如何使用sentry對hive進行權限管理？

如何使用sentry對hive進行權限管理？相信很多新手小白對此束手無策，通過這篇文章的總結，希望你能找到解決的方法。

背景：
1、Apache Sentry是Cloudera公司發布的一個Hadoop開源組件，它提供了細粒度級、基于角色的授權以及多租戶的管理模式，
2、Sentry當前可以和Hive/Hcatalog、Apache Solr 和Cloudera Impala集成， 為這些組件提供權限管理服務。
3、基于角色的管理（role-based acess control）通過創建角色，將每個組件的權限授予給此角色，然后在用戶(組)中添加此角色，用戶便具備此角色訪問組件的權限，
4、使用sentry對hive進行權限管理時，這里的組件可以是整個server，也可以是單個db,或者單張table.

測試如下：
1.1 查看全部數據庫
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "show databases;"

我嘗試的先創建一個庫 報錯如下：
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create database test;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User hive does not have privileges for CREATEDATABASE   用戶配置單元沒有CREATEDATABASE的特權
The required privileges: Server=uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1->action=create->grantOption=false; (state=42000,code=40000)
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

1.2 查看全部角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "show roles;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| role  |
+-------+
+-------+
No rows selected (1.151 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000
// 用戶角色為空

1.3 查看當前角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "show current roles;"
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
| role  |
+-------+
+-------+
No rows selected (0.446 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000
// 顯示當前沒有任何的角色

1.4 查看當前用戶
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "select current_user();"
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+-------+
|  _c0  |
+-------+
| hive  |
+-------+
1 row selected (1.124 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

// 當前操作hiveserver2的用戶是hive

1. hive用戶授予管理員權限
   2.1 創建管理員角色admin
   beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE admin;"

2.2 為admin角色授予全部server權限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive        // 進入到hiveserver2的內部之后執行如下：
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> grant all on server uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 to role admin;
No rows affected (0.491 seconds)

2.3 為hive用戶賦予admin角色
//經過這一步，hive用戶已經可以作為管理員用戶執行全部數據和權限操作。
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE admin TO GROUP hive;"

create table student(
Sno char(9) COMMENT '用戶ID',
Sname char(20) ,
Ssex char(2),
Sage int,
Sdept char(20)
);

insert into student values(200215121,'李勇','男',20,'CS');

沒有出現中文亂碼的問題，請測
驗證方式需要：
show create table xxx;
desc xxx;
desc formatted xxx;
查看3種方式是不是都沒有中文亂碼的問題

1. 創建測試數據庫（使用hive用戶創建）
   3.1 創建測試db1,db2
   //使用管理員用戶登陸，創建db1,db2兩個數據庫。
   beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create database db1;create database db2;"

// 創建測試表，并插入數據

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create table db1.t1(id string);"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "insert into  db1.t1  values ('t1_001'),('t1_002');"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "create table db2.t2(id string);"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "insert into  db2.t2  values ('t2_001'),('t2_002');"

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> use db1;
No rows affected (0.173 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show tables;
+-----------+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+
| t1        |
+-----------+
1 row selected (0.208 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> select * from t1;
+---------+
|  t1.id  |
+---------+
| t1_001  |
| t1_002  |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.294 seconds)

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> select * from db2.t2;
+---------+
|  t2.id  |
+---------+
| t2_001  |
| t2_002  |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.304 seconds)

3.2 master1,master2節點上創建linux測試用戶user1, user2
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin user1

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin user2

cat /etc/passwd
user1:x:1004:1005::/home/user1:/sbin/nologin
user2:x:1005:1006::/home/user2:/sbin/nologin

3.3 hive中創建兩個角色，分別授予不同的角色權限
//創建角色role1, 授予其對db1的管理權限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE role1;"
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "grant all on database db1 to role role1 with grant option;"

//創建角色role2, 授予其對db2的管理權限
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "CREATE ROLE role2;"
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "grant all on database db2 to role role2 with grant option;"

// show grant role role1; (查看role1角色的權限列表)
// show grant role role2; (查看role2角色的權限列表)

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role1;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  | table  | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db1       |        |            |         | role1           | ROLE            |          | true          | 1583739035000  | --       |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.215 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role2;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  | table  | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db2       |        |            |         | role2           | ROLE            |          | true          | 1583739057000  | --       |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.119 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role admin;
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  | table  | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
|         |        |            |         | admin           | ROLE            |          | false         | 1583737318000  | --       |
+-----------+--------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.131 seconds)

3.4 管理員用戶登陸hive,為兩個用戶賦予不同的角色
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE role1 TO GROUP user1;"

beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n hive -e "GRANT ROLE role2 TO GROUP user2;"

// show role grant group user1 (查看user1的角色列表)
// show role grant group user2（查看user2的角色列表）
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user1;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
|  role  | grant_option  | grant_time  | grantor  |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role1  | false         | 0           | --       |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.144 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user2;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
|  role  | grant_option  | grant_time  | grantor  |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role2  | false         | 0           | --       |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.125 seconds)

4 使用user1, user2用戶登陸，驗證權限隔離
//user1登陸，只能看到db1數據庫
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user1 -e "show databases;"

// user2用戶登陸，只能看到db2數據庫
beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "show databases;"

1. 其他使用測試
   5.1 將role從角色中剔除
   REVOKE ROLE role1 FROM GROUP user1;
   刪除role
   //先查看角色列表
   show roles

// 刪除角色
drop role role2;

角色權限撤銷
// 先查看角色當前授權信息
show grant role role1;

// 將db1的操作權限從role1撤銷
revoke all on database db1 from role role1;

授權語句說明：
角色授權和撤銷
GRANT ROLE role_name [, role_name] TO GROUP <groupName> [,GROUP <groupName>]
REVOKE ROLE role_name [, role_name] FROM GROUP <groupName> [,GROUP <groupName>]

權限的授予和撤銷
GRANT <PRIVILEGE> [, <PRIVILEGE> ] ON <OBJECT> <object_name> TO ROLE <roleName> [,ROLE <roleName>]
REVOKE <PRIVILEGE> [, <PRIVILEGE> ] ON <OBJECT> <object_name> FROM ROLE <roleName> [,ROLE <roleName>]

查看角色/組權限
SHOW ROLES;
SHOW CURRENT ROLES;
SHOW ROLE GRANT GROUP <groupName>;
SHOW GRANT ROLE <roleName>;
SHOW GRANT ROLE <roleName> on OBJECT <objectName>;

查看所有的角色
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show roles;
+--------+
|  role  |
+--------+
| admin  |
| role1  |
| role2  |
+--------+
3 rows selected (0.12 seconds)

#將某個數據庫讀權限授予給某個role
GRANT SELECT ON DATABASE db_name TO ROLE role_name;

#將test 表的 S1 列的讀權限授權給role_name （TABLE也可以不寫）
GRANT SELECT(s1) ON TABLE test TO ROLE role_name;

#test表的select 權限給 role_name 角色
GRANT SELECT ON TABLE test TO ROLE role_name;

例子：
目前有2個用戶
user1   // 有db1下t1 表的所有權限
user2   // 有db2下t2 表的所有權限

目前有角色
+--------+
|  role  |
+--------+
| admin  |   //所有庫的最高權限 all
| role1  |   // 只有db1庫的所有權限
| role2  |  // 只有db2庫下的所有權限
+--------+

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show databases;
+------------------------+
|     database_name      |
+------------------------+
| db1                    |    
| db2                    |
| default                |
| temp                   |    
| test_hive_ucloud10086  |
+------------------------+

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "select * from db2.t2;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+---------+
|  t2.id  |
+---------+
| t2_001  |
| t2_002  |
+---------+
2 rows selected (0.631 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "insert into  db2.t2  values ('t2_003'),('t2_004');"
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 2.3.3)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 2.3.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
No rows affected (25.708 seconds)

再查詢一次，ok 插入成功
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+---------+
|  t2.id  |
+---------+
| t2_001  |
| t2_002  |
| t2_003  |
| t2_004  |
+---------+
4 rows selected (0.605 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

接下來，我有個需求，我想把temp下的student表給user2開放
首先user2對于的role2角色要有temp庫的select權限
然后再把temp庫下的student表的select權限給到role2 這個角色
那么user2屬于role2 角色下 自然就有了temp下的student表的select權限

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE temp.student TO ROLE role2;

0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE temp.student TO ROLE role2;
No rows affected (0.145 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show role grant group user2;
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
|  role  | grant_option  | grant_time  | grantor  |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
| role2  | false         | 0           | --       |
+--------+---------------+-------------+----------+
1 row selected (0.129 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:1000> show grant role role2;
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| database  |  table   | partition  | column  | principal_name  | principal_type  | privilege  | grant_option  |   grant_time   | grantor  |
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
| db2       |          |            |         | role2           | ROLE            | *          | true          | 1583739057000  | --       |
| temp      | student  |            |         | role2           | ROLE            | SELECT     | false         | 1583740481000  | --       |
+-----------+----------+------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------+----------------+----------+
2 rows selected (0.125 seconds)

驗證如下：
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "show databases;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+----------------+
| database_name  |
+----------------+
| db2            |
| default        |
| temp           |
+----------------+
3 rows selected (0.614 seconds)

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "use temp;show tables;"
No rows affected (0.476 seconds)
+-----------+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+
| student   |
+-----------+
1 row selected (0.282 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive
[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "select * from temp.student;"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
| student.sno  |     student.sname     | student.ssex  | student.sage  |     student.sdept     |
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
| 200215121    | 李勇                    | 男             | 20            | CS                    |
+--------------+-----------------------+---------------+---------------+-----------------------+
1 row selected (0.667 seconds)
Beeline version 2.3.3 by Apache Hive

[hadoop@uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1 ~]$ beeline -u "jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000"  -n user2 -e "insert into temp.student values(100215122,'劉晨','女',19,'CS');"
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User user2 does not have privileges for QUERY  // 用戶user2沒有QUERY的特權
The required privileges: Server=uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master1->Db=temp->Table=student->action=insert->grantOption=false; (state=42000,code=40000)
Closing: 0: jdbc:hive2://uhadoop-4wvgxxla-master2:10000

看完上述內容，你們掌握使用sentry對hive進行權限管理？的方法了嗎？如果還想學到更多技能或想了解更多相關內容，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道，感謝各位的閱讀！