如何解析mysqldump備份原理

本篇文章給大家分享的是有關如何解析mysqldump備份原理，小編覺得挺實用的，因此分享給大家學習，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲，話不多說，跟著小編一起來看看吧。

這里通過開啟general log追蹤mysqldump的備份過程，可以動態調整general log的參數設置。

一、不加--single-transaction備份
mysqldump --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uroot --triggers -R -E -A --master-data=2 |gzip >dbbackup.sql.gz
1、連接數據庫
2、調整sql_mode、time_zone
3、刷新tables(關閉所有打開的表并清空緩存數據)
4、FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK(執行全局讀鎖)
5、記錄相關變量、參數、binlog位置等
6、備份數據文件、表空間等
7、備份業務表結構、表數據、觸發器
8、備份系統表結構、表數據、觸發器
9、備份函數、存儲過程
10、備份結束退出，全局鎖自動釋放
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622170Z        56 Connect   root@localhost on  using Socket
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622372Z        56 Query     /*!40100 SET @@SQL_MODE='' */
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622500Z        56 Query     /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622654Z        56 Query     FLUSH /*!40101 LOCAL */ TABLES
2017-06-24T00:48:48.623539Z        56 Query     FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
2017-06-24T00:48:48.623669Z        56 Query     SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_schema =
'performance_schema' AND table_name = 'session_variables'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.624191Z        56 Query     SELECT COUNT(*) FROM performance_schema.session_variables WHERE VARI
ABLE_NAME LIKE 'rocksdb\_skip\_fill\_cache'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.625417Z        56 Query     SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'gtid\_mode'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.627542Z        56 Query     SHOW MASTER STATUS
2017-06-24T00:48:48.627743Z        56 Query     SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE, E
NGINE, EXTRA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'UNDO LOG' AND FILE_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME IS NOT NULL GROUP BY LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, ENGINE, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE ORDER BY LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME
2017-06-24T00:48:48.628321Z        56 Query     SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, EXTE
NT_SIZE, INITIAL_SIZE, ENGINE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'DATAFILE' ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, L
OGFILE_GROUP_NAME
2017-06-24T00:48:48.628778Z        56 Query     SHOW DATABASES
2017-06-24T00:48:48.629166Z        56 Query     SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ndbinfo\_version'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631175Z        56 Init DB   dbtest
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631282Z        56 Query     SHOW CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631415Z        56 Query     show tables
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631704Z        56 Query     show table status like 't'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632269Z        56 Query     SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632372Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632462Z        56 Query     show create table `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632642Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632810Z        56 Query     show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.633252Z        56 Query     show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.633664Z        56 Query     SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.633894Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634000Z        56 Query     use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634136Z        56 Query     select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634281Z        56 Query     SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634750Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634887Z        56 Query     show table status like 't1'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635388Z        56 Query     SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635483Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635575Z        56 Query     show create table `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635719Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635852Z        56 Query     show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.636268Z        56 Query     show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.636699Z        56 Query     SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.636911Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637030Z        56 Query     use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637132Z        56 Query     select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637264Z        56 Query     SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't1'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637719Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637856Z        56 Query     show table status like 't2'
2017-06-24T00:48:48.638347Z        56 Query     SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.638441Z        56 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'

二、加--single-transaction備份

mysqldump --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uroot --triggers -R -E -A --master-data=2 --single-transaction |gzip >dbbackup.sql.gz

1、連接數據庫
2、調整sql_mode,time_zone
3、調整事務隔離界別為RR（SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ）
4、開啟事務一致性快照（START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */）
5、記錄gtid_mode、binlog位置等信息
6、釋放全局鎖
7、備份數據文件、表空間數據
8、備份業務數據庫表結構
9、設置savepoint sp(SAVEPOINT sp)
10、備份數據表結構、表數據、觸發器、事件(每備份完一個表，做一次rollback to savepoint sp，釋放DDL鎖)
11、備份系統數據庫、表結構、觸發器
12、備份存儲過程、函數
13、釋放savepoint
14、備份事件
15、備份結束會話退出

2017-06-24T00:58:05.650060Z        58 Connect   root@localhost on  using Socket
2017-06-24T00:58:05.650336Z        58 Query     /*!40100 SET @@SQL_MODE='' */
2017-06-24T00:58:05.650491Z        58 Query     /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */
2017-06-24T00:58:05.650703Z        58 Query     SHOW STATUS LIKE 'binlog_snapshot_%'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.660129Z        58 Query     SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_schema =
'performance_schema' AND table_name = 'session_variables'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.660477Z        58 Query     SELECT COUNT(*) FROM performance_schema.session_variables WHERE VARI
ABLE_NAME LIKE 'rocksdb\_skip\_fill\_cache'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.662214Z        58 Query     SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ
2017-06-24T00:58:05.662314Z        58 Query     START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */
2017-06-24T00:58:05.663369Z        58 Query     SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'gtid\_mode'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.667436Z        58 Query     SHOW STATUS LIKE 'binlog_snapshot_%'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.670160Z        58 Query     UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T00:58:05.670343Z        58 Query     SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE, E
NGINE, EXTRA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'UNDO LOG' AND FILE_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME IS NOT NULL GROUP BY LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, ENGINE, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE ORDER BY LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME
2017-06-24T00:58:05.671210Z        58 Query     SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, EXTE
NT_SIZE, INITIAL_SIZE, ENGINE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'DATAFILE' ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, L
OGFILE_GROUP_NAME
2017-06-24T00:58:05.671971Z        58 Query     SHOW DATABASES
2017-06-24T00:58:05.672341Z        58 Query     SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ndbinfo\_version'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.675964Z        58 Init DB   dbtest
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676080Z        58 Query     SHOW CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676223Z        58 Query     SAVEPOINT sp
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676343Z        58 Query     show tables
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676641Z        58 Query     show table status like 't'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677297Z        58 Query     SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677404Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677525Z        58 Query     show create table `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677659Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677821Z        58 Query     show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.678319Z        58 Query     show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.678746Z        58 Query     SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.678967Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679059Z        58 Query     use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679211Z        58 Query     select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679357Z        58 Query     SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679851Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679958Z        58 Query     ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680059Z        58 Query     show table status like 't1'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680589Z        58 Query     SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680702Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680807Z        58 Query     show create table `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680945Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.681071Z        58 Query     show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.681579Z        58 Query     show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682021Z        58 Query     SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682244Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682369Z        58 Query     use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682477Z        58 Query     select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682609Z        58 Query     SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't1'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683147Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8mb4'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683268Z        58 Query     ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683366Z        58 Query     show table status like 't2'
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683899Z        58 Query     SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.684005Z        58 Query     SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary'

三、數據庫恢復
gunzip <dbbackup.sql.gz  |mysql -uroot --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -o dbtest

2017-06-24T01:06:22.926385Z        64 Connect   root@localhost on dbtest using Socket
2017-06-24T01:06:22.926645Z        64 Query     select @@version_comment limit 1
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927001Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927161Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927286Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927426Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927580Z        64 Query     /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927735Z        64 Query     /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927856Z        64 Query     /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927986Z        64 Query     /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_K
EY_CHECKS=0 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928099Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZE
RO' */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928234Z        64 Query     /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928337Z        64 Query     /*!50717 SET @rocksdb_bulk_load_var_name='rocksdb_bulk_load' */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928527Z        64 Query     /*!50717 SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_has_p_s_session_variables FRO
M INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'performance_schema' AND TABLE_NAME = 'session_variables' */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928995Z        64 Query     /*!50717 SET @rocksdb_get_is_supported = IF (@rocksdb_has_p_s_sessio
n_variables, 'SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_is_supported FROM performance_schema.session_variables WHERE VARIABLE_NA
ME=?', 'SELECT 0') */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929105Z        64 Query     /*!50717 PREPARE s FROM @rocksdb_get_is_supported */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929259Z        64 Prepare   SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_is_supported FROM performance_schema.s
ession_variables WHERE VARIABLE_NAME=?
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929346Z        64 Query     /*!50717 EXECUTE s USING @rocksdb_bulk_load_var_name */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929370Z        64 Execute   SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_is_supported FROM performance_schema.s
ession_variables WHERE VARIABLE_NAME='rocksdb_bulk_load'
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931165Z        64 Query     /*!50717 DEALLOCATE PREPARE s */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931306Z        64 Query     /*!50717 SET @rocksdb_enable_bulk_load = IF (@rocksdb_is_supported,
'SET SESSION rocksdb_bulk_load = 1', 'SET @rocksdb_dummy_bulk_load = 0') */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931426Z        64 Query     /*!50717 PREPARE s FROM @rocksdb_enable_bulk_load */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931463Z        64 Prepare   SET @rocksdb_dummy_bulk_load = 0
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931558Z        64 Query     /*!50717 EXECUTE s */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931573Z        64 Execute   SET @rocksdb_dummy_bulk_load = 0
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931666Z        64 Query     /*!50717 DEALLOCATE PREPARE s */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931805Z        64 Query     CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `dbtest` /*!40100 DEFAULT C
HARACTER SET utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.932975Z        64 Init DB   dbtest
2017-06-24T01:06:22.933111Z        64 Query     DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.933728Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.933859Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.934023Z        64 Query     CREATE TABLE `t` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.939020Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.939213Z        64 Query     LOCK TABLES `t` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.939616Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.940164Z        64 Query     INSERT INTO `t` VALUES (1)
2017-06-24T01:06:22.941111Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t` ENABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.941871Z        64 Query     UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942023Z        64 Query     DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942558Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942702Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942879Z        64 Query     CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.946848Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.946986Z        64 Query     LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.947344Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.947867Z        64 Query     INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1,'name')
2017-06-24T01:06:22.948877Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.949727Z        64 Query     UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T01:06:22.949847Z        64 Query     DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t2`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.950384Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.950488Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.950632Z        64 Query     CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.954865Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.955009Z        64 Query     LOCK TABLES `t2` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.955370Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t2` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.955873Z        64 Query     INSERT INTO `t2` VALUES (1,'name'),(1,'name')
2017-06-24T01:06:22.957048Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t2` ENABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.957872Z        64 Query     UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958010Z        64 Query     DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t3`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958512Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958618Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958778Z        64 Query     CREATE TABLE `t3` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.972610Z        64 Query     /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.972767Z        64 Query     LOCK TABLES `t3` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.973184Z        64 Query     /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t3` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:23.001988Z        64 Query     INSERT INTO `t3` VALUES (1,'name1'),(2,'name2'),(3,'name3')

四、mysqldump備份恢復總結

1、mysqldump是通過select * from table_name來獲取表的數據進而完成備份。
2、START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */必須放到FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK和UNLOCK TABLES之間，放到之前會造成START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */和FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK之間執行的DML語句丟失，放到之后，會造成從庫重復插入數據。
3、mysqldump只適合放到業務低峰期做，如果備份的過程中數據操作很頻繁，會造成Undo表空間越來越大，undo表空間默認是放到共享表空間中的，而ibdata的特性是一旦增大，就不會收縮。（可重復讀的數據會在undo中保存，dml也會產生相關的redo/undo）
4、--single-transaction開啟事務一致性快照，開始savepoint，每次備份完執行rollback to savepoint為了防止表的DDL阻塞，而調整事務隔離界別RR為了保障會話的可重復讀，從而達到備份數據的一致性。

以上就是如何解析mysqldump備份原理，小編相信有部分知識點可能是我們日常工作會見到或用到的。希望你能通過這篇文章學到更多知識。更多詳情敬請關注億速云行業資訊頻道。