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地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/47TUd96NMz67_PCDyvyInQ
Eureka是一種基于REST(Representational State Transfer)的服務,主要用于AWS云,用于定位服務,以實現中間層服務器的負載平衡和故障轉移。我們將此服務稱為Eureka Server。Eureka還附帶了一個基于Java的客戶端組件Eureka Client,它使與服務的交互變得更加容易。客戶端還有一個內置的負載均衡器,可以進行基本的循環負載均衡。在Netflix,一個更復雜的負載均衡器包含Eureka基于流量,資源使用,錯誤條件等多種因素提供加權負載平衡,以提供卓越的彈性。
先看一張 github 上 Netflix Eureka 的一架構圖,如下:
從圖可以看出在這個體系中,有2個角色,即Eureka Server和Eureka Client。而Eureka Client又分為Applicaton Service和Application Client,即服務提供者何服務消費者。 每個區域有一個Eureka集群,并且每個區域至少有一個eureka服務器可以處理區域故障,以防服務器癱瘓。
Eureka Client 在 Eureka Server 注冊,然后Eureka Client 每30秒向 Eureka Server 發送一次心跳來更新一次租約。如果 Eureka Client 無法續訂租約幾次,則會在大約90秒內 Eureka Server 將其從服務器注冊表中刪除。注冊信息和續訂將復制到群集中的所有 Eureka Server 節點。來自任何區域的客戶端都可以查找注冊表信息(每30秒發生一次)根據這些注冊表信息,Application Client 可以遠程調用 Applicaton Service 來消費服務。
基于Spring Cloud的 eureka 的 client 端在啟動類上加上 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解,就可以 用 NetFlix 提供的 Eureka client。下面就以 @EnableDiscoveryClient 為入口,進行Eureka Client的源碼分析。
@EnableDiscoveryClient,通過源碼可以發現這是一個標記注解:
/**
* Annotation to enable a DiscoveryClient implementation.
* @author Spencer Gibb
*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(EnableDiscoveryClientImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableDiscoveryClient {
boolean autoRegister() default true;
}
通過注釋可以知道 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解是用來 啟用 DiscoveryClient 的實現,DiscoveryClient接口代碼如下:
public interface DiscoveryClient {
String description();
List<ServiceInstance> getInstances(String serviceId);
List<String> getServices();
}
接口說明:
DiscoveryClient 接口的實現結構圖:
EurekaDiscoveryClient 是 Eureka 對 DiscoveryClient接口的實現,代碼如下:
public class EurekaDiscoveryClient implements DiscoveryClient {
public static final String DESCRIPTION = "Spring Cloud Eureka Discovery Client";
private final EurekaInstanceConfig config;
private final EurekaClient eurekaClient;
public EurekaDiscoveryClient(EurekaInstanceConfig config, EurekaClient eurekaClient) {
this.config = config;
this.eurekaClient = eurekaClient;
}
@Override
public String description() {
return DESCRIPTION;
}
@Override
public List<ServiceInstance> getInstances(String serviceId) {
List<InstanceInfo> infos = this.eurekaClient.getInstancesByVipAddress(serviceId,
false);
List<ServiceInstance> instances = new ArrayList<>();
for (InstanceInfo info : infos) {
instances.add(new EurekaServiceInstance(info));
}
return instances;
}
@Override
public List<String> getServices() {
Applications applications = this.eurekaClient.getApplications();
if (applications == null) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<Application> registered = applications.getRegisteredApplications();
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
for (Application app : registered) {
if (app.getInstances().isEmpty()) {
continue;
}
names.add(app.getName().toLowerCase());
}
return names;
}
}
從代碼可以看出 EurekaDiscoveryClient 實現了 DiscoveryClient 定義的規范接口,真正實現發現服務的是 EurekaClient,下面是 EurekaClient 依賴結構圖:
EurekaClient 唯一實現類 DiscoveryClient,DiscoveryClient 的構造方法如下:
@Inject
DiscoveryClient(ApplicationInfoManager applicationInfoManager, EurekaClientConfig config, AbstractDiscoveryClientOptionalArgs args,
Provider<BackupRegistry> backupRegistryProvider) {
//省略...
try {
// default size of 2 - 1 each for heartbeat and cacheRefresh
scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2,
new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("DiscoveryClient-%d")
.setDaemon(true)
.build());
heartbeatExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1, clientConfig.getHeartbeatExecutorThreadPoolSize(), 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("DiscoveryClient-HeartbeatExecutor-%d")
.setDaemon(true)
.build()
); // use direct handoff
cacheRefreshExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1, clientConfig.getCacheRefreshExecutorThreadPoolSize(), 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("DiscoveryClient-CacheRefreshExecutor-%d")
.setDaemon(true)
.build()
); // use direct handoff
//省略...
initScheduledTasks();
try {
Monitors.registerObject(this);
} catch (Throwable e) {
logger.warn("Cannot register timers", e);
}
//省略...
}
可以看到這個構造方法里面,主要做了下面幾件事:
上面說了,initScheduledTasks()方法中調用了InstanceInfoReplicator.start()方法,InstanceInfoReplicator 的 run()方法代碼如下:
public void run() {
try {
discoveryClient.refreshInstanceInfo();
Long dirtyTimestamp = instanceInfo.isDirtyWithTime();
if (dirtyTimestamp != null) {
discoveryClient.register();
instanceInfo.unsetIsDirty(dirtyTimestamp);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("There was a problem with the instance info replicator", t);
} finally {
Future next = scheduler.schedule(this, replicationIntervalSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
scheduledPeriodicRef.set(next);
}
}
發現 InstanceInfoReplicator的run方法,run方法中會調用DiscoveryClient的register方法。DiscoveryClient 的 register方法 代碼如下:
/**
* Register with the eureka service by making the appropriate REST call.
*/
boolean register() throws Throwable {
logger.info(PREFIX + "{}: registering service...", appPathIdentifier);
EurekaHttpResponse<Void> httpResponse;
try {
httpResponse = eurekaTransport.registrationClient.register(instanceInfo);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn(PREFIX + "{} - registration failed {}", appPathIdentifier, e.getMessage(), e);
throw e;
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info(PREFIX + "{} - registration status: {}", appPathIdentifier, httpResponse.getStatusCode());
}
return httpResponse.getStatusCode() == 204;
}
最終又經過一系列調用,最終會調用到AbstractJerseyEurekaHttpClient的register方法,代碼如下:
public EurekaHttpResponse<Void> register(InstanceInfo info) {
String urlPath = "apps/" + info.getAppName();
ClientResponse response = null;
try {
Builder resourceBuilder = jerseyClient.resource(serviceUrl).path(urlPath).getRequestBuilder();
addExtraHeaders(resourceBuilder);
response = resourceBuilder
.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip")
.type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.post(ClientResponse.class, info);
return anEurekaHttpResponse(response.getStatus()).headers(headersOf(response)).build();
} finally {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Jersey HTTP POST {}/{} with instance {}; statusCode={}", serviceUrl, urlPath, info.getId(),
response == null ? "N/A" : response.getStatus());
}
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
}
}
可以看到最終通過http rest請求eureka server端,把應用自身的InstanceInfo實例注冊給server端,我們再來完整梳理一下服務注冊流程:
服務續約和服務注冊非常類似,HeartbeatThread 代碼如下:
private class HeartbeatThread implements Runnable {
public void run() {
if (renew()) {
//更新最后一次心跳的時間
lastSuccessfulHeartbeatTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
}
// 續約的主方法
boolean renew() {
EurekaHttpResponse<InstanceInfo> httpResponse;
try {
httpResponse = eurekaTransport.registrationClient.sendHeartBeat(instanceInfo.getAppName(), instanceInfo.getId(), instanceInfo, null);
logger.debug(PREFIX + "{} - Heartbeat status: {}", appPathIdentifier, httpResponse.getStatusCode());
if (httpResponse.getStatusCode() == 404) {
REREGISTER_COUNTER.increment();
logger.info(PREFIX + "{} - Re-registering apps/{}", appPathIdentifier, instanceInfo.getAppName());
long timestamp = instanceInfo.setIsDirtyWithTime();
boolean success = register();
if (success) {
instanceInfo.unsetIsDirty(timestamp);
}
return success;
}
return httpResponse.getStatusCode() == 200;
} catch (Throwable e) {
logger.error(PREFIX + "{} - was unable to send heartbeat!", appPathIdentifier, e);
return false;
}
}
發送心跳 ,請求eureka server 端 ,如果接口返回值為404,就是說服務不存在,那么重新走注冊流程。
如果接口返回值為404,就是說不存在,從來沒有注冊過,那么重新走注冊流程。
服務續約流程如下圖:
在服務shutdown的時候,需要及時通知服務端把自己剔除,以避免客戶端調用已經下線的服務,shutdown()方法代碼如下:
public synchronized void shutdown() {
if (isShutdown.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
logger.info("Shutting down DiscoveryClient ...");
if (statusChangeListener != null && applicationInfoManager != null) {
applicationInfoManager.unregisterStatusChangeListener(statusChangeListener.getId());
}
// 關閉各種定時任務
// 關閉刷新實例信息/注冊的定時任務
// 關閉續約(心跳)的定時任務
// 關閉獲取注冊信息的定時任務
cancelScheduledTasks();
// If APPINFO was registered
if (applicationInfoManager != null
&& clientConfig.shouldRegisterWithEureka()
&& clientConfig.shouldUnregisterOnShutdown()) {
// 更改實例狀態,使實例不再接收流量
applicationInfoManager.setInstanceStatus(InstanceStatus.DOWN);
//向EurekaServer端發送下線請求
unregister();
}
if (eurekaTransport != null) {
eurekaTransport.shutdown();
}
heartbeatStalenessMonitor.shutdown();
registryStalenessMonitor.shutdown();
logger.info("Completed shut down of DiscoveryClient");
}
}
private void cancelScheduledTasks() {
if (instanceInfoReplicator != null) {
instanceInfoReplicator.stop();
}
if (heartbeatExecutor != null) {
heartbeatExecutor.shutdownNow();
}
if (cacheRefreshExecutor != null) {
cacheRefreshExecutor.shutdownNow();
}
if (scheduler != null) {
scheduler.shutdownNow();
}
}
void unregister() {
// It can be null if shouldRegisterWithEureka == false
if(eurekaTransport != null && eurekaTransport.registrationClient != null) {
try {
logger.info("Unregistering ...");
EurekaHttpResponse<Void> httpResponse = eurekaTransport.registrationClient.cancel(instanceInfo.getAppName(), instanceInfo.getId());
logger.info(PREFIX + "{} - deregister status: {}", appPathIdentifier, httpResponse.getStatusCode());
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(PREFIX + "{} - de-registration failed{}", appPathIdentifier, e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
先關閉各種定時任務,然后向eureka server 發送服務下線通知。服務下線流程如下圖:
https://github.com/Netflix/eureka/wiki
http://yeming.me/2016/12/01/eureka1/
http://blog.didispace.com/springcloud-sourcecode-eureka/
https://www.jianshu.com/p/71a8bdbf03f4
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