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這篇文章主要介紹“C++怎么將整數轉化成羅馬數字”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在C++怎么將整數轉化成羅馬數字問題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡單好用的操作方法,希望對大家解答”C++怎么將整數轉化成羅馬數字”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來,請跟著小編一起來學習吧!
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one"s added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
C can be placed before D (500) and M(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: 3
Output: "III"
Example 2:
Input: 4
Output: "IV"
Example 3:
Input: 9
Output: "IX"
Example 4:
Input: 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
由于題目中限定了輸入數字的范圍 (1 - 3999), 使得題目變得簡單了不少。
I - 1
V - 5
X - 10
L - 50
C - 100
D - 500
M - 1000
例如整數 1437 的羅馬數字為 MCDXXXVII, 我們不難發現,千位,百位,十位和個位上的數分別用羅馬數字表示了。 1000 - M, 400 - CD, 30 - XXX, 7 - VII。所以我們要做的就是用取商法分別提取各個位上的數字,然后分別表示出來:
100 - C
200 - CC
300 - CCC
400 - CD
500 - D
600 - DC
700 - DCC
800 - DCCC
900 - CM
可以分為四類,100 到 300 一類,400 一類,500 到 800 一類,900 最后一類。每一位上的情況都是類似的,代碼如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: string intToRoman(int num) { string res = ""; vector<char> roman{"M", "D", "C", "L", "X", "V", "I"}; vector<int> value{1000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1}; for (int n = 0; n < 7; n += 2) { int x = num / value[n]; if (x < 4) { for (int i = 1; i <= x; ++i) res += roman[n]; } else if (x == 4) { res = res + roman[n] + roman[n - 1]; } else if (x > 4 && x < 9) { res += roman[n - 1]; for (int i = 6; i <= x; ++i) res += roman[n]; } else if (x == 9) { res = res + roman[n] + roman[n - 2]; } num %= value[n]; } return res; } };
本題由于限制了輸入數字范圍這一特殊性,故而還有一種利用貪婪算法的解法,建立一個數表,每次通過查表找出當前最大的數,減去再繼續查表,參見代碼如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: string intToRoman(int num) { string res = ""; vector<int> val{1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1}; vector<string> str{"M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL", "X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I"}; for (int i = 0; i < val.size(); ++i) { while (num >= val[i]) { num -= val[i]; res += str[i]; } } return res; } };
下面這種方法個人感覺屬于比較投機取巧的方法,把所有的情況都列了出來,然后直接按位查表,O(1) 的時間復雜度啊,參見代碼如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: string intToRoman(int num) { string res = ""; vector<string> v1{"", "M", "MM", "MMM"}; vector<string> v2{"", "C", "CC", "CCC", "CD", "D", "DC", "DCC", "DCCC", "CM"}; vector<string> v3{"", "X", "XX", "XXX", "XL", "L", "LX", "LXX", "LXXX", "XC"}; vector<string> v4{"", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX"}; return v1[num / 1000] + v2[(num % 1000) / 100] + v3[(num % 100) / 10] + v4[num % 10]; } };
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