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本文小編為大家詳細介紹“MySQL基于SSL安全連接的主從復制怎么實現”,內容詳細,步驟清晰,細節處理妥當,希望這篇“MySQL基于SSL安全連接的主從復制怎么實現”文章能幫助大家解決疑惑,下面跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來學習新知識吧。
生產環境中一臺mysql主機存在單點故障,所以我們要確保mysql的高可用性,即兩臺MySQL服務器如果其中有一臺MySQL服務器掛掉后,另外一臺能立馬接替其進行工作。
master記錄二進制日志,在每個事務更新數據完成之前,master在二日志記錄這些改變。MySQL將事務寫入二進制日志,在事件寫入二進制日志完成后,master通知存儲引擎提交事務。 下一步就是slave將master的binary log拷貝到它自己的中繼日志。首先,slave開始一個工作線程——I/O線程,I/O線程在master上打開一個普通的連接,然后開啟binlog dump process。Binlog dump process從master的二進制日志中讀取事件,如果已經同步了master,它會睡眠并等待master產生新的事件,I/O線程將這些事件寫入中繼日志。 SQL slave thread(SQL從線程)處理該過程的最后一步。SQL線程從中繼日志讀取事件,并重放其中的事件而更新slave的數據,使其與master中的數據一致。只要該線程與I/O線程保持一致,中繼日志通常會位于OS的緩存中,所以中繼日志的開銷很小。
環境準備:打開兩臺MySQL服務器,部署網絡環境。
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ [root@master bin]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/llocal/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@master bin]# chmod +r /usr/local/mysql/data/server-key.pem [root@master bin]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ 確定 ] Starting MySQL. [ 確定 ]
注:啟用 mysql 支持 ssl 安全連接主要用于 mysql 主從復制(局域網可以非 ssh 連接即明文復制,但 internet 復制建議采用 ssl 連接)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.8.3' identified by '123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
需要注意的是server_id必須唯一。
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #添加下面內容 log-bin=mysql-bin service_id=1 [root@master ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ 確定 ] Starting MySQL. [ 確定 ] [root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "show master status" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
[root@master ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp success [root@master ~]# firewall-cmd --reload success
[root@master data]# scp ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem root@192.168.8.3:/usr/local/mysql/data The authenticity of host '192.168.8.3 (192.168.8.3)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:LFby9KMDz/kkPfOESbeJ7Qh+3hmQaX2W5gkDDMwSGHA. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:03:32:64:b4:c2:5b:6c:a4:e2:f0:7f:df:7a:35:19:80. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.8.3's password: ca.pem 100% 1112 232.5KB/s 00:00 client-cert.pem 100% 1112 240.4KB/s 00:00 client-key.pem 100% 1676 205.0KB/s 00:00
1. 開啟ssl、中繼日志,賦予ssl文件讀的權限并重啟mysql。
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #添加下面內容 server_id=2 relay-log=relay-log ssl_ca=ca.pem ssl_cert=client-cert.pem ssl_key=client-key.pem [root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data [root@slave data]# ll ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 31 14:31 ca.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 31 14:31 client-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 3月 31 14:31 client-key.pem [root@slave data]# chmod +r client-key.pem [root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ 確定 ] Starting MySQL. [ 確定 ]
2. 確認ssl開啟成功
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "show variables like '%ssl%'" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +-------------------------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------------+-----------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | performance_schema_show_processlist | OFF | | ssl_ca | ca.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | client-cert.pem | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_crl | | | ssl_crlpath | | | ssl_key | client-key.pem | +-------------------------------------+-----------------+
3. 在配置主從復制之前可以在從 mysql 上用 SSL 連接主服務器試試。
注意分清IP,8.2是master的IP,可以看到ssl協議Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data [root@slave data]# mysql --ssl-ca=ca.pem --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem -u rep -p123 -h 192.168.8.2 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.40, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 3 Current database: Current user: rep@192.168.8.3 SSL: Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 192.168.8.2 via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 22 min 19 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 8 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 109 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 102 Queries per second avg: 0.005 --------------
1.登錄slave服務器,配置主從 replicate
記得先退出連接,登錄slave的mysql服務。
mysql> exit Bye [root@slave data]# mysql -uroot -p123 #省略部分登錄信息 mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.8.2', #masterIP -> master_user='rep', #master用戶 -> master_password='123', #master密碼 -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', #master二進制日志文件 -> master_log_pos=154, #master位置 -> master_ssl=1, #masterssl -> master_ssl_cert='client-cert.pem', -> master_ssl_key='client-key.pem', -> master_ssl_ca='ca.pem'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec) mysql> start slave; #啟用從 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
確認啟用成功。
1. 登錄master,寫入一些數據
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 #省略部分內容 mysql> create database bbs; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> use bbs; Database changed mysql> create table tb1(id int, -> name varchar(20)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into tb1 values(1,'z3'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
2. 登錄slave,查看數據
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 #省略部分內容 mysql> select * from bbs.tb1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | z3 | +------+------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
最后可以查看到z3,主從成功。
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