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Flask 是一個輕量級的 Python Web 框架,它允許開發者通過擴展來增強其功能。Flask 的擴展生態系統非常豐富,提供了許多有用的庫,可以幫助開發者更輕松地構建應用程序。以下是一些常用的 Flask 擴展及其用法:
pip install Flask-SQLAlchemy
然后在你的 Flask 應用中配置和初始化它:
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///example.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
pip install Flask-Migrate
然后在你的 Flask 應用中配置和初始化它:
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///example.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)
pip install Flask-WTF
然后在你的 Flask 應用中配置和初始化它:
from flask import Flask
from flask_wtf import CSRFProtect
from flask_wtf.csrf import CSRFToken
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'your_secret_key'
csrf = CSRFProtect(app)
class MyForm(Form):
name = StringField('Name', validators=[DataRequired()])
submit = SubmitField('Submit')
@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
form = MyForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
return 'Hello, {}!'.format(form.name.data)
return render_template('index.html', form=form)
pip install Flask-Login
然后在你的 Flask 應用中配置和初始化它:
from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for
from flask_login import LoginManager, UserMixin, login_user, login_required, logout_user
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'your_secret_key'
login_manager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)
class User(UserMixin):
def __init__(self, id):
self.id = id
# 假設你有一個用戶字典,用于模擬從數據庫中獲取用戶信息
users = {'user1': {'password': 'password1'}, 'user2': {'password': 'password2'}}
@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
return User(user_id)
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
# 這里應該添加表單處理和用戶驗證的邏輯
user = User('user1')
login_user(user)
return redirect(url_for('protected'))
@app.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
logout_user()
return redirect(url_for('login'))
@app.route('/protected')
@login_required
def protected():
return 'Hello, {}!'.format(current_user.id)
這只是 Flask 擴展生態系統中的一小部分,還有許多其他擴展可以幫助你構建功能豐富的應用程序。要了解更多關于 Flask 擴展的信息,請訪問 Flask 擴展目錄(https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.0.x/extensions/ )。
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