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在 Linux 中使用 C++ 管理高并發的多線程,你可以使用以下方法和庫:
POSIX 線程庫是 Linux 下最常用的線程編程庫。要使用 pthread,首先需要包含頭文件 pthread.h
。創建線程、設置線程屬性、線程同步和結束線程等操作都有對應的函數。
示例代碼:
#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
void* print_hello(void* thread_id) {
std::cout << "Hello from thread " << *(int*)thread_id << std::endl;
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main() {
pthread_t threads[5];
int thread_ids[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
thread_ids[i] = i;
if (pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, print_hello, (void*)&thread_ids[i]) != 0) {
std::cerr << "Error creating thread "<< i << std::endl;
return 1;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
}
return 0;
}
C++11 引入了 <thread>
庫,使得多線程編程更加簡便。使用 std::thread
類可以輕松地創建和管理線程。
示例代碼:
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
void print_hello(int thread_id) {
std::cout << "Hello from thread " << thread_id << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::thread threads[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
threads[i] = std::thread(print_hello, i);
}
for (auto& t : threads) {
t.join();
}
return 0;
}
線程池是一種管理線程的高級技術,它可以復用已創建的線程,減少線程創建和銷毀的開銷。在 Linux 中,可以使用第三方庫,如 ThreadPool
或 libevent
。
示例代碼(使用 ThreadPool 庫):
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include "ThreadPool.h"
class ThreadPool {
public:
ThreadPool(size_t num_threads) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i) {
workers.emplace_back(&ThreadPool::work, this);
}
}
~ThreadPool() {
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
stop = true;
}
condition.notify_all();
for (std::thread& worker : workers) {
worker.join();
}
}
template<class F, class... Args>
void enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args) {
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
tasks.emplace([f, args...] { f(args...); });
}
condition.notify_one();
}
private:
void work() {
while (true) {
std::function<void()> task;
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
condition.wait(lock, [this] { return stop || !tasks.empty(); });
if (stop && tasks.empty()) {
return;
}
task = std::move(tasks.front());
tasks.pop();
}
task();
}
}
std::vector<std::thread> workers;
std::queue<std::function<void()>> tasks;
std::mutex queue_mutex;
std::condition_variable condition;
bool stop = false;
};
void print_hello(int thread_id) {
std::cout << "Hello from thread " << thread_id << std::endl;
}
int main() {
ThreadPool pool(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
pool.enqueue(print_hello, i);
}
return 0;
}
注意:在使用多線程時,需要考慮線程同步和互斥的問題,以避免數據競爭和不一致。可以使用互斥鎖(std::mutex
)、條件變量(std::condition_variable
)等工具來實現線程同步。
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