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本篇文章給大家分享的是有關如何在Android中獲取時間的記錄,小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家學習,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲,話不多說,跟著小編一起來看看吧。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.CUPCAKE) @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //timestamp TextView timestamp = findViewById(R.id.timestamp_show); timestamp.setText("timestamp:" + System.currentTimeMillis()); //date Date date = new Date(); TextView date_show = findViewById(R.id.date_show); date_show.setText("Date:" + date.toString()); //Calendar TextView calendar_show = findViewById(R.id.calendar_show); Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR); int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH); int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DATE); int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR); int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND); String calendar_show_string = "Calendar:" + year + "-" + month + "-" + day + " " + hour + ":" + minute + ":" + second; calendar_show.setText(calendar_show_string); //Time TextView time_show = findViewById(R.id.time_show); Time time = new Time(); time.setToNow(); int time_year = time.year; int time_month = time.month; int time_day = time.monthDay; int time_hour = time.hour; int time_minute = time.minute; int time_second = time.second; String time_show_string = "Time:" + time_year + "-" + time_month + "-" + time_day + " " + time_hour + ":" + time_minute + ":" + time_second; time_show.setText(time_show_string); //SimpleDateFormat TextView simpleDateFormat_show = findViewById(R.id.simpleDateFormat_show); SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String simpleDateFormat_tring = "SimpleDateFormat:" + format.format(new Date()); simpleDateFormat_show.setText(simpleDateFormat_tring); Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: Long的最大值:" + Long.MAX_VALUE); }
根據自己使用過的以及網上搜索得到的結果,整理記錄了以下方法
1 timestamp
2 date
3 SimpleDateFormat
4 Calendar
5 Time
1 timestamp
//timestamp TextView timestamp = findViewById(R.id.timestamp_show); timestamp.setText("timestamp:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
timestamp,時間戳。
使用時調用System類的currentTimeMillis()方法,該方法的描述是:
/** * Returns the current time in milliseconds. Note that * while the unit of time of the return value is a millisecond, * the granularity of the value depends on the underlying * operating system and may be larger. For example, many * operating systems measure time in units of tens of * milliseconds. * * <p> See the description of the class <code>Date</code> for * a discussion of slight discrepancies that may arise between * "computer time" and coordinated universal time (UTC). * * @return the difference, measured in milliseconds, between * the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC. * @see java.util.Date */ public static native long currentTimeMillis();
可以看出,該方法返回的是long類型的結果,結果記錄的是midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC至今經過的毫秒數(milliseconds)。
System.currentTimeMillis()是一個native方法,是一個C/C++方法,由系統測量時間戳并返回測量結果,根據注釋描述,測量結果可能偏大,因為有些操作系統測量時間是以十毫秒為單位的,類Date中討論了關于系統時間和UTC時間產生差異的原因,可自行觀看!
Note:
UTC(coordinated universal time)是民用時間的標準,眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽公轉一周的時間定義為一年,地球自轉一周定義為一天。有科學報道說,地球漫長的公轉中其實是在緩慢的接近太陽,不管是否屬實,自轉和公轉會產生一些變化也是不可避免的,UTC就是正確測量時間的規則,當測量到需要校正時間時,會以毫秒為單位進行調整,稱之為閏秒(leap seconds),后面Time會提到!
System.currentTimeMillis()的返回結果是一個記錄從1970開始的毫秒數的long型結果,最容易想到的是long是有范圍區間的,如果有一天記錄的毫秒數超出long的范圍怎么辦!所以我計算了以下,long的最大值為0x7fff,ffff,ffff,ffff,取整大約為922億億,一年算365天,不考慮閏年,一天246060*60毫秒一年取整大約18億毫秒,922億/18,大約為50億年,考慮到太陽的壽命,貌似也有用盡的一天。。。。但是,那么長的時間,鬼知道會發展成什么樣!
2 Date
//date Date date = new Date(); TextView date_show = findViewById(R.id.date_show); date_show.setText("Date:" + date.toString());
通過實例化Date類獲取date實例從而獲取時間,簡單通過toString()打印結果
Date類的注釋特別描述了
日歷記時中,一年定為365天,閏年多一天,這表明,時間并不總是一天246060*60毫秒,需要用閏年加一天來調整。在coordinated universal time (UTC)的時間定義中,是通過閏秒(leap second)來調整時間的,并且總是在6月30日或12月31日,具體表現為該類對秒的限制在0 to 61,60和61發生在leap second時。
構造函數
public Date() { this(System.currentTimeMillis()); } public Date(long date) { fastTime = date; } /** * @param year the year minus 1900. * @param month the month between 0-11. * @param date the day of the month between 1-31. * @param hrs the hours between 0-23. * @param min the minutes between 0-59. * @param sec the seconds between 0-59. * @see java.util.Calendar * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1, * replaced by <code>Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date, * hrs, min, sec)</code> or <code>GregorianCalendar(year + 1900, * month, date, hrs, min, sec)</code>. */ @Deprecated public Date(int year, int month, int date, int hrs, int min, int sec) { int y = year + 1900; // month is 0-based. So we have to normalize month to support Long.MAX_VALUE. if (month >= 12) { y += month / 12; month %= 12; } else if (month < 0) { y += CalendarUtils.floorDivide(month, 12); month = CalendarUtils.mod(month, 12); } BaseCalendar cal = getCalendarSystem(y); cdate = (BaseCalendar.Date) cal.newCalendarDate(TimeZone.getDefaultRef()); cdate.setNormalizedDate(y, month + 1, date).setTimeOfDay(hrs, min, sec, 0); getTimeImpl(); cdate = null; }
無參大Date()直接把System.currentTimeMillis()的時間戳返回給fastTime,另一個就是設定好年月日時分秒來創建對象,其中的設定是年是1900+參數year并且也對月份超出范圍做出了處理,但是該構造方法已是@Deprecated(棄用)了
Date類中大部分的方法都已經棄用,要特別是單獨獲取年或者月等信息的方法,基本上都已經棄用,留下的有打印即toString()和一些比較等功能性的方法
3 SimpleDateFormat
//SimpleDateFormat TextView simpleDateFormat_show = findViewById(R.id.simpleDateFormat_show); SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String simpleDateFormat_tring = "SimpleDateFormat:" + format.format(new Date()); simpleDateFormat_show.setText(simpleDateFormat_tring);
SimpleDateFormat類的核心是Text的formatting(格式化)和Time的parsing(解析),SimpleDateFormat()通過傳入一個字符串來格式化需要的表現形式,樣例中通過調用format()傳入Date無參對象,實際上是調用System.currentTimeMillis()獲取最基本的時間,SimpleDateFormat類的作用是把傳入的Date類時間定制化封裝,從而得到需要的結果。
Note:
關于SimpleDateFormat類,可以很自由的定制表現形式,年月日時分秒,時間格式,AD/BC。。。
定制化所用字母的含義:
G => AD/BC(年份為負數時),1+
y => Year,1+
Y => Week year,24+
M => Month in year,1+
w => Week in year,1+
W => Week in month,1+
D => Day in year,1+
d => Day in month,1+
F => Day of week in month,1+
E => Day name in week,1+
u => Day number of week(1 = Monday, ..., 7 = Sunday),24+
a => Am/pm marker,1+
H => Hour in day (0-23),1+
k => Hour in day (1-24),1+
K => Hour in am/pm (0-11),1+
h => Hour in am/pm (1-12),1+
m => Minute in hour,1+
s => Second in minute,1+
S => Millisecond,1+
z => Time zone:General time zone,PST,GMT-08:00,1+
Z => Time zone:RFC 822 time zone,1+
X => Time zone:ISO 8601 time zone,1+
定制化使用"字符串",在該字符串中使用'字符'表示在年月日等數據外的部分,如分隔符
SimpleDateFormat類的時間格式定制包括年月日等數據的表現形式,連接符,日期格式的描述,如Time zone,AM/PM,AD/BC。。。
SimpleDateFormat類中存在的問題是線程同步
/** * Date formats are not synchronized. * It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread. * If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized * externally. */
SimpleDateFormat是線程不同步的,要在多線程中使用則要在線程外同步.
4 Calendar
//Calendar TextView calendar_show = findViewById(R.id.calendar_show); Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR); int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH); int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DATE); int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR); int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND); String calendar_show_string = "Calendar:" + year + "-" + month + "-" + day + " " + hour + ":" + minute + ":" + second; calendar_show.setText(calendar_show_string);
Calendar是一個抽象類通過其內定義的Calendar.getInstance()靜態方法實例化對象而該靜態方法最終是通過返回一個new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale)來實現初始化!
Calendar類內部定義了關于時間需要用到的索引并用一個int數組存儲相關數據
public final static int ERA = 0; public final static int YEAR = 1; public final static int MONTH = 2; public final static int WEEK_OF_YEAR = 3; ... @SuppressWarnings("ProtectedField") protected int fields[]; public int get(int field) { complete(); return internalGet(field); } protected final int internalGet(int field) { return fields[field]; }
Calendar類的簡單實用就是通過調用get方法從數組中獲取相應的數據
5 Time
//Time TextView time_show = findViewById(R.id.time_show); Time time = new Time(); time.setToNow(); int time_year = time.year; int time_month = time.month; int time_day = time.monthDay; int time_hour = time.hour; int time_minute = time.minute; int time_second = time.second; String time_show_string = "Time:" + time_year + "-" + time_month + "-" + time_day + " " + time_hour + ":" + time_minute + ":" + time_second; time_show.setText(time_show_string);
把這段代碼打入到剪輯器,你會看到Time這個類是棄用了的
官方的注釋解釋是這樣的
/** * An alternative to the {@link java.util.Calendar} and * {@link java.util.GregorianCalendar} classes. An instance of the Time class represents * a moment in time, specified with second precision. It is modelled after * struct tm. This class is not thread-safe and does not consider leap seconds. */
可以看到,描述上說,這是線程不安全的類,同時也沒有處理leap seconds(閏秒)的能力,還舉出了幾個例子。
雖然是棄用的方法,但是還是可以看看怎么使用Time類的,簡單地說,就是通過對象.變量的形式獲取,也就是說,Time不像Calendar類那樣使用數組存儲數據,Time就是通過創建public int 數據 的形式來保存數據,也就是這些數據都是public的
總的來說,獲取數據的時候,通過Time的形式,如int time_hour = time.hour;這樣的寫法,其實才是最舒服的(個人感覺),當然,最重要的還是安全問題
以上就是如何在Android中獲取時間的記錄,小編相信有部分知識點可能是我們日常工作會見到或用到的。希望你能通過這篇文章學到更多知識。更多詳情敬請關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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