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這篇文章主要介紹了Android怎么實現照片墻效果,具有一定借鑒價值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
照片墻這種功能現在應該算是挺常見了,在很多應用中你都可以經常看到照片墻的身影。它的設計思路其實也非常簡單,用一個GridView控件當作“墻”,然后隨著GridView的滾動將一張張照片貼在“墻”上,這些照片可以是手機本地中存儲的,也可以是從網上下載的。制作類似于這種的功能的應用,有一個非常重要的問題需要考慮,就是圖片資源何時應該釋放。因為隨著GridView的滾動,加載的圖片可能會越來越多,如果沒有一種合理的機制對圖片進行釋放,那么當圖片達到一定上限時,程序就必然會崩潰。
今天我們照片墻應用的實現,重點也是放在了如何防止由于圖片過多導致程序崩潰上面。主要的核心算法使用了Android中提供的LruCache類,這個類是3.1版本中提供的,如果你是在更早的Android版本中開發,則需要導入android-support-v4的jar包。
關于LruCache用法的詳細講解,可以參考Android高效加載大圖、多圖解決方案 有效避免程序OOM。
那我們開始動手吧,新建一個Android項目,起名叫PhotoWallDemo,這里我使用的是Android 4.0的API。
第一個要考慮的問題就是,我們從哪兒去收集這么多的圖片呢?這里我從谷歌官方提供的Demo里將圖片源取了出來,我們就從這些網址中下載圖片,代碼如下所示:
public class Images { public final static String[] imageThumbUrls = new String[] { "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-55osAWw3x0Q/URquUtcFr5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/rWlj1RUKrYI/s160-c/A%252520Photographer.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--dq8niRp7W4/URquVgmXvgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/-gnuLQfNnBA/s160-c/A%252520Song%252520of%252520Ice%252520and%252520Fire.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-7qZeDtRKFKc/URquWZT1gOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hqWgteyNXsg/s160-c/Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--L0Km39l5J8/URquXHGcdNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3ZrSJNrSomQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Butte.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-8HO-4vIFnlw/URquZnsFgtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/WT8jViTF7vw/s160-c/Antelope%252520Hallway.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WIuWgVcU3Qw/URqubRVcj4I/AAAAAAAAAbs/YvbwgGjwdIQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Walls.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-UBmLbPELvoQ/URqucCdv0kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IdNhr2VQoQs/s160-c/Apre%2525CC%252580s%252520la%252520Pluie.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-s-AFpvgSeew/URquc6dF-JI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Mt3xNGRUd68/s160-c/Backlit%252520Cloud.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-bvmif9a9YOQ/URquea3heHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/rcr6wyeQtAo/s160-c/Bee%252520and%252520Flower.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-n7mdm7I7FGs/URqueT_BT-I/AAAAAAAAAbs/9MYmXlmpSAo/s160-c/Bonzai%252520Rock%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-4CN4X4t0M1k/URqufPozWzI/AAAAAAAAAbs/8wK41lg1KPs/s160-c/Caterpillar.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-rrFnVC8xQEg/URqufdrLBaI/AAAAAAAAAbs/s69WYy_fl1E/s160-c/Chess.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-WVpRptWH8Yw/URqugh-QmDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/E-MgBgtlUWU/s160-c/Chihuly.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-0BDXkYmckbo/URquhKFW84I/AAAAAAAAAbs/ogQtHCTk2JQ/s160-c/Closed%252520Door.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-PyggXXZRykM/URquh-kVvoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hFtDwhtrHHQ/s160-c/Colorado%252520River%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZAs4dNZtALc/URquikvOCWI/AAAAAAAAAbs/DXz4h4dll1Y/s160-c/Colors%252520of%252520Autumn.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-GztnWEIiMz8/URqukVCU7bI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jo2Hjv6MZ6M/s160-c/Countryside.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bEg9EZ9QoiM/URquklz3FGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/UUuv8Ac2BaE/s160-c/Death%252520Valley%252520-%252520Dunes.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-ijQJ8W68tEE/URqulGkvFEI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zPXvIwi_rFw/s160-c/Delicate%252520Arch.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Oh8mMy2ieng/URqullDwehI/AAAAAAAAAbs/TbdeEfsaIZY/s160-c/Despair.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-gl0y4UiAOlk/URqumC_KjBI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PM1eT7dn4oo/s160-c/Eagle%252520Fall%252520Sunrise.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-hYYHd2_vXPQ/URqumtJa9eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/wAalXVkbSh0/s160-c/Electric%252520Storm.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-PyY_yiyjPTo/URqunUOhHFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/azZoULNuJXc/s160-c/False%252520Kiva.jpg", 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"https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-fHY5h77QPi0/URqu0Cp4J1I/AAAAAAAAAbs/0lG6m94Z6vM/s160-c/Little%252520Bit%252520of%252520Paradise.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-TzF_LwrCnRM/URqu0RddPOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/gaj2dLiuX0s/s160-c/Lone%252520Pine%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-4HdpJ4_DXU4/URqu046dJ9I/AAAAAAAAAbs/eBOodtk2_uk/s160-c/Lonely%252520Rock.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-erbF--z-W4s/URqu1ajSLkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/xjDCDO1INzM/s160-c/Longue%252520Vue.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-0CXJRdJaqvc/URqu1opNZNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PFB2oPUU7Lk/s160-c/Look%252520Me%252520in%252520the%252520Eye.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-D_5lNxnDN6g/URqu2Tk7HVI/AAAAAAAAAbs/p0ddca9W__Y/s160-c/Lost%252520in%252520a%252520Field.jpg", "https://lh7.googleusercontent.com/-flsqwMrIk2Q/URqu24PcmjI/AAAAAAAAAbs/5ocIH85XofM/s160-c/Marshall%252520Beach%252520Sunset.jpg", 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圖片源已經有了,現在我們就該考慮在哪里放置這些圖片了。新建或打開activity_main.xml作為程序的主布局,加入如下代碼:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <GridView android:id="@+id/photo_wall" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:columnWidth="90dip" android:stretchMode="columnWidth" android:numColumns="auto_fit" android:verticalSpacing="10dip" android:gravity="center" ></GridView> </LinearLayout>
可以看到,我們在這個布局文件中僅加入了一個GridView,這也就是我們程序中的“墻”,所有的圖片都將貼在這個“墻”上。
接著我們定義GridView中每一個子View的布局,新建一個photo_layout.xml布局,加入如下代碼:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/photo" android:layout_width="90dip" android:layout_height="90dip" android:src="@drawable/empty_photo" android:layout_centerInParent="true" /> </RelativeLayout>
在每一個子View中我們就簡單使用了一個ImageView來顯示一張圖片。這樣所有的布局就已經定義好了。
接下來新建PhotoWallAdapter做為GridView的適配器,代碼如下所示:
public class PhotoWallAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> implements OnScrollListener { /** * 記錄所有正在下載或等待下載的任務。 */ private Set<BitmapWorkerTask> taskCollection; /** * 圖片緩存技術的核心類,用于緩存所有下載好的圖片,在程序內存達到設定值時會將最少最近使用的圖片移除掉。 */ private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache; /** * GridView的實例 */ private GridView mPhotoWall; /** * 第一張可見圖片的下標 */ private int mFirstVisibleItem; /** * 一屏有多少張圖片可見 */ private int mVisibleItemCount; /** * 記錄是否剛打開程序,用于解決進入程序不滾動屏幕,不會下載圖片的問題。 */ private boolean isFirstEnter = true; public PhotoWallAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, String[] objects, GridView photoWall) { super(context, textViewResourceId, objects); mPhotoWall = photoWall; taskCollection = new HashSet<BitmapWorkerTask>(); // 獲取應用程序最大可用內存 int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory(); int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8; // 設置圖片緩存大小為程序最大可用內存的1/8 mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) { @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { return bitmap.getByteCount(); } }; mPhotoWall.setOnScrollListener(this); } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { final String url = getItem(position); View view; if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.photo_layout, null); } else { view = convertView; } final ImageView photo = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.photo); // 給ImageView設置一個Tag,保證異步加載圖片時不會亂序 photo.setTag(url); setImageView(url, photo); return view; } /** * 給ImageView設置圖片。首先從LruCache中取出圖片的緩存,設置到ImageView上。如果LruCache中沒有該圖片的緩存, * 就給ImageView設置一張默認圖片。 * * @param imageUrl * 圖片的URL地址,用于作為LruCache的鍵。 * @param imageView * 用于顯示圖片的控件。 */ private void setImageView(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) { Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl); if (bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } else { imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo); } } /** * 將一張圖片存儲到LruCache中。 * * @param key * LruCache的鍵,這里傳入圖片的URL地址。 * @param bitmap * LruCache的鍵,這里傳入從網絡上下載的Bitmap對象。 */ public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { if (getBitmapFromMemoryCache(key) == null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap); } } /** * 從LruCache中獲取一張圖片,如果不存在就返回null。 * * @param key * LruCache的鍵,這里傳入圖片的URL地址。 * @return 對應傳入鍵的Bitmap對象,或者null。 */ public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemoryCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); } @Override public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) { // 僅當GridView靜止時才去下載圖片,GridView滑動時取消所有正在下載的任務 if (scrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) { loadBitmaps(mFirstVisibleItem, mVisibleItemCount); } else { cancelAllTasks(); } } @Override public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) { mFirstVisibleItem = firstVisibleItem; mVisibleItemCount = visibleItemCount; // 下載的任務應該由onScrollStateChanged里調用,但首次進入程序時onScrollStateChanged并不會調用, // 因此在這里為首次進入程序開啟下載任務。 if (isFirstEnter && visibleItemCount > 0) { loadBitmaps(firstVisibleItem, visibleItemCount); isFirstEnter = false; } } /** * 加載Bitmap對象。此方法會在LruCache中檢查所有屏幕中可見的ImageView的Bitmap對象, * 如果發現任何一個ImageView的Bitmap對象不在緩存中,就會開啟異步線程去下載圖片。 * * @param firstVisibleItem * 第一個可見的ImageView的下標 * @param visibleItemCount * 屏幕中總共可見的元素數 */ private void loadBitmaps(int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount) { try { for (int i = firstVisibleItem; i < firstVisibleItem + visibleItemCount; i++) { String imageUrl = Images.imageThumbUrls[i]; Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl); if (bitmap == null) { BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(); taskCollection.add(task); task.execute(imageUrl); } else { ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl); if (imageView != null && bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 取消所有正在下載或等待下載的任務。 */ public void cancelAllTasks() { if (taskCollection != null) { for (BitmapWorkerTask task : taskCollection) { task.cancel(false); } } } /** * 異步下載圖片的任務。 * * @author guolin */ class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap> { /** * 圖片的URL地址 */ private String imageUrl; @Override protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) { imageUrl = params[0]; // 在后臺開始下載圖片 Bitmap bitmap = downloadBitmap(params[0]); if (bitmap != null) { // 圖片下載完成后緩存到LrcCache中 addBitmapToMemoryCache(params[0], bitmap); } return bitmap; } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) { super.onPostExecute(bitmap); // 根據Tag找到相應的ImageView控件,將下載好的圖片顯示出來。 ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl); if (imageView != null && bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } taskCollection.remove(this); } /** * 建立HTTP請求,并獲取Bitmap對象。 * * @param imageUrl * 圖片的URL地址 * @return 解析后的Bitmap對象 */ private Bitmap downloadBitmap(String imageUrl) { Bitmap bitmap = null; HttpURLConnection con = null; try { URL url = new URL(imageUrl); con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); con.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); con.setReadTimeout(10 * 1000); bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(con.getInputStream()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (con != null) { con.disconnect(); } } return bitmap; } } }
PhotoWallAdapter是整個照片墻程序中最關鍵的一個類了,這里我來重點給大家講解一下。首先在PhotoWallAdapter的構造函數中,我們初始化了LruCache類,并設置了最大緩存容量為程序最大可用內存的1/8,接下來又為GridView注冊了一個滾動監聽器。然后在getView()方法中,我們為每個ImageView設置了一個唯一的Tag,這個Tag的作用是為了后面能夠準確地找回這個ImageView,不然異步加載圖片會出現亂序的情況。之后調用了setImageView()方法為ImageView設置一張圖片,這個方法首先會從LruCache緩存中查找是否已經緩存了這張圖片,如果成功找到則將緩存中的圖片顯示在ImageView上,否則就顯示一張默認的空圖片。
看了半天,那到底是在哪里下載圖片的呢?這是在GridView的滾動監聽器中進行的,在onScrollStateChanged()方法中,我們對GridView的滾動狀態進行了判斷,如果當前GridView是靜止的,則調用loadBitmaps()方法去下載圖片,如果GridView正在滾動,則取消掉所有下載任務,這樣可以保證GridView滾動的流暢性。在loadBitmaps()方法中,我們為屏幕上所有可見的GridView子元素開啟了一個線程去執行下載任務,下載成功后將圖片存儲到LruCache當中,然后通過Tag找到相應的ImageView控件,把下載好的圖片顯示出來。
由于我們使用了LruCache來緩存圖片,所以不需要擔心內存溢出的情況,當LruCache中存儲圖片的總大小達到容量上限的時候,會自動把最近最少使用的圖片從緩存中移除。
最后新建或打開MainActivity作為程序的主Activity,代碼如下所示:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { /** * 用于展示照片墻的GridView */ private GridView mPhotoWall; /** * GridView的適配器 */ private PhotoWallAdapter adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mPhotoWall = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.photo_wall); adapter = new PhotoWallAdapter(this, 0, Images.imageThumbUrls, mPhotoWall); mPhotoWall.setAdapter(adapter); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); // 退出程序時結束所有的下載任務 adapter.cancelAllTasks(); } }
MainActivity中的代碼非常簡單,沒什么需要說明的了,在Activity被銷毀時取消掉了所有的下載任務,避免程序在后臺耗費流量。另外由于我們使用了網絡功能,別忘了在AndroidManifest.xml中加入網絡權限的聲明。
現在可以運行一下程序了,效果如下圖所示:
可以看到,滾動照片墻,會異步加載圖片到相應的ImageView上。隨著加載圖片的增多,會釋放掉一些之前加載過的圖片,你多滾動幾次就可以看得出了。另外為了能讓大家明顯看出圖片的釋放情況,我在這個程序中沒有使用本地緩存,所有被釋放掉的圖片再次顯示需要從網絡上再下載一遍。在實際的項目中配合適當的本地緩存效果會更好。
打開DDMS,我們可以發現,由于有LruCache幫我們管理圖片緩存,不管如何滾動照片墻,程序內存始終會保持在一個合理的范圍內。
感謝你能夠認真閱讀完這篇文章,希望小編分享的“Android怎么實現照片墻效果”這篇文章對大家有幫助,同時也希望大家多多支持億速云,關注億速云行業資訊頻道,更多相關知識等著你來學習!
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