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(1) 無序性
(2) 確定性
(3) 不重復性
內部進行 可迭代性的 for 循環
例子:
2.1.1 增
add(self, *args, **kwargs) copy(self, *args, **kwargs)
# 1. 增 # Add an element to a set. This has no effect if the element is already present. s = {1, 12, 32, "漣漪", "hello"} s.add("good") s.add(32) print(s) # Add an element to a set. This has no effect if the element is already present. s = {1, 12, 32, "漣漪", "hello"} c = s.copy() print(c)
結果:
2.1.1 刪
clear(self, *args, **kwargs) pop(self, *args, **kwargs) remove(self, *args, **kwargs) discard(self, *args, **kwargs)
# 2. 刪 # Remove all elements from this set. s = {1, 12, 32, "漣漪", "hello"} s.clear() print(s) # Remove and return an arbitrary set element. Raises KeyError if the set is empty. s = {1, 12, 32, "漣漪", "hello"} s.pop() print(s) # Remove an element from a set; it must be a member. If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError. s = {1, 12, 32, "漣漪", "hello"} s.remove(1) # s.remove("good") print(s) # Remove an element from a set if it is a member. If the element is not a member, do nothing. s = {1, 12, 32, "漣漪", "hello"} s.discard(1) s.discard("good") print(s)
結果:
pop() 是隨機刪除。
remove() 和 discard() 指定刪除,但是指定不存在的元素時,remove() 會報錯,而 discard() 不會報錯
2.2.1 set 交集運算
# set 交集運算 x1 = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] x2 = ["c", "d", "e", "f", "g"] x3 = [] for x in x1: if x in x2: x3.append(x) print(x3) s_x1 = set(x1) s_x2 = set(x2) inter = s_x1.intersection(s_x2) print(inter) # 交集符號運算 print(s_x1 & s_x2) # update s_x1.intersection_update(s_x2) print(s_x1)
結果:
2.2.2 set 并集運算
# set 并集運算 x1 = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] x2 = ["c", "d", "e", "f", "g"] s_x1 = set(x1) s_x2 = set(x2) uni = s_x1.union(s_x2) print(uni) # 并集符號運算 print(s_x1 | s_x2) # update s_x1.update(s_x2) print(s_x1)
結果:
2.2.3 set 差集運算
# set 差集運算 x1 = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] x2 = ["c", "d", "e", "f", "g"] s_x1 = set(x1) s_x2 = set(x2) dif_x1 = s_x1.difference(s_x2) print(dif_x1) dif_x2 = s_x2.difference(s_x1) print(dif_x2) # 差集符號運算 print(s_x1 - s_x2) print(s_x2 - s_x1) # update s_x1.difference_update(s_x2) print(s_x1) s_x2.difference_update(s_x1) print(s_x2)
結果:
2.2.4 set 對稱差集運算
# set 對稱差集運算滿足交換律:A△B = B△A s_x1 = set(x1) s_x2 = set(x2) sym = s_x1.symmetric_difference(s_x2) print(sym) # 對稱差集符號運算 print(s_x1 ^ s_x2) print(s_x1 - s_x2 | s_x2 - s_x1) print((s_x1 | s_x2) - (s_x2 & s_x1)) # update s_x1.symmetric_difference_update(s_x2) print(s_x1)
結果:
2.2.5 set 邏輯判斷運算
# 判斷 # Return True if two sets have a null intersection. x1 = {"a", "b", "c"} x2 = {"e", "f", "g"} inter = x1.isdisjoint(x2) print(inter) # Report whether another set contains this set. x1 = {"a", "b", "c"} x2 = {"a", "b", "c", "e", "f", "g"} inter = x1.issubset(x2) print(inter) # Report whether this set contains another set. x1 = {"a", "b", "c", "e", "f", "g"} x2 = {"a", "b", "c"} inter = x1.issuperset(x2) print(inter)
結果:
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