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如何進行JavaScript中getter/setter的實現,相信很多沒有經驗的人對此束手無策,為此本文總結了問題出現的原因和解決方法,通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
雖然ES5中為我們提供了Object.defineProperty方法來設置getter與setter,但此原生方法使用起來并不方便,我們何不自己來實現一個類,只要繼承該類并遵循一定的規范就可以擁有媲美原生的getter與setter。
現在我們定義以下規范:
取值器跟設值器遵循格式:_xxxGetter/_xxxSetter,xxx代表需要被控制的屬性。例如,如果要控制foo屬性,則對象需要提供 _fooGetter/_fooSetter方法來作為實際的取值器與控制器,這樣我們可以帶代碼中調用obj.get(‘foo’)和 obj.set(‘foo’, value)來進行取值與設值;否則調用get與set方法相當于代碼:obj.foo和obj.foo = value;
提供watch函數:obj.watch(attr, function(name, oldValue, newValue){});每次調用set方法時,便會觸發fucntion參數。 function中name代表被改變的屬性,oldValue是上一次該屬性的值,newValue代表該屬性的***值。該方法返回一個handle對 象,擁有remove方法,調用remove將function參數從函數鏈中移除。
首先使用閉包模式,使用attributes變量作為私有屬性存放所有屬性的getter與setter:
var Stateful = (function(){ 'use strict'; var attributes = { Name: { s: '_NameSetter', g: '_NameGetter', wcbs: [] } }; var ST = function(){}; return ST; })()
其中wcbs用來存儲調用watch(name, callback)時所有的callback。
***版實現代碼如下:
var Stateful = (function(){ 'use strict'; var attributes = {}; function _getNameAttrs(name){ return attributes[name] || {}; } function _setNameAttrs(name) { if (!attributes[name]) { attributes[name] = { s: '_' + name + 'Setter', g: '_' + name + 'Getter', wcbs: [] } } } function _setNameValue(name, value){ _setNameAttrs(name); var attrs = _getNameAttrs(name); var oldValue = _getNameValue.call(this, name); //如果對象擁有_nameSetter方法則調用該方法,否則直接在對象上賦值。 if (this[attrs.s]){ this[attrs.s].call(this, value); } else { this[name] = value; } if (attrs.wcbs && attrs.wcbs.length > 0){ var wcbs = attrs.wcbs; for (var i = 0, len = wcbs.length; i < len; i++) { wcbs[i](name, oldValue, value); } } }; function _getNameValue(name) { _setNameAttrs(name); var attrs = _getNameAttrs(name); var oldValue = null; // 如果擁有_nameGetter方法則調用該方法,否則直接從對象中獲取。 if (this[attrs.g]) { oldValue = this[attrs.g].call(this, name); } else { oldValue = this[name]; } return oldValue; }; function ST(){}; ST.prototype.set = function(name, value){ //每次調用set方法時都將name存儲到attributes中 if (typeof name === 'string'){ _setNameValue.call(this, name, value); } else if (typeof name === object) { for (var p in name) { _setNameValue.call(this, p, name[p]); } } return this; }; ST.prototype.get = function(name) { if (typeof name === 'string') { return _getNameValue.call(this, name); } }; ST.prototype.watch = function(name, wcb) { var attrs = null; if (typeof name === 'string') { _setNameAttrs(name); attrs = _getNameAttrs(name); attrs.wcbs.push(wcb); return { remove: function(){ for (var i = 0, len = attrs.wcbs.length; i < len; i++) { if (attrs.wcbs[i] === wcb) { break; } } attrs.wcbs.splice(i, 1); } } } else if (typeof name === 'function'){ for (var p in attributes) { attrs = attributes[p]; attrs.wcbs.splice(0,0, wcb); //將所有的callback添加到wcbs數組中 } return { remove: function() { for (var p in attributes) { var attrs = attributes[p]; for (var i = 0, len = attrs.wcbs.length; i < len; i++) { if (attrs.wcbs[i] === wcb) { break; } } attrs.wcbs.splice(i, 1); } } } } }; return ST; })()
測試工作:
console.log(Stateful); var stateful = new Stateful(); function A(name){ this.name = name; }; A.prototype = stateful; A.prototype._NameSetter = function(n) { this.name = n; }; A.prototype._NameGetter = function() { return this.name; } function B(name) { this.name = name; }; B.prototype = stateful; B.prototype._NameSetter = function(n) { this.name = n; }; B.prototype._NameGetter = function() { return this.name; }; var a = new A(); var handle = a.watch('Name', function(name, oldValue, newValue){ console.log(name + 'be changed from ' + oldValue + ' to ' + newValue); }); a.set('Name', 'AAA'); console.log(a.name); var b = new B(); b.set('Name', 'BBB'); console.log(b.get('Name')); handle.remove(); a.set('Name', 'new AAA'); console.log(a.get('Name'), b.get('Name'))
輸出:
function ST(){} Namebe changed from undefined to AAA AAA Namebe changed from undefined to BBB BBB new AAA BBB
可以看到將所有watch函數存放于wcbs數組中,所有子類重名的屬性訪問的都是同一個wcbs數組。有什么方法可以既保證每個實例擁有自己的 watch函數鏈又不發生污染?可以考慮這種方法:為每個實例添加一個_watchCallbacks屬性,該屬性是一個函數,將所有的watch函數鏈 都存放到該函數上,主要代碼如下:
ST.prototype.watch = function(name, wcb) { var attrs = null; var callbacks = this._watchCallbacks; if (!callbacks) { callbacks = this._watchCallbacks = function(n, ov, nv) { var execute = function(cbs){ if (cbs && cbs.length > 0) { for (var i = 0, len = cbs.length; i < len; i++) { cbs[i](n, ov, nv); } } } //在函數作用域鏈中可以訪問到callbacks變量 execute(callbacks['_' + n]); execute(callbacks['*']);// 通配符 } } var _name = ''; if (typeof name === 'string') { var _name = '_' + name; } else if (typeof name === 'function') {//如果name是函數,則所有屬性改變時都會調用該函數 _name = '*'; wcb = name; } callbacks[_name] = callbacks[_name] ? callbacks[_name] : []; callbacks[_name].push(wcb); return { remove: function(){ var idx = callbacks[_name].indexOf(wcb); if (idx > -1) { callbacks[_name].splice(idx, 1); } } }; };
經過改變后整體代碼如下:
var Stateful = (function(){ 'use strict'; var attributes = {}; function _getNameAttrs(name){ return attributes[name] || {}; } function _setNameAttrs(name) { if (!attributes[name]) { attributes[name] = { s: '_' + name + 'Setter', g: '_' + name + 'Getter'/*, wcbs: []*/ } } } function _setNameValue(name, value){ if (name === '_watchCallbacks') { return; } _setNameAttrs(name); var attrs = _getNameAttrs(name); var oldValue = _getNameValue.call(this, name); if (this[attrs.s]){ this[attrs.s].call(this, value); } else { this[name] = value; } if (this._watchCallbacks){ this._watchCallbacks(name, oldValue, value); } }; function _getNameValue(name) { _setNameAttrs(name); var attrs = _getNameAttrs(name); var oldValue = null; if (this[attrs.g]) { oldValue = this[attrs.g].call(this, name); } else { oldValue = this[name]; } return oldValue; }; function ST(obj){ for (var p in obj) { _setNameValue.call(this, p, obj[p]); } }; ST.prototype.set = function(name, value){ if (typeof name === 'string'){ _setNameValue.call(this, name, value); } else if (typeof name === 'object') { for (var p in name) { _setNameValue.call(this, p, name[p]); } } return this; }; ST.prototype.get = function(name) { if (typeof name === 'string') { return _getNameValue.call(this, name); } }; ST.prototype.watch = function(name, wcb) { var attrs = null; var callbacks = this._watchCallbacks; if (!callbacks) { callbacks = this._watchCallbacks = function(n, ov, nv) { var execute = function(cbs){ if (cbs && cbs.length > 0) { for (var i = 0, len = cbs.length; i < len; i++) { cbs[i](n, ov, nv); } } } //在函數作用域鏈中可以訪問到callbacks變量 execute(callbacks['_' + n]); execute(callbacks['*']);// 通配符 } } var _name = ''; if (typeof name === 'string') { var _name = '_' + name; } else if (typeof name === 'function') {//如果name是函數,則所有屬性改變時都會調用該函數 _name = '*'; wcb = name; } callbacks[_name] = callbacks[_name] ? callbacks[_name] : []; callbacks[_name].push(wcb); return { remove: function(){ var idx = callbacks[_name].indexOf(wcb); if (idx > -1) { callbacks[_name].splice(idx, 1); } } }; }; return ST; })()
測試:
console.log(Stateful); var stateful = new Stateful(); function A(name){ this.name = name; }; A.prototype = stateful; A.prototype._NameSetter = function(n) { this.name = n; }; A.prototype._NameGetter = function() { return this.name; } function B(name) { this.name = name; }; B.prototype = stateful; B.prototype._NameSetter = function(n) { this.name = n; }; B.prototype._NameGetter = function() { return this.name; }; var a = new A(); var handle = a.watch('Name', function(name, oldValue, newValue){ console.log(name + 'be changed from ' + oldValue + ' to ' + newValue); }); a.set('Name', 'AAA'); console.log(a.name); var b = new B(); b.set('Name', 'BBB'); console.log(b.get('Name')); a.watch(function(name, ov, nv) { console.log('* ' + name + ' ' + ov + ' ' + nv); }); a.set({ foo: 'FOO', goo: 'GOO' }); console.log(a.get('goo')); a.set('Name', 'AAA+'); handle.remove(); a.set('Name', 'new AAA'); console.log(a.get('Name'), b.get('Name'))
輸出:
function ST(obj){ for (var p in obj) { _setNameValue.call(this, p, obj[p]); } } Namebe changed from undefined to AAA AAA BBB * foo undefined FOO * goo undefined GOO GOO Namebe changed from AAA to AAA+ * Name AAA AAA+ * Name AAA+ new AAA new AAA BBB
以上代碼就是dojo/Stateful的原理。
看完上述內容,你們掌握如何進行JavaScript中getter/setter的實現的方法了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或想了解更多相關內容,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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