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oracle啟動會經過三個過程,分別是nomount
、mount
、open
nomount 階段,可以看到實例已經啟動。oracle進程會根據參數文件開創共享內存池。
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2213896 bytes
Variable Size 956303352 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes
SQL>
可以看到共享內存已經開辟
[root@localhost dbs]# ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x00000000 98304 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 131073 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 163842 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 196611 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 229380 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 262149 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 294918 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 327687 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 360456 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x33554094 1048585 oracle 660 4096 0
0x00000000 425994 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 458763 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 491532 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 524301 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 557070 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 688143 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 720912 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
進程已經開啟
oracle 2965 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_test
oracle 2967 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_test
oracle 2971 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_test
oracle 2973 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_test
oracle 2975 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_test
oracle 2977 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_test
oracle 2979 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_test
oracle 2981 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:01 ora_mman_test
oracle 2983 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_test
oracle 2985 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_test
oracle 2987 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_test
oracle 2989 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_test
oracle 2991 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_test
oracle 2993 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_test
oracle 2995 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_test
oracle 2997 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_test
oracle 2999 1 0 04:44 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_test
查看參數配置文件位置
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4
/db_1/dbs/spfiletest.ora
SQL>
移除配置文件后startup nomount
,報錯如下:
SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.4/db_1/dbs/inittest.ora'
SQL>
mount
階段,oracle
會根據nomount
階段的參數文件來尋找控制文件的名稱和位置,一旦查找到立即鎖定該控制文件,控制文件里記錄了數據庫中的數據文件、日志文件、檢查點信息等非常重要的信息。啟動mount
時,會先自動啟動nomount
startup mount
mount
階段可以看到,比nomount
階段多了一個database mounted
的提示。
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2213896 bytes
Variable Size 956303352 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
查看控制文件位置
SQL> show parameter control
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
control_file_record_keep_time integer 7
control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/c
ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
flash_recovery_area/test/contr
ol02.ctl
control_management_pack_access string DIAGNOSTIC+TUNING
SQL>
將配置文件移除,然后在啟動一次。
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2213896 bytes
Variable Size 956303352 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SQL>
open
階段會根據控制文件記錄的信息,定位到數據庫文件、日志文件等,正式開啟實例和數據庫之間的橋梁。如果數據文件或者日志文件缺少,那么open
失敗。open
之后,如果有使用歸檔日志功能,便可看到歸檔日志的進程。
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL>
查看日志文件和日志文件的位置
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
SQL>
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
-------------------------------------
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log
移動一個數據文件后啟動,報錯如下
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2213896 bytes
Variable Size 956303352 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7135232 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf'
SQL>
如果我隨便復制一個文件進去可不可以呢?啟動如下:
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01122: database file 4 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf'
ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt
我們可以使用statup
來啟動oracle數據庫,也可以用shutdwon
來關閉。如果使用startup
啟動,其實已經經過了三個過程。
總的來說,沒有參數文件,實例無法創建,數據庫無法nomount
成功,沒有配置文件,數據庫無法mount
;沒有數據文件,數據庫無法打開使用。
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