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For instance, if a chunk represents a single shard key value, then MongoDB cannot split the chunk even when the chunk exceeds the size at which splits occur.
如果一個chunk只包含一個分片鍵值,mongodb 就不會split這個chunk,即使這個chunk超過了 chunk需要split時的大小。所以分片鍵的選擇非常重要。
這里舉個例子,比如我們使用日期(精確到日) 作為分片鍵,當某一天的數據非常多時,這個分片鍵值(比如2015/12/12)的對應的chunk會非常大,
超過64M,但是這個chunk是不可分割的。這會造成數據在各個分片中不平衡,出現性能問題。
所以我們要以 選擇性高的字段做為分片鍵,如果這個字段(比如 日志級別)選擇性低,我們可以再添加一個選擇性高的字段,兩個字段做為分片鍵。
如果以日期做為分片鍵,為了避免大的chunk,我們可以把日期精確到 時分秒 然后做分片鍵。
if your chunk ranges get down to a single key value then no further splits are possible and you get "jumbo" chunks。
以下是 大的chunk的例子:
http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/72626/mongo-large-chunks-will-not-split
一個常見的錯誤:
Mongos version 3.0.1 Split Chunk Error with Sharding
http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/96732/mongos-version-3-0-1-split-chunk-error-with-sharding?rq=1
手動切割分片:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xuegang/archive/2012/12/27/2836209.html
一、使用splitFind對可分割的chunk 手動分割。
splitFind(namespace, query),query的值必須包括分片鍵。將一個query指定的chunk,分割為兩個基本相等大小的chunk。
mongos> db.users003.getShardDistribution() Shard shard1 at shard1/192.168.137.111:27017,192.168.137.75:27017 data : 212KiB docs : 3359 chunks : 2 estimated data per chunk : 106KiB estimated docs per chunk : 1679 Shard shard2 at shard2/192.168.137.138:27018,192.168.137.75:27018 data : 211KiB docs : 3337 chunks : 2 estimated data per chunk : 105KiB estimated docs per chunk : 1668 Shard shard3 at shard3/192.168.137.111:27019,192.168.137.138:27019 data : 209KiB docs : 3304 chunks : 2 estimated data per chunk : 104KiB estimated docs per chunk : 1652 Totals data : 633KiB docs : 10000 chunks : 6 Shard shard1 contains 33.58% data, 33.58% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 64B Shard shard2 contains 33.37% data, 33.37% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 64B Shard shard3 contains 33.03% data, 33.04% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 64B mongos> mongos> mongos> AllChunkInfo("test1.users003", true); ChunkID,Shard,ChunkSize,ObjectsInChunk test1.users003-_id_MinKey,shard1,106368,1662 test1.users003-_id_-6148914691236517204,shard1,108608,1697 test1.users003-_id_-3074457345618258602,shard3,107072,1673 test1.users003-_id_0,shard3,104384,1631 test1.users003-_id_3074457345618258602,shard2,110592,1728 test1.users003-_id_6148914691236517204,shard2,102976,1609 ***********Summary Chunk Information*********** Total Chunks: 6 Average Chunk Size (bytes): 106666.66666666667 Empty Chunks: 0 Average Chunk Size (non-empty): 106666.66666666667 mongos> db.users003.count() 10000
執行splitFind之后,chunk被分割為兩個基本相同大小的chunk:
mongos> sh.splitFind("test1.users003",{"name" : "u_100"}) { "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "no shard key found in chunk query { name: \"u_100\" }" } mongos> sh.splitFind("test1.users003",{"_id" : ObjectId("568bdf16e05cf980cec8c455")}) { "ok" : 1 } mongos> mongos> mongos> mongos> mongos> mongos> mongos> AllChunkInfo("test1.users003", true); ChunkID,Shard,ChunkSize,ObjectsInChunk test1.users003-_id_MinKey,shard1,106368,1662 test1.users003-_id_-6148914691236517204,shard1,54272,848 test1.users003-_id_-4665891797978533183,shard1,54336,849 test1.users003-_id_-3074457345618258602,shard3,107072,1673 test1.users003-_id_0,shard3,104384,1631 test1.users003-_id_3074457345618258602,shard2,110592,1728 test1.users003-_id_6148914691236517204,shard2,102976,1609 ***********Summary Chunk Information*********** Total Chunks: 7 Average Chunk Size (bytes): 91428.57142857143 Empty Chunks: 0 Average Chunk Size (non-empty): 91428.57142857143 mongos> db.users003.getShardDistribution() Shard shard1 at shard1/192.168.137.111:27017,192.168.137.75:27017 data : 212KiB docs : 3359 chunks : 3 estimated data per chunk : 70KiB estimated docs per chunk : 1119 Shard shard2 at shard2/192.168.137.138:27018,192.168.137.75:27018 data : 211KiB docs : 3337 chunks : 2 estimated data per chunk : 105KiB estimated docs per chunk : 1668 Shard shard3 at shard3/192.168.137.111:27019,192.168.137.138:27019 data : 209KiB docs : 3304 chunks : 2 estimated data per chunk : 104KiB estimated docs per chunk : 1652 Totals data : 633KiB docs : 10000 chunks : 7 Shard shard1 contains 33.58% data, 33.58% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 64B Shard shard2 contains 33.37% data, 33.37% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 64B Shard shard3 contains 33.03% data, 33.04% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 64B
二、使用splitAt對可分割的chunk 手動分割。
splitAt(namespace, query) 官方解釋:
sh.splitAt() splits the original chunk into two chunks. One chunk has a shard key range
that starts with the original lower bound (inclusive) and ends at the specified shard key value (exclusive).
The other chunk has a shard key range that starts with the specified shard key value (inclusive) as the lower bound
and ends at the original upper bound (exclusive).
三、手動遷移chunk
db.runCommand( { moveChunk : "myapp.users" ,
find : {username : "smith"} ,
to : "mongodb-shard3.example.net" } )
注釋:
moveChunk:一個集合的名字要加上數據庫的名稱:比如test.yql
find:一個查詢語句,指定集合中的符合查詢的數據或者chunk,系統自動查出from 的shard
to: 指向chunk的目的shard
只要目的shard和源sharad同意指定的chunk由目的shard接管,命令就返回。遷移chunk是一個比較復雜的過程,它包括兩個內部通信協議:
1 復制數據,包括在復制過程中的變化的數據
2 確保所有參與遷移的組成部分:目的shard ,源shard ,config server都確定遷移已經完成!
The command will block until the migration is complete.
四、相關腳本
--顯示collection的chunk分布信息 db.collection.getShardDistribution() 顯示chunk信息腳本: AllChunkInfo = function(ns, est){ var chunks = db.getSiblingDB("config").chunks.find({"ns" : ns}).sort({min:1}); //this will return all chunks for the ns ordered by min //some counters for overall stats at the end var totalChunks = 0; var totalSize = 0; var totalEmpty = 0; print("ChunkID,Shard,ChunkSize,ObjectsInChunk"); // header row // iterate over all the chunks, print out info for each chunks.forEach( function printChunkInfo(chunk) { var db1 = db.getSiblingDB(chunk.ns.split(".")[0]); // get the database we will be running the command against later var key = db.getSiblingDB("config").collections.findOne({_id:chunk.ns}).key; // will need this for the dataSize call // dataSize returns the info we need on the data, but using the estimate option to use counts is less intensive var dataSizeResult = db1.runCommand({datasize:chunk.ns, keyPattern:key, min:chunk.min, max:chunk.max, estimate:est}); // printjson(dataSizeResult); // uncomment to see how long it takes to run and status print(chunk._id+","+chunk.shard+","+dataSizeResult.size+","+dataSizeResult.numObjects); totalSize += dataSizeResult.size; totalChunks++; if (dataSizeResult.size == 0) { totalEmpty++ }; //count empty chunks for summary } ) print("***********Summary Chunk Information***********"); print("Total Chunks: "+totalChunks); print("Average Chunk Size (bytes): "+(totalSize/totalChunks)); print("Empty Chunks: "+totalEmpty); print("Average Chunk Size (non-empty): "+(totalSize/(totalChunks-totalEmpty))); } 使用示例: mongos> AllChunkInfo("test1.users001", true); ChunkID,Shard,ChunkSize,ObjectsInChunk test1.users001-_id_MinKey,shard3,11347710,171935 test1.users001-_id_-6148914691236517204,shard1,11293458,171113 test1.users001-_id_-3074457345618258602,shard1,11320716,171526 test1.users001-_id_0,shard3,11349096,171956 test1.users001-_id_3074457345618258602,shard2,11340054,171819 test1.users001-_id_6148914691236517204,shard2,11328966,171651 ***********Summary Chunk Information*********** Total Chunks: 6 Average Chunk Size (bytes): 11330000 Empty Chunks: 0 Average Chunk Size (non-empty): 11330000
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