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在PHP中結合MySQL實現用戶角色與權限的動態管理,通常涉及以下幾個步驟:
數據庫設計:
users
):存儲用戶信息。roles
):存儲角色信息。permissions
):存儲權限信息。user_roles
):存儲用戶與角色的關聯信息。role_permissions
):存儲角色與權限的關聯信息。用戶認證:
角色管理:
權限管理:
權限檢查:
以下是一個簡單的示例代碼,展示了如何實現上述功能:
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
CREATE TABLE roles (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
CREATE TABLE permissions (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
CREATE TABLE user_roles (
user_id INT,
role_id INT,
PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id),
FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),
FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(id)
);
CREATE TABLE role_permissions (
role_id INT,
permission_id INT,
PRIMARY KEY (role_id, permission_id),
FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES roles(id),
FOREIGN KEY (permission_id) REFERENCES permissions(id)
);
<?php
// 連接數據庫
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "rbac_example";
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
// 用戶登錄
function login($username, $password) {
global $conn;
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param("ss", $username, $password);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
$user = $result->fetch_assoc();
session_start();
$_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 檢查用戶權限
function checkPermission($permission) {
global $conn;
$userId = $_SESSION['user_id'];
$sql = "SELECT r.name FROM roles r JOIN user_roles ur ON r.id = ur.role_id WHERE ur.user_id = ?";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param("i", $userId);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
$userRoles = [];
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
$userRoles[] = $row['name'];
}
foreach ($userRoles as $role) {
$sql = "SELECT p.name FROM permissions p JOIN role_permissions rp ON p.id = rp.permission_id WHERE rp.role_id = ?";
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param("i", $role);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
if ($row['name'] === $permission) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
// 示例:檢查用戶是否有權限訪問特定頁面
if (isset($_SESSION['user_id']) && checkPermission('admin')) {
echo "Welcome, Admin!";
} else {
echo "Access Denied!";
}
?>
login
函數用于用戶登錄,并將用戶信息存儲在會話中。checkPermission
函數用于檢查用戶是否具有特定權限。這個示例只是一個基礎的實現,實際應用中可能需要更多的功能和更復雜的權限控制邏輯。
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