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如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

發布時間：2020-05-21 22:23:03 來源：億速云 閱讀：261 作者：鴿子 欄目：編程語言

首先是一個普通的登陸頁面實現

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

登錄頁面login.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>登陸頁</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
    </head>
    <body>
        <div>
            <div class="card col-12 mt-5">
                <div>
                    <h5>
                        用戶登錄
                    </h5>
                    <div class="col-12 mt-4 d-flex justify-content-center">
                        <form method="post" action="action.php">
                            <input type="hidden" name="action" value="login">
                            <div>
                                <label for="username">用戶名</label>
                                <input type="text"
                                       class="form-control"
                                       id="username"
                                       name="username"
                                       placeholder="請輸入用戶名">
                            </div>
                            <div>
                                <label for="password">密碼</label>
                                <input type="password"
                                       class="form-control"
                                       id="password"
                                       name="password"
                                       placeholder="請輸入密碼">
                            </div>
                            <div class="form-group form-check">
                                <input type="checkbox"
                                       class="form-check-input"
                                       id="remember"
                                       name="remember">
                                <label
                                       for="remember">
                                    在這臺電腦上記住我的登錄狀態
                                </label>
                            </div>
                            <button type="submit"
                                    class="btn btn-primary">
                                登錄
                            </button>
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

登錄功能實現action.php

  <?php
    session_start();
    switch ($_REQUEST['action']) {
        case 'login':
            $username = $_POST['username'];
            $password = $_POST['password'];
            $remember = $_POST['remember'];
            $user = getUser();
            if ($username != $user['username']) {
                // 登錄失敗
                sendLoginFailedResponse();
            }
            if ($password != $user['password']) {
                // 登錄失敗
                sendLoginFailedResponse();
            }
            if ($remember) {
                rememberLogin($username);
            }
            $_SESSION['username'] = $username;
            header("location:index.php");
            break;
        case 'logout':
            session_unset();
            setcookie("username", "", time() - 1);
            header("location:login.php");
            break;
    }
    function getUser() {
        return array(
            "username" => "cyy",
            "password" => "123456"
        );
    }
    function sendLoginFailedResponse() {
        $response = "<script>
    alert('用戶名或密碼錯誤！');
    window.location='login.php';
    </script>";
        echo $response;
        die;
    }
    function rememberLogin($username) {
        setcookie("username", $username, time() + 7 * 24 * 3600);
    }

首頁index.php

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

<?php
    session_start();
    if (rememberedLogin()) {
        $_SESSION['username'] = $_COOKIE['username'];
    }
    if (!hasLoggedIn()) {
        header("location:login.php");
        die;
    }
    function hasLoggedIn() {
        return isset($_SESSION['username']) && validateUsername($_SESSION['username']);
    }
    function validateUsername($username) {
        return $username == "cyy";
    }
    function rememberedLogin() {
        return isset($_COOKIE['username']) && validateUsername($_COOKIE['username']);
    }
    ?>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
        <head>
            <title>主頁</title>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-MCw98/SFnGE8fJT3GXwEOngsV7Zt27NXFoaoApmYm81iuXoPkFOJwJ8ERdknLPMO" crossorigin="anonymous">
        </head>
        <body>
            <div>
                <nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light">
                    <a>
                        使用 Cookie 和 Session 實現會話控制
                    </a>
                    <a href="action.php?action=logout">
                        <button class="btn btn-outline-danger my-2 my-sm-0"
                                type="button">
                            注銷
                        </button>
                    </a>
                </nav>
                <div class="d-flex justify-content-around mt-5">
                    <div class="card col-5">
                        <div>
                            <h6>
                                會話控制實戰內容一
                            </h6>
                            <h7 class="card-subtitle mb-2 text-muted">
                                SESSION 部分
                            </h7>
                            <p>
                                實現用戶認證功能，用戶登錄、退出與身份識別
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card col-5">
                        <div>
                            <h6>
                                會話控制實戰內容二
                            </h6>
                            <h7 class="card-subtitle mb-2 text-muted">
                                COOKIE 部分
                            </h7>
                            <p>
                                實現登錄記住用戶功能，七天免登錄認證
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="d-flex justify-content-around mt-4">
                    <div class="card col-5">
                        <div>
                            <h6>
                                會話控制實戰內容一
                            </h6>
                            <h7 class="card-subtitle mb-2 text-muted">
                                SESSION 部分
                            </h7>
                            <p>
                                實現用戶認證功能，用戶登錄、退出與身份識別
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="card col-5">
                        <div>
                            <h6>
                                會話控制實戰內容二
                            </h6>
                            <h7 class="card-subtitle mb-2 text-muted">
                                COOKIE 部分
                            </h7>
                            <p>
                                實現登錄記住用戶功能，七天免登錄認證
                            </p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </body>
    </html>

接下來是會話控制實例：許愿墻源碼

許愿墻首頁index.php

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

  <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
        <title>許愿墻</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="Css/index.css" />
        <script type="text/javascript" src='Js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js'></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src='Js/index.js'></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id='top'>
            <a href="wish.php"><span id='send'></span></a>
        </div>
        <div id='main'>
            <?php
            //連接數據庫
            $connection=mysqli_connect('127.0.0.1','root','123456');
            if(mysqli_connect_error()){
                die(mysqli_connect_error());
            }
            mysqli_select_db($connection,'wall');
            mysqli_set_charset($connection,'utf8');
            $sql="SELECT * FROM wall";
            $result=mysqli_query($connection,$sql);
            //顯示留言
            while($row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)){
                $wish_time=$row['wish_time'];
                $time=date('Y-m-d H:i:s',$wish_time);
                $id=$row['id'];
                //判斷留言板顏色
                switch($row['color']){
                    case 'a1':
                        echo "<dl class='paper a1'>";
                        break;
                    case 'a2':
                        echo "<dl class='paper a2'>";
                        break;
                    case 'a3':
                        echo "<dl class='paper a3'>";
                        break;
                    case 'a4':
                        echo "<dl class='paper a4'>";
                        break;
                    case 'a5':
                        echo "<dl class='paper a5'>";
                        break;
                    default:
                        echo "<dl class='paper a1'>";
                        break;
                }
                echo "<dt>";
                echo "<span>{$row['name']}</span>";
                echo "<span>No.{$row['id']}</span>";
                echo "</dt>";
                echo "<dd>{$row['content']}</dd>";
                echo "<dd>";
                echo "<span>{$time}</span>";
                echo "<a href=\"delete.php?num={$id}\"></a>";
                echo "</dd>";
                echo "</dl>";
            }
            mysqli_close($connection);
            ?>
        </div>
        
    <!--[if IE 6]>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="./Js/iepng.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            DD_belatedPNG.fix('#send,#close,.close','background');
        </script>
    <![endif]-->
    </body>
    </html>

添加愿望頁面wish.php

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

<!DOCTYPE  >
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
        <title>許愿墻</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="Css/index.css" />
        <script type="text/javascript" src='Js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js'></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src='Js/index.js'></script>
        <style type="text/css">
            #content {
                width: 638px;
                height:650px;
                margin:0 auto;
                margin-top:100px;
                /*background-color:#F0FAFF;
                border:2px solid #C9F;*/
            }
            #content .c-top{
                width: 638px;
                height: 80px;
                background: url(./Images/content_top.jpg) no-repeat;
            }
            #content .c-bottom{
                width: 638px;
                height: 50px;
                background: url(./Images/content_bottom.jpg) no-repeat;
            }
            .c-content{
                width: 638px;
                height: 470px;
                background: url(./Images/content_bg.jpg) repeat;
            }
            .papercolor{
                width:588px;
                height: 60px;
                margin-left: 35px;
                padding-top:15px;
            }
            .p-left{
                float: left;
                width: 120px;
                line-height: 27px;
            }p-left
            .p-right{
                float: left;            
            }
            .color330{
                float: left;
                margin-left: 20px;
                border-right: #404040 1px solid; 
                border-top: #404040 1px solid;  
                border-left:#404040 1px solid;
                width: 25px;
                cursor: pointer;
                border-bottom: #404040 1px solid;
                height: 25px;
            }
            .papercontent{
                width: 588px;
                height: 210px;
                margin-left: 35px;
            }
            .left{
                width: 294px;
                height:100px;
                float: left;
            }
            .right{
                width: 294px;
                height:100px;
                float: left;
            }
            .left-top{
                margin-bottom: 10px;
            }
            .left-bottom{
            }
            .right-top{
                margin-bottom: 10px;
            }
            .right-bottom{
                width:200px;
                height:150px;
                border: 1px solid orange;
                margin-left:20px;
                background-color:#E8DEFF;
            }
            .name{
                clear: both;
                width: 588px;
                height: 50px;
                margin-left: 35px;
                margin-top:10px;
            }
            .name-left{
                width:60px;
                height: 26px;
                line-height: 26px;
                float: left;
            }
            .name-right{
                float: left;
            }
            .name-right input{
                width: 200px;
                height: 26px;
            }
            .code{
                clear: both;
                width: 588px;
                height: 50px;
                margin-left: 35px;
                margin-top:10px;
            }
            .code-left{
                width:50px;
                height: 26px;
                line-height: 26px;
                float: left;
            }
            .code-content{
                width:100px;
                float: left;
            }
            .code-content input{
                width: 100px;
                height: 26px;
            }
            .code-right{
                float:left;
                margin-left: 10px;
            }
            .code-right input{
                width: 40px;
                height: 26px;
                background-color: pink;
            }
            .submit{
                width:174px;
                height:38px;
                background: url(./Images/pic_submit.gif) no-repeat;
                margin-left:217px;
            }
            .shuname{
                width:80px;
                height:25px;
                margin-left: 120px;
            }
            span{
                font-size: 13px;
                font-family: "微軟雅黑";
            }
        </style>
        
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id='top'></div>
        <div id="content">
            <div></div>
            <form action="add.php" method="post" id="myfrom">
                <div>
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <span>請選擇紙條顏色:</span>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <div id="a1" style="background:#FFDFFF"></div>
                              <div id="a2" style="background:#C3FEC0"></div>
                              <div id="a3" style="background:#FFE3b8"></div>
                              <div id="a4" style="background:#CEECFF"></div>
                             <div id="a5" style="background:#E8DEFF"></div>
                             <input type="hidden" value="" name="idvalue" id="idvalue">                   
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <span>輸入你的祝福紙條內容:</span>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                                <textarea cols="25" rows="8" id="textfont" name="textfont"></textarea>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <span>紙條效果預覽:</span>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                                <div style="height:15px"><span>第x條</span><br/></div>
                                 <div style="height:100px;margin-top:10px"><span id="font"></span></div>
                                 <div><span id="name">署名:</span></div>            
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <span>您的署名:</span>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <input id="nameright" type="text" name="name" value="">
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <span>驗證碼:</span>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <input id="codeone" type="text" name="recode" value=""><span></span>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <input id="codetwo" type="text" name="code" value="<?php echo mt_rand(1000,9999); ?>" readonly>
                        </div>                
                    </div>
                    <!--<div><button type="submit" style="width:174px;height:38px"></button></div>-->
                    <input style="BORDER-RIGHT: #f33b78 1px outset; BORDER-TOP: #f33b78 1px outset; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; BORDER-LEFT: #f33b78 1px outset; COLOR: #ffffff; BORDER-BOTTOM: #f33b78 1px outset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #70ae0b;margin-left: 225px" type="submit" value="→ 開始貼許愿小紙條 ←" name="submit" id="submit">
                    
                        <a href="index.php"><input type="button" name="Submit2" value="返回"></a>    
                </div>
            </form>
            <hr/ style="color:orange;width:550">
            <div></div>
        </div>
    <!--[if IE 6]>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="./Js/iepng.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            DD_belatedPNG.fix('#send,#close,.close','background');
        </script>
    <![endif]-->
        <script type="text/javascript">
            //改變顏色
            $(".color330").click(function(){            
                var value=$(this).css("background-color");
                var idvalue=$(this).attr("id");
                console.log(idvalue);
                $("#idvalue").attr("value",idvalue);
                $(".right-bottom").css("background-color",value);
            })
            //改變值觸發的事件
            var textfont = document.getElementById('textfont');
            var font = document.getElementById('font');
            textfont.onchange=function(){
                font.innerHTML=textfont.value;            
            }
            //改變值觸發的事件
            var nameright = document.getElementById('nameright');
            nameright.onchange=function(){
                document.getElementById("name").innerText="署名: "+nameright.value;    
            }
            
            //在填寫完畢驗證碼之后驗證是否一致
            var codeone = document.getElementById('codeone');
            var codetwo = document.getElementById('codetwo');
            //表單時區焦點事件
            codeone.onblur=function(){
                //驗證兩次驗證碼是否一致
                if(codeone.value != codetwo.value){
                    this.nextSibling.innerHTML='驗證碼不一致!'
                    this.nextSibling.style.color='red';
                }
            }
            $( '#submit' ).click( function () {
                window.location.href="add.php"; 
            } );
                
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>

新增愿望實現add.php

    <?php
    // 獲取表單提交數據
    $name=$_POST['name'];
    $textfont=$_POST['textfont'];
    $wish_time=time();
    $color=$_POST['idvalue'];
    // 數據庫操作
    $connection=mysqli_connect('127.0.0.1','root','123456');
    if(mysqli_connect_error()){
        die(mysqli_connect_error());
    }
    mysqli_select_db($connection,'wall');
    mysqli_set_charset($connection,'utf8');
    $sql="INSERT INTO wall(content,name,wish_time,color) VALUES('$textfont','$name',$wish_time,'$color')";
    $result=mysqli_query($connection,$sql);
    if($result){
        echo '<script>alert("發布成功！");document.location = "index.php";</script>';
    }else{
        echo '<script>alert("發布失敗！");document.location = "index.php";</script>';
    }
    mysqli_close($connection);
    ?>

刪除愿望delete.php

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

    <?php
    //接受要刪除的留言id
    $num=$_GET['num'];
    // 數據庫操作
    $connection=mysqli_connect('127.0.0.1','root','123456');
    if(mysqli_connect_error()){
        die(mysqli_connect_error());
    }
    mysqli_select_db($connection,'wall');
    mysqli_set_charset($connection,'utf8');
    $sql="DELETE FROM wall WHERE id=$num";
    $result=mysqli_query($connection,$sql);
    if($result){
        echo '<script>alert("刪除成功！");document.location = "index.php";</script>';
    }else{
        echo '<script>alert("刪除失敗！");document.location = "index.php";</script>';
    }
    mysqli_close($connection);
    ?>

附上數據庫結構wall.sql

-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 4.8.5
-- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
--
-- 主機： localhost
-- 生成日期： 2019-08-18 22:08:38
-- 服務器版本： 8.0.12
-- PHP 版本： 7.3.4
SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;
START TRANSACTION;
SET time_zone = "+00:00";
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
--
-- 數據庫： `wall`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的結構 `wall`
--
CREATE TABLE `wall` (
  `id` tinyint(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '留言編號',
  `content` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '留言內容',
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '匿名的寶寶' COMMENT '署名',
  `wish_time` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '留言時間',
  `color` char(2) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '留言背景色'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- 轉存表中的數據 `wall`
--
INSERT INTO `wall` (`id`, `content`, `name`, `wish_time`, `color`) VALUES
(17, '111', '111', 1566136880, 'a1'),
(19, '333', '333', 1566136894, 'a3'),
(21, '555', '555', 1566136911, 'a5'),
(24, '9999', '9999', 1566137235, 'a4');
--
-- 轉儲表的索引
--
--
-- 表的索引 `wall`
--
ALTER TABLE `wall`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`);
--
-- 在導出的表使用AUTO_INCREMENT
--
--
-- 使用表AUTO_INCREMENT `wall`
--
ALTER TABLE `wall`
  MODIFY `id` tinyint(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '留言編號', AUTO_INCREMENT=26;
COMMIT;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;

知識點補充：

【使用 COOKIE 實現會話控制】

用于存儲用戶關鍵信息

保存在客戶端（瀏覽器）

通過 HTTP 請求/響應頭傳輸

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

【COOKIE 失效】

● COOKIE過期

● 用戶手動刪除 COOKIE

● 服務器清除 COOKIE 的有效性

【使用 SESSION 實現會話控制】

● 用于存儲用戶相關信息

● 保存在服務端

● 通過保存在客戶端的 SESSION ID 來定位 SESSION 內容

如何用會話控制實現頁面登錄與注銷

【SESSION 失效/清除】

● COOKIE過期（關閉瀏覽器）

● 用戶手動刪除 COOKIE

● 服務端刪除 SESSION 文件或清空 SESSION 內容

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