oracle 打補丁常見問題

psu下載文檔 ID?? Master Note for Database Proactive Patch Program (文檔 ID 756671.1)
url：https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/DocumentDisplay?_adf.ctrl-state=19mcxkl5d5_4&id=756671.1&_afrLoop=347413785398928

oracle打補丁相對來說很簡單，特別是12C的 opatchauto 打補丁更是簡單的許多，簡直是一鍵操作，但也有一些注意事項：

1.使用新版的Opatch替換原有的Opatch在$ORACLE_HOME里

2.注意Opatch的權限

3.關閉數據庫、監聽、adrci就是確保$ORACLE_HOME下面的所有文件都沒有被使用

具體過程就不操作了，都是操作的活，很簡單，下面只是列出一些常見的錯誤供參考：

更新opatch，此步驟注意權限問題，主要設置chmod -R 775 OPatch && chown -R oracle:oinstall OPatch

$unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip

$cd $ORACLE_HOME

$mv OPatch OPatch-bak

$pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

$mv ~/patch/OPatch OPatch

$chmod -R 775 OPatch

$./opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.19

OPatch succeeded.

解壓補丁,此步驟也簡單，但是也得注意權限問題，設置 chmod -R 775 28317183 && chown -R oracle:oinstall 28317183

$unzip p28317183_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/net/resolver/AddrResolution.class?
?? creating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/OracleDatabaseMetaData.class?
?? creating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/driver/
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/driver/T4CConnection.class?
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/driver/T4CConnection$1.class?
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/driver/OracleSql$1.class?
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/driver/OracleSql$ParseMode.class?
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/driver/OracleSql.class?
?? creating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/oracore/
? inflating: 28317183/27923163/files/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5_g.jar/oracle/jdbc/oracore/OracleTypeCOLLECTION.class?
? inflating: PatchSearch.xml????????

opatch apply? 此步驟出問題最多，如果前面的權限設置了，那么的權限的問題基本不成問題，問題最多的就是上面所講的：關閉數據庫、監聽、adrci就是確保$ORACLE_HOME下面的所有文件都沒有被使用

看下面例子：

$/s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation.? All rights reserved.

Oracle Home?????? : /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /s01/app/oraInventory
??? from?????????? : /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version??? : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version?????? : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-09-20_14-17-04PM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:

Following executables are active :
/s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
/s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:

Following executables are active :
/s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libsqlplus.so? ###此處說明sqlplus 沒有退出，因此失敗，因為opatch apply有可能會改變文件
UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
Log file location: /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-09-20_14-17-04PM_1.log

OPatch failed with error code 73

解決方法：

退出sqlplus

下面這個錯誤比較特備，在redhat 6上面基本上不會出現，此是在redhat 7.5上面出現的，7精簡安裝默認不安裝psmisc包，說白了就是少安裝了包，缺少fuser命令，這也很好的解釋為什么需要確保$ORACLE_HOME下面的所有文件都沒有被使用，其實oracle在opatch apply補丁的時候需要檢查的有誤文件在使用，就像上面的報錯：

$/s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.19
Copyright (c) 2018, Oracle Corporation.? All rights reserved.

Oracle Home?????? : /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /s01/app/oraInventory
??? from?????????? : /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version??? : 11.2.0.3.19
OUI version?????? : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-09-20_14-12-19PM_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser???? ########提示缺少fuser命令
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
The details are:
Missing command :fuser
UtilSession failed:
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
Log file location: /s01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3018-09-20_14-12-19PM_1.log

OPatch failed with error code 73

解決方法：

#yum install psmisc