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這篇文章主要講解了“Linux系統磁盤的知識點有哪些”，文中的講解內容簡單清晰，易于學習與理解，下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入，一起來研究和學習“Linux系統磁盤的知識點有哪些”吧！
目前市場上的磁盤分類有：IDE磁盤（多用于PC機）、SATA磁盤、SAS磁盤、SSD磁盤等這么幾種分類，企業中服務器大多為后面的兩種，SATA磁盤多用于企業內部的一些業務、SAS磁盤多用于對外的業務（一些業務平臺）。
SATA磁盤目前容量最大為4T、SAS磁盤一般都在300G–600G居多，企業生產環境中使用也最多的是這種容量的，實際生產中磁盤的使用主要是看性能需求，也就是磁盤的讀寫速度。
企業級服務器多塊磁盤的情況
磁盤的結構一般包括磁道、盤面、扇區、碰頭等
一個磁道的大小=512 字節*扇區數
一個盤面的大小=磁道的大小*磁道數
一個磁盤的大小=盤面大小*磁頭數
因此，一個磁盤的容量=512 字節扇區數磁道數*磁頭數
所有磁盤的分區信息都是存儲在分區表中，Linux系統僅支持4個分區表信息（主分區+擴展分區），一個分區表的大小在64bytes
Linux一般分為三個分區分別是：boot分區、swap分區、/根分區
Linux的分區編號：主分區1-4，邏輯分區從5開始計算
實際生產環境分區要求
1、 最少要有/和swap兩個分區
2、 swap（虛擬內存）=1.5*物理內存大小，一般大小于或等于16G的物理內存的服務器，swap分區一般都直接設置為16G大小
3、 建議設置/boot分區，Linux引導分區，如內核文件等，一般所有文件一共才幾十M的大小，因此這個分區就設置為100-200M即可
fdisk是針對磁盤容量小于2T
[root@cairui ~]# fdisk --helpfdisk: invalid option -- '-'fdisk: Usage: fdisk [options] change partition table fdisk [options] -l list partition table(s) fdisk -s give partition size(s) in blocks Options: -b sector size (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096) -c switch off DOS-compatible mode -h print help-u give sizes in sectors instead of cylinders -v print version -C specify the number of cylinders -H specify the number of heads -S specify the number of sectors per track : Success
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda1 #對/dev/sda1進行分區操作Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x02fadd9c.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition #刪除一個分區l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition #新建一個分區o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table #打印出分區表信息q quit without saving changes #不保存退出s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit #將分區信息寫入分區表并退出程序
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 設置起始柱面
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):
設置大小或柱面
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exitx extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Command (m for help): p 打印分區表信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
121 / 753
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb712cc55
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
分區完成后執行 partprobe 通知系統分區表發生改變
接下來進行格式化分區
[root@Centos ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@Centos ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
[root@Centos ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt 掛載分區至/mnt 下[root@Centos ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 50G 3.5G 44G 8% /
tmpfs 932M 0 932M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
122 / 753
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home 26G 215M 24G 1% /home
/dev/sdb1 20G 172M 19G 1% /mnt由于環境限制無法有2T或者以上大小的磁盤，只能模擬環境來使用parted分區工具來進行分區
[root@Centos ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt將磁盤轉換成 gpt 的格式 [root@Centos ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 200（200M）Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel? Ignore [root@Centos ~]# parted /dev/sdb p 打印分區表信息Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 200MB 200MB primary [root@Centos ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 201 1073分區并設置大小 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. [root@Centos ~]# parted /dev/sdb p 打印分區表信息Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1074MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 200MB 200MB primary 2 201MB 1073MB 871MB primary [root@Centos ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) 123 / 753 Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 48960 inodes, 195296 blocks 9764 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008 24 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2040 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (4096 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@Centos ~]# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/sdb1tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Setting maximal mount count to -1 [root@Centos ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt[root@Centos ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 50G 3.5G 44G 8% / tmpfs 932M 0 932M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home 26G 215M 24G 1% /home /dev/sdb1 185M 5.6M 170M 4% /mnt [root@cairui ~]# parted --helpUsage: parted [OPTION]... [DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]...]...] Apply COMMANDs with PARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s) are given, run ininteractive mode. OPTIONs: -h, --help displays this help message -l, --list lists partition layout on all block devices -m, --machine displays machine parseable output -s, --script never prompts for user intervention -v, --version displays the version -a, --align=[none|cyl|min|opt] alignment for new partitions COMMANDs: align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partitionhelp [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAMEprint [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to editset NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
感謝各位的閱讀，以上就是“Linux系統磁盤的知識點有哪些”的內容了，經過本文的學習后，相信大家對Linux系統磁盤的知識點有哪些這一問題有了更深刻的體會，具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云，小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章，歡迎關注！
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