MySQL源碼安裝的方法介紹

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MYSQL的安裝分三種：命令行安裝、二進制安裝和源碼安裝
命令行安裝相對而言簡單，我們就不做過多陳述，今天就著重講講MYSQL的源碼安裝
編譯安裝過程描述：

•     1.下載源代碼

•     2.檢查源碼編譯所需的依賴包是否齊全

•     3.解壓編譯

•     4.make && make install

•     5.初始化數據目錄

•     6.數據庫權限設置

•     7.定義啟動方式
  

軟件安裝的常規約定：

•     軟件安裝包放在/usr/local/src下

•     軟件根目錄basedir在/usr/local/xxx下,如：/usr/local/mysql
  

•     配置文件在/etc/下，如：/etc/my.cnf

•     數據目錄datadir一般放在單獨的磁盤上

•     mysql服務名為mysqld
  

========
準備
========
#創建數據目錄
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
#創建根目錄
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysqlrp
#進入軟件存放目錄
[root@xxx ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@xxx src]# mv /root/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz .
[root@xxx src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
[root@xxx src]# cd mysql-5.6.24
#檢查cmake是否安裝，如果未安裝，請使用yum install cmake或其它方式安裝
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# which cmake
    /usr/bin/cmake
#安裝必備的依賴包
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install ncurses-devel
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install bison
#=======
編譯
#=======
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqlrp \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
#make install時才會在根目錄下生成文件
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make install
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
    bin      data  include         lib  mysql-test  scripts  sql-bench
    COPYING  docs  INSTALL-BINARY  man  README      share    support-files
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# cd /usr/local/mysqlrp/
#創建mysql管理用戶及組
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# groupadd mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# useradd mysql -g mysql
#修改配置文件，修改根目錄、數據目錄位置。
[root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
    ...
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp   
    datadir=/data/mysql
#初始化數據目錄
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
#制作mysql服務mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#修改各個目錄對應權限
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql  /data/mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql  /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /data/mysql
root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod  644 /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
#啟動mysql服務
[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
   Starting MySQL.          
[  OK  ]

#=======
#源碼編譯常見依賴包
#=======
kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
autoconf-2.63-5.1.el6.noarch.rpm
automake-1.11.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm
zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm
libgcrypt-1.4.5-9.el6_2.2.x86_64.rpm
libtool-2.2.6-15.5.el6.x86_64.rpm
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm

#=======
#附實驗2則，解釋常見疑問
#實驗1說明，數據目錄初始化的時候，必須在根目錄basedir下初始化目錄(具體數據目錄可以自定義)，使用初始化腳本進行初始化。
#實驗2說明，數據庫在編譯的時候會修改源碼里面的內容，例如src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server ,會將根目錄修改為編譯時指定的根目錄
#        數據庫編譯時指定數據目錄，安裝完成后mysql工具沒有指定數據目錄且根目錄下沒有data目錄會優先將編譯時指定的數據目錄作為自己的數據目錄
#=======

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

1. #=======
   

2.     #實驗1
   

3.     #=======
   

4.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir /tmp/test
   

5.     #=======
   

6.     #測試進入臨時目錄，做數據目錄初始化
   

7.     #=======
   

8.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# cd /tmp/test/
   

9.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql &
   

10.             [1] 36700
    

11.             [root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults
    

12. 
    

13.             If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to
    

14.             copy the software into the correct location ready for operation.
    

15. 
    

16.             If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top
    

17.             level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option
    

18.             pointing to that location.
    

19. 
    

20. 
    

21.             [1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
    

22.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &
    

23.             [1] 36704
    

24.             [root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults
    

25.             
    

26.             If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to
    

27.             opy the software into the correct location ready for operation.
    

28.             
    

29.             If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top
    

30.             level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option
    

31.             pointing to that location.
    

32.             
    

33.            
    

34.             [1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
    

35.     [root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/data/mysql &
    

36.     #=======
    

37.     #指定了根目錄后總算初始化成功
    

38.     #=======
    

39.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    

40.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
    

41.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
    

42.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir log
    

43.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql log
    

44.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
    

45.             [1] 37694
    

46.             [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:45:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.
    

47.             151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql
    

48.             151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended
    

49.             
    

50.             [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
    

51.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql
    

52.             root 37847 12729 0 15:46 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql
    

53.     #=======
    

54.     #試圖啟動，失敗
    

55.     #=======
    

56.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysqlrp/ mysql
    

57.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
    

58.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysql/ mysqlrp
    

59.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
    

60.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid). [FAILED]
    

61.     #=======
    

62.     #試圖啟動，失敗
    

63.     #=======
    

64.     [root@xxx local]# cd mysqlrp/
    

65.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld
    

66.     mysqld mysqld_multi mysqld_safe mysqldump mysqldumpslow
    

67.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&
    

68.     [1] 38052
    

69.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.
    

70.     151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql
    

71.     151113 15:49:32 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended
    

72. 
    

73.     [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
    

74.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql
    

75.     root 38205 12729 0 15:49 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql
    

76.     #=======
    

77.     #試圖啟動，失敗
    

78.     #=======
    

79.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ &
    

80.     #=======
    

81.     #初始化數據目錄成功
    

82.     #=======
    

83.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/ &
    

84.     #=======
    

85.     #再次初始化數據目錄，成功
    

86.     #=======
    

87.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
    

88.     [1] 38312
    

89.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.
    

90.     151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysqlrp/data
    

91. 
    

92.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql
    

93.     root 38312 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
    

94.     mysql 38441 38312 3 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysqlrp/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
    

95.     root 38465 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql
    

96.     #=======
    

97.     #試圖啟動，成功
    

98.     #=======
    

99. 
    

100.     #=======
     

101.     #實驗2
     

102.     #=======
     

103.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended
     

104.     ps
     

105.       PID TTY TIME CMD
     

106.     12729 pts/3 00:00:00 bash
     

107.     38471 pts/3 00:00:00 ps
     

108.     [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
     

109.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql
     

110.     root 38473 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql
     

111.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]# service mysqld start
     

112.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).
     

113.     [root@xxx mysqlrp]#
     

114.     [root@xxx local]# cp src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldcp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysqld'? y
     

115.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
     

116.     /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found
     

117.     /etc/init.d/mysqld: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysqlrp: No such file or directory
     

118.     Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysqlr[FAILED]sqld_safe)
     

119.     [root@xxx local]# mv mysql mysqlrp
     

120.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
     

121.     Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).
     

122.     [root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
     

123.         datadir=xxxx
     

124.     [root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
     

125.     Starting MySQL.
     

126.     [ OK ]

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