component: RegisterComponent } ] @NgModule({ imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)], exports: [RouterModule] }) export class UserRoutingModule {}
5、將用戶路由模塊關聯到主路由模塊
// app-routing.module.ts const routes: Routes = [ { path: "user", loadChildren: () => import("./user/user.module").then(m => m.UserModule) } ]
6、在導航組件中添加訪問鏈接
<a routerLink="/user/login">登錄</a> <a routerLink="/user/register">注冊</a>
路由守衛會告訴路由是否允許導航到請求的路由。
路由守方法可以返回 boolean
或 Observable <boolean>
或 Promise <boolean>
,它們在將來的某個時間點解析為布爾值。
1、CanActivate
檢查用戶是否可以訪問某一個路由
。
CanActivate 為接口
,路由守衛類要實現該接口,該接口規定類中需要有 canActivate 方法,方法決定是否允許訪問目標路由。
路由可以應用多個守衛
,所有守衛方法都允許,路由才被允許訪問,有一個守衛方法不允許,則路由不允許被訪問。
創建路由守衛:ng g guard guards/auth
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core" import { CanActivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree, Router } from "@angular/router" import { Observable } from "rxjs" @Injectable({ providedIn: "root" }) export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate { constructor(private router: Router) {} canActivate(): boolean | UrlTree { // 用于實現跳轉 return this.router.createUrlTree(["/user/login"]) // 禁止訪問目標路由 return false // 允許訪問目標路由 return true } }
{ path: "about", component: AboutComponent, canActivate: [AuthGuard] }
2、CanActivateChild
檢查用戶是否方可訪問某個子路由。
創建路由守衛:ng g guard guards/admin
注意:選擇 CanActivateChild,需要將箭頭移動到這個選項并且敲擊空格確認選擇。
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core" import { CanActivateChild, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree } from "@angular/router" import { Observable } from "rxjs" @Injectable({ providedIn: "root" }) export class AdminGuard implements CanActivateChild { canActivateChild(): boolean | UrlTree { return true } }
{ path: "about", component: AboutComponent, canActivateChild: [AdminGuard], children: [ { path: "introduce", component: IntroduceComponent } ] }
3、CanDeactivate
檢查用戶是否可以退出路由。
比如用戶在表單中輸入的內容沒有保存,用戶又要離開路由,此時可以調用該守衛提示用戶。
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core" import { CanDeactivate, ActivatedRouteSnapshot, RouterStateSnapshot, UrlTree } from "@angular/router" import { Observable } from "rxjs" export interface CanComponentLeave { canLeave: () => boolean } @Injectable({ providedIn: "root" }) export class UnsaveGuard implements CanDeactivate<CanComponentLeave> { canDeactivate(component: CanComponentLeave): boolean { if (component.canLeave()) { return true } return false } }
{ path: "", component: HomeComponent, canDeactivate: [UnsaveGuard] }
import { CanComponentLeave } from "src/app/guards/unsave.guard" export class HomeComponent implements CanComponentLeave { myForm: FormGroup = new FormGroup({ username: new FormControl() }) canLeave(): boolean { if (this.myForm.dirty) { if (window.confirm("有數據未保存, 確定要離開嗎")) { return true } else { return false } } return true }
4、Resolve
允許在進入路由之前先獲取數據,待數據獲取完成之后再進入路由。
ng g resolver <name>
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core" import { Resolve } from "@angular/router" type returnType = Promise<{ name: string }> @Injectable({ providedIn: "root" }) export class ResolveGuard implements Resolve<returnType> { resolve(): returnType { return new Promise(function (resolve) { setTimeout(() => { resolve({ name: "張三" }) }, 2000) }) } }
{ path: "", component: HomeComponent, resolve: { user: ResolveGuard } }
export class HomeComponent { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute) {} ngOnInit(): void { console.log(this.route.snapshot.data.user) } }
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“angular路由模塊怎么用”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對angular路由模塊怎么用這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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