MySQL移動數據目錄后啟動失敗怎么解決

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背景概述

由于安裝數據庫時將MySQL的數據目錄放在了根目錄下，現在存儲空間不足，想通過mv將數據目錄移動到其他目錄下，但將數據目錄移動到其他數據目錄后，啟動數據庫失敗。

問題復現

本次測試基于 MySQL 8.0.31

1.關閉數據庫

mysql> shutdown;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

2.查看當前數據目錄所在位置

shell> pwd
/mysql80

3.通過mv移動整個MySQL數據目錄到其他目錄

shell>  mv /mysql80 /data
shell>  cd /data/mysql80/svr
shell>  ln -s mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4.修改屬主屬組

shell> chown -R mysql.mysql /data

5.修改配置文件中數據目錄的地址

shell> sed -i 's#/mysql80#/data/mysql80#g' my5001.cnf

6.啟動數據庫

shell> /data/mysql80/svr/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe \
--defaults-file=/data/mysql80/conf/my5001.cnf --user=mysql &

此時啟動數據庫失敗，錯誤日志報錯如下：

mysqld: File '/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000012' not found (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)
2023-02-27T10:38:09.240576+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-010958] [Server] Could not open log file.
2023-02-27T10:38:09.240657+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-010041] [Server] Can't init tc log
2023-02-27T10:38:09.240718+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2023-02-27T10:38:10.548605+08:00 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /data/mysql80/svr/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.31)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

這里報錯顯示找不到binlog文件，并且報錯顯示的binlog的目錄還是之前的，但是配置文件中的目錄已經修改

shell> grep 'log-bin' my5001.cnf 
log-bin=/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog
log-bin-trust-function-creators

7.問題解決

最后通過查找發現 binlog.index 文件中存放著每個binlog文件的絕對路徑地址，這里的路徑還是之前路徑，內容如下：

shell> cat binlog.index 
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000001
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000002
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000003
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000004
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000005
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000006
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000007
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000008
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000009
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000010
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000011
/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000012

修改binlog.index文件中binlog的絕對路徑：

shell> sed -i 's#/mysql80#/data/mysql80#g' binlog.index
shell> cat binlog.index 
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000001
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000002
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000003
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000004
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000005
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000006
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000007
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000008
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000009
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000010
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000011
/data/mysql80/dbdata/data5001/log/binlog.000012

8.啟動數據庫

shell> /data/mysql80/svr/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 
--defaults-file=/data/mysql80/conf/my5001.cnf --user=mysql &

數據庫啟動成功。

9.作為從節點

需要注意的是，如果該實例還作為其他實例的從節點，還需要設置 relaylog.index 文件中relay log的絕對路徑，否則會報如下錯誤： 錯誤日志報錯：

2023-02-27T15:56:55.224372+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-010599] [Repl] log /mysql80/dbdata/data5002/log/relaylog.000002 listed in the index, but failed to stat.
2023-02-27T15:56:55.224422+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-011059] [Repl] Error counting relay log space.
2023-02-27T15:56:55.226571+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-010426] [Repl] Slave: Failed to initialize the master info structure for channel ''; its record may still be present in 'mysql.slave_master_info' table, consider deleting it.
2023-02-27T15:56:55.226622+08:00 0 [ERROR] [MY-010529] [Repl] Failed to create or recover replication info repositories.

執行 start replica 時也會報錯：

# 客戶端報錯
mysql> start replica;
ERROR 1872 (HY000): Slave failed to initialize relay log info structure from the repository
# error log報錯
2023-02-27T15:57:53.858798+08:00 8 [ERROR] [MY-013124] [Repl] Slave SQL for channel '': Slave failed to initialize relay log info structure from the repository, Error_code: MY-013124

10.問題解決

修改 relaylog.index 文件中relay log的絕對路徑

sed -i 's#/mysql80#/data/mysql80#g' relaylog.index

重新啟動數據庫，并啟動主從復制

# 重啟實例
mysql> restart;
# 啟動主從復制
mysql> start replica;

此時主從復制恢復正常。

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