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1)開頭加解釋器:#!/bin/bash
2)語法縮進,使用四個空格;多加注釋說明。
3)命名建議規則:變量名大寫、局部變量小寫,函數名小寫,名字體現出實際作用。
4)默認變量是全局的,在函數中變量local指定為局部變量,避免污染其他作用域。
5)有兩個命令能幫助我調試腳本:set -e 遇到執行非0時退出腳本,set-x 打印執行過程。
6)寫腳本一定先測試再到生產上。
本章目錄:
獲取隨機8位字符串:
方法1: # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8 471b94f2 方法2: # openssl rand -base64 4 vg3BEg== 方法3: # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8 ed9e032c
獲取隨機8位數字:
方法1: # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8 23648321 方法2: # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8 38571131 方法3: # date +%N |cut -c 1-8 69024815
cksum:打印CRC效驗和統計字節
方法1: function echo_color() { if [ $1 == "green" ]; then echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m" elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m" fi } 方法2: function echo_color() { case $1 in green) echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m" ;; red) echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m" ;; *) echo "Example: echo_color red string" esac } 使用方法:echo_color green "test"
function關鍵字定義一個函數,可加或不加。
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%T) USER_FILE=user.txt echo_color(){ if [ $1 == "green" ]; then echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m" elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m" fi } # 如果用戶文件存在并且大小大于0就備份 if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak" fi echo -e "User\tPassword" >> $USER_FILE echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE for USER in user{1..10}; do if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8) useradd $USER echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null echo -e "$USER\t$PASS" >> $USER_FILE echo "$USER User create successful." else echo_color red "$USER User already exists!" fi done
#!/bin/bash if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then echo "sysstat is already installed." else echo "sysstat is not installed!" fi
#!/bin/bash PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123) PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep) if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then echo "內容" | mail -s "主題" dst@example.com fi
方法1:將錯誤IP放到數組里面判斷是否ping失敗三次
#!/bin/bash IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2" for IP in $IP_LIST; do NUM=1 while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." break else # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM" FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP let NUM++ fi done if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!" unset FAIL_COUNT[*] fi done
方法2:將錯誤次數放到FAIL_COUNT變量里面判斷是否ping失敗三次
#!/bin/bash IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2" for IP in $IP_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0 for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." break else # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i" let FAIL_COUNT++ fi done if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then echo "$IP Ping is failure!" fi done
方法3:利用for循環將ping通就跳出循環繼續,如果不跳出就會走到打印ping失敗
#!/bin/bash ping_success_status() { if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." continue fi } IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2" for IP in $IP_LIST; do ping_success_status ping_success_status ping_success_status echo "$IP Ping is failure!" done
1)CPU
借助vmstat工具來分析CPU統計信息。
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}') # 只支持CentOS6 MAIL="example@mail.com" if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package." exit 1 fi US=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $13}') SY=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $14}') IDLE=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $15}') WAIT=$(vmstat |awk 'NR==3{print $16}') USE=$(($US+$SY)) if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Problem: CPU utilization $USE " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL fi
2)內存
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}') MAIL="example@mail.com" TOTAL=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $2}') USE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $3-$6-$7}') FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE)) # 內存小于1G發送報警郵件 if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL fi
3)硬盤
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}') MAIL="example@mail.com" TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F'[: ]+' 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk \/dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3}') PART_USE=$(df -h |awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6}') for i in $PART_USE; do PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1) USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2) MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3) if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Total: $TOTAL Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT) " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL fi done
前提監控端和被監控端SSH免交互登錄或者密鑰登錄。
寫一個配置文件保存被監控主機SSH連接信息,文件內容格式:IP User Port
#!/bin/bash HOST_INFO=host.info for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO) PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO) TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $1,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE) for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=} if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!" fi done done
1)檢查URL可用性
方法1: check_url() { HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!" fi } 方法2: check_url() { if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then #-T超時時間,--tries嘗試1次,--spider爬蟲模式 echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!" fi } 使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
2)判斷三次URL可用性
思路與上面檢查主機存活狀態一樣。
方法1:利用循環技巧,如果成功就跳出當前循環,否則執行到最后一行 #!/bin/bash check_url() { HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1) if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then continue fi } URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com" for URL in $URL_LIST; do check_url $URL check_url $URL check_url $URL echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" done 方法2:錯誤次數保存到變量 #!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com" for URL in $URL_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0 for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then let FAIL_COUNT++ else break fi done if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" fi done 方法3:錯誤次數保存到數組 #!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com" for URL in $URL_LIST; do NUM=1 while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP #創建數組,以$NUM下標,$IP元素 let NUM++ else break fi done if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" unset FAIL_COUNT[*] #清空數組 fi done
#!/bin/bash USER=bak PASSWD=123456 IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave status\G' |awk -F: '/Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0}') #gsub去除冒號后面的空格 for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*} THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:} if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!" fi done
本章寫的Shell腳本例子都比較實用,在面試題中也經常出現,希望大家參考著多動手寫寫,不要復制粘貼就拿來跑,這樣是學不會的!
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