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Linux系統dd命令該怎么用,相信很多沒有經驗的人對此束手無策,為此本文總結了問題出現的原因和解決方法,通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
參數注釋:
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=) cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list count=N copy only N input blocks ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512) if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin(默認為標準輸入) iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512) of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout(默認為標準輸出) oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input status=WHICH WHICH info to suppress outputting to stderr; 'noxfer' suppresses transfer stats, 'none' suppresses all
CONVS的可選參數
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline lcase change upper case to lower case nocreat do not create the output file excl fail if the output file already exists notrunc do not truncate the output file ucase change lower case to upper case sparse try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks swab swap every pair of input bytes noerror continue after read errors sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing fsync likewise, but also write metadata
FLAGS的可選參數
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested) direct use direct I/O for data directory fail unless a directory dsync use synchronized I/O for data sync likewise, but also for metadata fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only) nonblock use non-blocking I/O noatime do not update access time noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file nofollow do not follow symlinks count_bytes treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
注意:指定數字的地方若以下列字符結尾,則乘以相應的數字:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y
二、使用實例
1、將本地的/dev/hdb整盤備份到/dev/hdd
dd` `if``=``/dev/hdb` `of=``/dev/hdd
2、將/dev/hdb全盤數據備份到指定路徑的image文件
dd` `if``=``/dev/hdb` `of=``/root/image
3、備份/dev/hdb全盤數據,并利用gzip工具進行壓縮,保存到指定路徑
dd` `if``=``/dev/hdb` `| ``gzip` `> ``/root/image``.gz
4、把一個文件拆分為3個文件
#文件大小為2.3k [Oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ll db1_db_links.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2344 Nov 21 10:39 db1_db_links.sql #把這個文件拆成每個文件1k,bs=1k,count=1,使用skip參數指定在輸入文件中跳過多少個bs支讀取 [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd01.sql bs=1k count=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 4.5536e-05 s, 22.5 MB/s [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd02.sql bs=1k count=1 skip=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000146387 s, 7.0 MB/s [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd if=db1_db_links.sql of=dd03.sql bs=1k count=1 skip=2 0+1 records in 0+1 records out 296 bytes (296 B) copied, 0.000204216 s, 1.4 MB/s #拆分出的文件 [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ll dd*sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 May 20 14:58 dd01.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 May 20 14:58 dd02.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 296 May 20 14:58 dd03.sql
5、把拆分出的文件合并為1個
#合并操作,此時用到seek參數,用于指定在輸入文件中跳過的bs數 [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd01.sql 2+0 records in 2+0 records out 1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000176 s, 5.8 MB/s [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd02.sql bs=1k seek=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000124038 s, 8.3 MB/s [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ dd of=1.sql if=dd03.sql bs=1k seek=2 0+1 records in 0+1 records out 296 bytes (296 B) copied, 0.00203881 s, 145 kB/s #與拆分前的文件進行校驗 [oracle@rhel6 ~]$ diff 1.sql db1_db_links.sql [oracle@rhel6 ~]$
6、在輸出文件中指定的位置插入數據,而不截斷輸出文件
需要使用conv=notrunc參數
[oracle@rhel6 ~]$ ``dd` `if``=2.sql of=1.sql bs=1k seek=1 count=2 conv=notrunc
看完上述內容,你們掌握Linux系統dd命令該怎么用的方法了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或想了解更多相關內容,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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