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本篇內容主要講解“C++如何實現學生信息管理系統”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實用性強。下面就讓小編來帶大家學習“C++如何實現學生信息管理系統”吧!
實現功能
上面的功能基本完全實現
目前的程序其實還存在兩個問題：
1、無法從文件中讀取信息，我感覺是格式問題，輸出的格式需要改，但是這樣的話，保存在文件的信息看起來就不是很方便了
2、保存新同學的學號與當前記錄的學號相同時不會提醒，這個實現起來比較容易，在保存的時候，再加一個鏈表查詢就可以了，是我太懶了。
源碼附上
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<windows.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
#define null NULL
class student
{
private:
int flag;
friend class studentMessage;
student *next; //節點指針
string name; //學生姓名
string address; //家庭住址
int age; //年齡
int id; //學號
string sex;
char grade; 班級
// A 代表大學生
// B 代表中學生
// C 代表小學生
double chinese , math , english; //語文 ， 數學 ， 英語
double history , geography ; //歷史 ， 地理
string major; long long int TL; // 專業 ， 電話
public:
static int num_total; //總數
static int num_sex;
static int num_age;
//小學生初始化
student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _chinese,double _math,double _english)
{
name = _name;
grade = _grade;
age = _age;
sex = _sex;
id = _id;
chinese = _chinese;
math = _math;
english = _english;
next = NULL;
}
//初中生初始化
student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _geography,double _history,string _address)
{
name = _name;
grade = _grade;
age = _age;
sex = _sex;
id = _id;
geography = _geography;
history = _history;
address = _address;
next = NULL;
}
//大學生初始化
student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,string _major,string _address,long long int _TL)
{
name = _name;
grade = _grade;
age = _age;
sex = _sex;
id = _id;
major = _major;
address = _address;
TL = _TL;
next = NULL;
}
//構造函數
student() //為studentMessage初始化頭結點用
{
name = "null";
sex = "null";
address = "null";
age = 0;
id = 0;
chinese = 0;
math = 0;
english = 0;
grade = '0';
geography = 0;
history = 0;
major = "null";
TL = 0;
next = NULL;
}
~student(){}
void swap(student*);
};
int student::num_total = 0; 初始化
int student::num_sex = 0;
int student::num_age = 0;
void student::swap(student *q)
{
string _name,_sex,_address;
int _age,_id;
char grade; 班級
// A 代表大學生
// B 代表中學生
// C 代表小學生
double _chinese , _math , _english; //語文 ， 數學 ， 英語
double _history , _geography ; //歷史 ， 地理
string _major; long long int _TL; // 專業 ， 電話
_chinese = chinese;
chinese = q->chinese;
q->chinese = _chinese;
_math = math;
math = q->math;
q->math = _math;
_english = english;
english = q->english;
q->english = _english;
_history = history;
history = q->history;
q->history = _history;
_geography = geography;
geography = q->geography;
q->geography = _geography;
_major = major;
major = q->major;
q->major = _major;
_TL = TL;
TL = q->TL;
q->TL = _TL;
_name = name;
name = q->name;
q->name = _name;
_sex = sex;
sex = q->sex;
q->sex = _sex;
_address = address;
address = q->address;
q->address = _address;
_age = age;
age = q->age;
q->age = _age;
_id = id;
id = q->id;
q->id = _id;
}
class studentMessage
{
private:
student *first; //頭指針
int num; //信息中的學生人數
public:
studentMessage()
{
num = 0; //初始化學生人數為0
first = new student; //初始化頭結點
}
~studentMessage(){delete first;}
/*管理系統常規操作*/
void Insret(void); //插入
void Display(void); //顯示
void Delete(void); //刪除
void Search(void); //搜索
void Change(void); //改動
void SearchByid(void); //按照學號查找
void SearchByname(void); //按照姓名查找
int menu(void); //初始的菜單
void clear(void); //清空列表
void tongji(void); //統計學生人數
void save(void);
void read(void);
};
int studentMessage::menu(void)
{
system("cls");
int ch;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"**********************************************************************"<<endl;
cout<<"======================================================================"<<endl;
cout<<"***************************學生信息管理系統***************************"<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
cout<<" 1.添加功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 2.查詢功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 3.顯示功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 4.編輯功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 5.刪除功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 6.統計功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 7.保存功能"<<endl;
cout<<" 8.全部刪除"<<endl;
cout<<" 0.退出系統"<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;
cout<<"======================================================================="<<endl;
cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cin >> ch;
cout<<"\n\n\n"<<endl;
return ch;
}
void studentMessage::save(void)
{
system("cls");
fstream f("student.txt",ios::out);
int i;
if(!f)
{
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"文件保存失敗!！！！按任意鍵返回..."<<endl;
if(i = getch()) return ;
}
if(student::num_total == 0)
{
f<<"當前記錄中無學生..."<<endl;
}
else
{
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
f<<"學號:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
f<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
f<<"性別(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
f<<"年齡:"<<p->age<<endl;
f<<"班級:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
f<<"專業："<<p->major<<endl;
f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
f<<"聯系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
f<<"地理成績："<<p->geography<<endl;
f<<"歷史成績："<<p->history<<endl;
f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
f<<"語文成績："<<p->chinese<<endl;
f<<"數學成績："<<p->math<<endl;
f<<"英語成績："<<p->english<<endl;
}
f<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
p = p->next;
}
}
f.close();
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"學生信息文件已創建，按任意鍵繼續"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::read(void)
{
system("cls");
string name;
int age;
int id;
char grade;
string sex,address;
double chinese , math , english; //語文 ， 數學 ， 英語
double history , geography ; //歷史 ， 地理
string major; long long int TL; // 專業 ， 電話
int i;
char ch;
ifstream f("student.txt");
while(1)
{
f>>ch;
if(f.eof())
{
cout<<"文件為空！按任意鍵返回"<<endl;
if(i = getch()) return ;
}
f>>name;
f>>sex;
f>>age;
f>>id;
f>>grade;
if(grade=='A')
{
f>>major;
f>>address;
f>>TL;
}
else if(grade == 'B')
{
f>>geography;
f>>history;
f>>address;
}
else
{
f>>chinese;
f>>math;
f>>english;
}
student::num_total ++;
if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;
if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;
student *newstu = new student();
if(grade == 'A') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);
else if(grade == 'B') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);
else if(grade == 'C') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);
student *p = first;
while(p->next != NULL)
{
p = p->next;
}
p->next = newstu;
newstu->next = null;
}
}
/統計
void studentMessage::tongji(void)
{
system("cls");//
cout<<"學生人數一共為：" <<student::num_total<<endl;
cout<<"男生一共有："<<student::num_sex<<endl;
cout<<"女生一共有："<<student::num_total-student::num_sex<<endl;
cout<<"成年人有："<<student::num_age<<endl;
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意鍵繼續"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
//插入
void studentMessage::Insret(void)
{
system("cls");//
string name;
int age;
int id;
char grade;
string sex,address;
double chinese , math , english; //語文 ， 數學 ， 英語
double history , geography ; //歷史 ， 地理
string major; long long int TL; // 專業 ， 電話
cout<<"請輸入學生姓名: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"請輸入學生性別(boy/girl): ";
cin>>sex;
cout<<"請輸入學生年齡: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<"請輸入學生學號: ";
cin>>id;
cout<<"下面請輸入學生班級(大學生輸入'A'，初中生輸入'B',小學生輸入'C'): ";
cout<<endl;
cin>>grade;
cout<<endl;
if(grade=='A')
{
cout<<"請輸入專業："<<endl;
cin>>major;
cout<<"請輸入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>address;
cout<<"請輸入聯系電話："<<endl;
cin>>TL;
}
else if(grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"請輸入地理成績："<<endl;
cin>>geography;
cout<<"請輸入歷史成績："<<endl;
cin>>history;
cout<<"請輸入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>address;
}
else
{
cout<<"請輸入語文成績："<<endl;
cin>>chinese;
cout<<"請輸入數學成成績："<<endl;
cin>>math;
cout<<"請輸入英語成績："<<endl;
cin>>english;
}
student::num_total ++;
if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;
if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;
student *newstu = new student();
if(grade == 'A') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);
else if(grade == 'B') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);
else if(grade == 'C') newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);
student *p = first;
while(p->next != NULL)
{
p = p->next;
}
p->next = newstu;
newstu->next = null;
}
//00000000000000000000000/
void studentMessage::Display(void)
{
system("cls");
if(student::num_total == 0)
{
cout<<"當前記錄中無學生..."<<endl;
}
else
{
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
cout<<"學號:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性別(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年齡:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班級:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"專業："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"聯系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成績："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"歷史成績："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"語文成績："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"數學成績："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英語成績："<<p->english<<endl;
}
cout<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
p = p->next;
}
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意鍵繼續"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
//刪除功能~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
void studentMessage::Delete(void)
{
string _name;
system("cls");
cout<<"請輸入需要刪除的同學姓名："<<endl;
cin>>_name;
int k=0;
student *p = first;
student *pre = first;
while(p->next)
{
pre=p->next;
if(pre->name == _name)
{
p->next=pre->next;
k=1;
delete pre;
}
p=p->next;
}
if(k==0&&p->name!=_name) cout<<"記錄為空!"<<endl;
else
{
student::num_total--;
if(p->sex=="boy") student::num_sex--;
if(p->age>=18) student::num_age--;
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意鍵繼續"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::Search(void)
{
system("cls");/
int temp = 0;
cout<<"請輸入查找的條件，有如下選項..."<<endl;
cout<<"按照學號查找（請輸入【1】） 按照姓名查找（請輸入【2】） "<<endl;
cout<<" 退出（請輸入【666】）"<<endl;
cin>>temp;
switch(temp)
{
case 1: SearchByid(); break;
case 2: SearchByname(); break;
case 666: return;
default: cout<<"輸入有誤..."<<endl;
}
}
void studentMessage::SearchByid(void)
{
system("cls");//
int _id;
int flag = 0;
cout<<"請輸入待查找學生的學號：";
cin >> _id;
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
if(p->id == _id)
{
flag = 1;
cout<<"下面是查找匹配結果："<<endl;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"學號:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性別(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年齡:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班級:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"專業："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"聯系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成績："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"歷史成績："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"語文成績："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"數學成績："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英語成績："<<p->english<<endl;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(flag == 0)
{
cout<<"未找到匹配項..."<<endl;
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意鍵繼續"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::SearchByname(void)
{
system("cls");/
string _name;
int flag = 0;
cout<<"請輸入待查找的學生姓名: ";
cin >> _name;
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
if(p->name == _name)
{
cout<<"下面是查找匹配結果："<<endl;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"學號:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性別(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年齡:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班級:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"專業："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"聯系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成績："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"歷史成績："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"語文成績："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"數學成績："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英語成績："<<p->english<<endl;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(flag == 0)
{
cout<<"未找到匹配項..."<<endl;
}
int i;
cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
cout<<"按任意鍵繼續"<<endl;
i = getch();
}
void studentMessage::Change(void)
{
system("cls");//
string _name,_sex,_address,_major;
char _grade; long long int _TL;
double _chinese , _math , _english; //語文 ， 數學 ， 英語
double _history , _geography ; //歷史 ， 地理
int flag = 0,temp;
int _id,_age;
int course = 0;
cout<<"請輸入需要改動信息的學生的姓名: ";
cin >> _name;
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
if(p->name == _name)
{
flag = 1;
cout<<"該學生當前信息如下："<<endl;
cout<<"學號:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
cout<<"性別(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
cout<<"年齡:"<<p->age<<endl;
cout<<"班級:"<<p->grade<<endl;
if(p->grade == 'A')
{
cout<<"專業："<<p->major<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
cout<<"聯系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
}
else if(p->grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"地理成績："<<p->geography<<endl;
cout<<"歷史成績："<<p->history<<endl;
cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"語文成績："<<p->chinese<<endl;
cout<<"數學成績："<<p->math<<endl;
cout<<"英語成績："<<p->english<<endl;
}
cout<<"請指明哪一項需要修改..."<<endl;
cout<<"修改學號（輸入【1】） 修改年齡（輸入【2】）修改班級信息（輸入【3】） "<<endl;
cout<<" 退出（輸入【666】）"<<endl;
cin >> temp;
switch(temp)
{
case 1:
{
cout<<"請輸入新的學號："<<endl;cin>>_id;
p->id = _id;
}
break;
case 2:
{
cout<<"請輸入新的年齡："<<endl;;cin>>_age;
p->age = _age;
}
break;
case 3:
{
cout<<"請輸入新的班級信息(大學生輸入'A'，初中生輸入'B',小學生輸入'C')："<<endl;;cin>>_grade;
p->grade = _grade;
if(_grade=='A')
{
cout<<"請輸入專業："<<endl;
cin>>_major;
p->major = _major;
cout<<"請輸入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>_address;
p->address = _address;
cout<<"請輸入聯系電話："<<endl;
cin>>_TL;
p->TL = _TL;
}
else if(_grade == 'B')
{
cout<<"請輸入地理成績："<<endl;
cin>>_geography;
p->geography = _geography;
cout<<"請輸入歷史成績："<<endl;
cin>>_history;
p->history = _history;
cout<<"請輸入家庭住址："<<endl;
cin>>_address;
p->address = _address;
}
else
{
cout<<"請輸入語文成績："<<endl;
cin>>_chinese;
p->chinese = _chinese;
cout<<"請輸入數學成成績："<<endl;
cin>>_math;
p->major = _math;
cout<<"請輸入英語成績："<<endl;
cin>>_english;
p->english = _english;
}
}
break;
case 666: return ;
cout<<"修改后的信息如下： "<<endl;
cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"性別:"<<p->sex<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"年齡:"<<p->age<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"學號:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
cout<<"地址:"<<p->address<<" "<<endl;
default: cout<<"輸入有誤..."<<endl;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(flag == 0)
cout<<"當前記錄中沒有此學生..."<<endl;
}
void studentMessage::clear(void)
{
student *p = first->next;
while(p != null)
{
first->next = p->next;
p->next = null;
delete p;
p = first->next;
}
}
int main()
{
studentMessage stulist;
int ch;
while(ch = stulist.menu())
{
switch(ch)
{
case 1: stulist.Insret(); break;
case 2: stulist.Search(); break;
case 3: stulist.Display(); break;
case 4: stulist.Change(); break;
case 5: stulist.Delete(); break;
case 6: stulist.tongji(); break;
case 7: stulist.save(); break;
case 8: stulist.clear(); break;
case 0: return 0;
default: cout<<"請按要求輸入..."<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}到此，相信大家對“C++如何實現學生信息管理系統”有了更深的了解，不妨來實際操作一番吧！這里是億速云網站，更多相關內容可以進入相關頻道進行查詢，關注我們，繼續學習！
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