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這篇文章主要講解了“busybox怎么使用”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“busybox怎么使用”吧!
什么是基礎鏡像(base image)
簡單來說,基礎鏡像就是沒有from或者from scratch開頭的dockerfile所構建出來的鏡像。比如alpine,這個很小的linux鏡像目前只有4m左右
[root@kong ~]# docker images |grep alpine docker.io/alpine latest 3fd9065eaf02 4 months ago 4.15 mb [root@kong ~]#
它的dockerfile很簡單,只有三行,這就是一個基礎鏡像,
from scratch add rootfs.tar.xz / cmd ["/bin/sh"]
busybox
概要說明
busybox被稱為嵌入式linux的瑞士軍刀,這句話是在busybox自己介紹自己的時候提出的(the swiss army knife of embedded linux)。busybox整合了很多小的unix下的通用功能到一個小的可執行文件之中,簡單來說在unix或者linux下常用的那些功能在這里你都能找到,但是為了busybox的目標:嵌入式的linux,大小對于busybox來說是非常重要的優化要素和限制,這些功能有可能會有所閹割,但是對于一般需求來說已經足夠。而alpine就是在busybox基礎上增加了自己的包管理工具apk等功能創建了風靡一時的小巧鏡像。busybox是用c語言開發的基于gpl的開源項目,目前的穩定版本為1.28.4
宿主機器
[root@kong ~]# uname -a linux kong 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 smp tue aug 22 21:09:27 utc 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 gnu/linux [root@kong ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release centos linux release 7.4.1708 (core) [root@kong ~]#
下載busybox
簡單可以直接使用的二進制最新的版本為1.28.1
[root@kong ~]# wget https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.28.1-defconfig-multiarch/busybox-x86_64 --2018-05-25 04:51:20-- https://busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.28.1-defconfig-multiarch/busybox-x86_64 resolving busybox.net (busybox.net)... 140.211.167.122 connecting to busybox.net (busybox.net)|140.211.167.122|:443... connected. http request sent, awaiting response... 200 ok length: 1001112 (978k) saving to: 'busybox-x86_64' 100%[==============================================================================================>] 1,001,112 19.3kb/s in 30s 2018-05-25 04:51:57 (32.4 kb/s) - 'busybox-x86_64' saved [1001112/1001112] [root@kong ~]#
設定busybox
[root@kong ~]# cp busybox-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/busybox [root@kong ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/busybox [root@kong ~]# which busybox /usr/local/bin/busybox [root@kong ~]#
版本確認
輸入busybox可以看出版本以及熟悉的linux下的工具,仔細看一遍就會理解busybox號稱自己是瑞士軍刀一點都不夸張,反過來說,瑞士軍刀如果敢號稱linux里的busybox可能會引起非議。
[root@kong ~]# busybox busybox v1.28.1 (2018-02-15 14:34:02 cet) multi-call binary. busybox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2015. licensed under gplv2. see source distribution for detailed copyright notices. usage: busybox [function [arguments]...] or: busybox --list[-full] or: busybox --install [-s] [dir] or: function [arguments]... busybox is a multi-call binary that combines many common unix utilities into a single executable. most people will create a link to busybox for each function they wish to use and busybox will act like whatever it was invoked as. currently defined functions: [, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, arch, arp, arping, ash, awk, base64, basename, beep, blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, factor, fakeidentd, fallocate, false, fatattr, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hexedit, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, i2cdetect, i2cdump, i2cget, i2cset, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install, ionice, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, ipneigh, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last, less, link, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lsof, lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif, nanddump, nandwrite, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nl, nmeter, nohup, nproc, nsenter, nslookup, ntpd, nuke, od, openvt, partprobe, passwd, paste, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap, popmaildir, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, remove-shell, renice, reset, resize, resume, rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-init, run-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfattr, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setpriv, setserial, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, showkey, shred, shuf, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort, split, ssl_client, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svc, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true, truncate, tty, ttysize, tunctl, ubiattach, ubidetach, ubimkvol, ubirename, ubirmvol, ubirsvol, ubiupdatevol, udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, uevent, umount, uname, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, users, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, w, wall, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, whois, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip [root@kong ~]
創建rootfs
這張圖在鏡像基礎介紹的時候已經被無數次看到了,rootfs是linux中重要的概念,而alpine中也有add rootfs.tar.xz這樣一句,接下來我們將了解一下如何生成一個簡單的rootfs
創建目錄并進入
[root@kong ~]# mkdir rootfs [root@kong ~]# cd rootfs/ [root@kong rootfs]#
創建rootfs
執行如下語句
for module in `busybox --list-modules` do mkdir -p `dirname "$module"` ln -sf /bin/busybox "$module" done
執行日志
[root@kong rootfs]# for module in `busybox --list-modules` > do > mkdir -p `dirname "$module"` > ln -sf /bin/busybox "$module" > done [root@kong rootfs]#
結果確認
[root@kong rootfs]# ls bin linuxrc sbin usr [root@kong rootfs]# find . -type d . ./usr ./usr/bin ./usr/sbin ./sbin ./bin [root@kong rootfs]#
將busybox拷貝至新創建的./bin目錄下
這樣,上述命令的鏈接對象就存在了
[root@kong rootfs]# cp /usr/local/bin/busybox bin/ [root@kong rootfs]# ls -l bin/busybox -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1001112 may 25 05:27 bin/busybox [root@kong rootfs]#
創建rootfs.tar
此處注意相對路徑,而后續次相對路徑會展開至/下,從而創建新的系統的rootfs,這也是從零搭建linux(linux from scratch)的重要操作之一。
[root@kong rootfs]# tar cpf rootfs.tar . tar: ./rootfs.tar: file is the archive; not dumped [root@kong rootfs]#
簡單說明:busybox –list-modules列出了busybox的所有模塊,然后以此為基礎,創建了一個小型的rootfs
[root@kong rootfs]# busybox –list-modules |wc -l
389
[root@kong rootfs]#
準備dockerfile
準備一個一行的dockerfile
[root@kong rootfs]# vi dockerfile [root@kong rootfs]# cat dockerfile from scratch [root@kong rootfs]#
創建base鏡像,由于沒有發現具體的內容,所以未創建出具體鏡像。另外,本文為了演示方便,直接在此處創建dockerfile,這并不是一個好主意,實際的時候請不要這樣做,如果當前目錄下有100g的文件,就會無比緩慢,而且也不規范,無關物品需要清場。
[root@kong rootfs]# docker build -t busyboxbase:latest . sending build context to docker daemon 2.415 mb step 1/1 : from scratch ---> no image was generated. is your dockerfile empty? [root@kong rootfs]# docker images |grep busyboxbase [root@kong rootfs]#
from scracth
有from,這個scratch可以pull么,目前的版本已經將其作為一個保留名稱
[root@kong rootfs]# docker search scratch |grep 'an explicitly empty' docker.io docker.io/scratch an explicitly empty image, especially for ... 407 [ok] [root@kong rootfs]# docker pull scratch using default tag: latest error response from daemon: 'scratch' is a reserved name [root@kong rootfs]#
將此dockerfile添加一行沒有實際作用的,看看scratch到底是什么
[root@kong rootfs]# vi dockerfile [root@kong rootfs]# cat dockerfile from scratch maintainer liumiao <liumiaocn@outlook.com> [root@kong rootfs]#
進行構建,發現產生了一個0字節的鏡像文件,也與scratch的原意相通
[root@kong rootfs]# docker build -t busyboxbase:latest . sending build context to docker daemon 2.415 mb step 1/2 : from scratch ---> step 2/2 : maintainer liumiao <liumiaocn@outlook.com> ---> running in b118fd7c73a7 ---> 2074dc76c09e removing intermediate container b118fd7c73a7 successfully built 2074dc76c09e [root@kong rootfs]# docker images |grep busyboxbase busyboxbase latest 2074dc76c09e 14 seconds ago 0 b [root@kong rootfs]#
至此,我們理解了from scratch確實不會有額外的添加,接下來我們像alpine那樣添加如下兩句
add rootfs.tar / cmd ["/bin/sh"]
我們的dockerfile也是幾乎一樣的三行
[root@kong rootfs]# cat dockerfile from scratch add rootfs.tar / cmd ["/bin/sh"] [root@kong rootfs]#
這樣就創建了一個1m的busybox為基礎的鏡像
[root@kong rootfs]# docker build -t busyboxbase:latest . sending build context to docker daemon 2.415 mb step 1/3 : from scratch ---> step 2/3 : add rootfs.tar / ---> 0fbb0c8c7579 removing intermediate container 8311e96f456c step 3/3 : cmd /bin/sh ---> running in efb85c4526bf ---> 02270c80a4e4 removing intermediate container efb85c4526bf successfully built 02270c80a4e4 [root@kong rootfs]# docker images |grep busyboxbase busyboxbase latest 02270c80a4e4 9 seconds ago 1.01 mb [root@kong rootfs]#
運行并使用
使用docker run發現此鏡像所啟動的容器并無異常之處
[root@kong rootfs]# docker run --rm -it busyboxbase sh / # hostname b7f9e9646746 / # uname -a linux b7f9e9646746 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 smp tue aug 22 21:09:27 utc 2017 x86_64 gnu/linux / #
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“busybox怎么使用”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對busybox怎么使用這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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