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今天小編給大家分享一下Linux expect怎么使用的相關知識點,內容詳細,邏輯清晰,相信大部分人都還太了解這方面的知識,所以分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后有所收獲,下面我們一起來了解一下吧。
-c
:執行腳本前先執行的命令,可多次使用。-d
:debug模式,可以在運行時輸出一些診斷信息,與在腳本開始處使用exp_internal 1
相似。-D
:啟用交換調式器,可設一整數參數。-f
:從文件讀取命令,僅用于使用#!時。如果文件名為”-“,則從stdin讀取(使用”./-“從文件名為-的文件讀取)。-i
:交互式輸入命令,使用”exit”或”EOF”退出輸入狀態。--
:標示選項結束(如果你需要傳遞與expect選項相似的參數給腳本時),可放到#!
行:#!/usr/bin/expect --
。-v
:顯示expect版本信息。Expect中最關鍵的四個命令是send,expect,spawn,interact。
命令 | 說明 |
---|---|
send | 用于向進程發送字符串 |
expect | 從進程接收字符串 |
spawn | 啟動新的進程 |
interact | 允許用戶交互 |
`# 命令行參數``# $argv,參數數組,使用[lindex $argv n]獲取,$argv 0為腳本名字``# $argc,參數個數``set` `username [lindex $argv 1]` `# 獲取第1個參數``set` `passwd` `[lindex $argv 2]` `# 獲取第2個參數``set` `timeout 30` `# 設置超時``# spawn是expect內部命令,開啟ssh連接``spawn` `ssh` `-l username 192.168.1.1` `# 判斷上次輸出結果里是否包含“password:”的字符串,如果有則立即返回,否則就等待一段時間(timeout)后返回``expect` `"password:"` `# 發送內容ispass(密碼、命令等)``send` `"ispass\r"` `# 發送內容給用戶``send_user` `"$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"` `send_user` `"It's OK\r"` `# 執行完成后保持交互狀態,控制權交給控制臺(手工操作)。否則會完成后會退出。``interact`
close:關閉當前進程的連接。
debug:控制調試器。
disconnect:斷開進程連接(進程仍在后臺運行)。
`send_user` `"password?\ "` `expect_user -re` `"(.*)\n"` `for` `{} 1 {} {` `if` `{[fork]!=0} {``sleep` `3600;``continue``}` `disconnect` `spawn priv_prog` `expect Password:` `send` `"$expect_out(1,string)\r"` `. . .` `exit` `}`
#!/usr/bin/expect ##注意路徑,使用 [whereis expect] 查看set user "hadoop" ##設定參數,注意",'的區別set pwd "yangkun"set host "48.93.36.144"set timeout -1 ##;號可有可無spawn ssh -p 2020 $user@$hostexpect { ##expect后有空格 "*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} "*password:" {send "$pwd\r"} } expect "]*" ## 通配符,使用 ]* 有效, 使用 *# 無效send "touch /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"expect "]*"send "echo hello world >> /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"expect "]*"[interact] ##人為交互send "exit\r" ##退出
#!/bin/bash#!/usr/bin/expectSERVERS="114.114.114.114" ##數組以空格分隔,可以為目標ip 或者hostNamePASSWORD="yangkun"## 實現免密登錄配置的函數auto_ssh_copy_id() { expect -c "set timeout -1; spawn ssh-copy-id \"-p 2020 $1\"; ## 這里要注意,使用'或\'不可行 expect { *(yes/no)* {send -- yes\r;exp_continue;} *password:* {send -- $2\r;exp_continue;} eof {exit 0;} }"; }## 循環執行,配置主機到從節點所有免密ssh_copy_id_to_all() { for SERVER in $SERVERS ## 取值需要加$ do auto_ssh_copy_id $SERVER $PASSWORD done }## 調用循環配置函數ssh_copy_id_to_all## 批量部署for SERVER in $SERVERSdo scp install.sh root@$SERVER:/root ssh root@$SERVER /root/install.shdone
讓腳本自動讀取slaves文件中的機器名來批量安裝 cat slaves | while read hostdoecho $hostexpect -c "set timeout -f spawn ssh-copy-id $host"done
#!/bin/bashBASE_SERVER=master BASE_PATH=/home/hadoop/soft TARGET_PATH=/usr/localJAVA_PATH=$TARGET_PATH/java## 1.判斷是否存在文件夾,不存在則創建soft文件夾#if [ ! -d "$BASE_PATH" ]; then# mkdir "$BASE_PATH"#fi## 2.從指定host拷貝jdk到目標機器上(已經拷貝文件夾)scp -r $BASE_SERVER:$BASE_PATH $BASE_PATH## 2.解壓jdk到指定目錄if [ ! -d "$JAVA_PATH" ]; then sudo -S mkdir -p "$JAVA_PATH"fi## 賦予權限sudo -S chmod -R hadoop:hadoop $JAVA_PATHtar -zxvf $BASE_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121.tar.gz -C $JAVA_PATH#### 3.配置環境變量sudo -S cat>>/etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin EOF
#!/usr/bin/expect -fset ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1個參數,作為IPset userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2個參數,作為useridset mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3個參數,作為密碼set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ] # 接收第4個參數,作為命令set timeout 10 # 設置超時時間# 向遠程服務器請求打開一個telnet會話,并等待服務器詢問用戶名spawn telnet $ip expect "username:" # 輸入用戶名,并等待服務器詢問密碼 send "$userid\r" expect "password:" # 輸入密碼,并等待鍵入需要運行的命令 send "$mypassword\r" expect "%" # 輸入預先定好的密碼,等待運行結果 send "$mycommand\r" expect "%" # 將運行結果存入到變量中,顯示出來或者寫到磁盤中 set results $expect_out(buffer) # 退出telnet會話,等待服務器的退出提示EOF send "exit\r" expect eof
#!/usr/bin/expect -fset ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1個參數,作為IPset userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2個參數,作為Useridset mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3個參數,作為密碼set timeout 10 # 設置超時時間# 向遠程服務器請求打開一個FTP會話,并等待服務器詢問用戶名spawn ftp $ip expect "username:" # 輸入用戶名,并等待服務器詢問密碼 send "$userid\r" expect "password:" # 輸入密碼,并等待FTP提示符的出現 send "$mypassword\r" expect "ftp>" # 切換到二進制模式,并等待FTP提示符的出現 send "bin\r" expect "ftp>" # 關閉ftp的提示符 send "prompt\r" expect "ftp>" # 下載所有文件 send "mget *\r" expect "ftp>" # 退出此次ftp會話,并等待服務器的退出提示EOF send "bye\r" expect eof
#!/usr/bin/expectset IP [lindex $argv 0]set USER [lindex $argv 1]set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]set CMD [lindex $argv 3] spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMDexpect { "(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r" expect "password:" send "$PASSWD\r" } "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"} "* to host" {exit 1} } expect eof
#!/usr/bin/expect -f set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1個參數,作為IPset username [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2個參數,作為usernameset mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3個參數,作為密碼set timeout 10 # 設置超時時間spawn ssh $username@$ip # 發送ssh請求expect { # 返回信息匹配"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} # 第一次ssh連接會提示yes/no,繼續 "*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" } # 出現密碼提示,發送密碼 } interact # 交互模式,用戶會停留在遠程服務器上面
#!/usr/bin/expectfor {set i 10} {$i set timeout 30 set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0] spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com expect_before "no)?" { send "yes\r" } sleep 1 expect "password*" send "hello\r" expect "*#" send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r" expect "*#" send "echo\r"}exit
#!/usr/bin/expectif {$argc!=2} { send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n" exit} foreach i {11 12} { set timeout 30 set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0] set password [lindex $argv 1] spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com expect_before "no)?" { send "yes\r" } sleep 1 expect "Enter passphrase for key*" send "password\r" expect "*#" send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r" expect "*#" send "echo\r"}exit
#!/usr/bin/expect# 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...set timeout 20if {$argc "Usage: script IPs" exit 1 }# 替換你自己的用戶名set user "username"#替換你自己的登錄密碼set password "yourpassword"foreach IP $argv { spawn ssh $user@$IPexpect \ "(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r" expect "password:?" { send "$password\r" } } "password:?" { send "$password\r"} expect "\$?"# 替換你要執行的命令send "last\r"expect "\$?"sleep 10 send "exit\r"expect eof }
* tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter 1#!/bin/sh# -*- tcl -*- \exec tclsh $0 "$@"package require Expectset username [lindex $argv 0]set password [lindex $argv 1]set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"foreach ip $argv { spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh lappend ids $spawn_id} expect_before -i ids eof { set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)] set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index] if [llength $ids] exp_continue } expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" { send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r exp_continue } -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" { send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r exp_continue } -i ids "assword:" { send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r exp_continue } -i ids -re $prompt { set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id) send "echo hello; exit\r" exp_continue } timeout { exit 1 }
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa': Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143 [root@master003 ~]# root@192.168.16.90's password: Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102 [root@lvsmaster ~]#
#!/usr/bin/expect -f# Auther:YuanXing# Update:2014-02-08if {$argc "Usage:\n $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n" puts stderr "argv error!\n" sleep 1 exit 1 }set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]set user [lindex $argv 1 ]set passwd [lindex $argv 2 ]set port [lindex $argv 3 ]set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]set timeout 6if {$port == ""} { set port 22 }#send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ipexpect_before "(yes/no)\\?" { send "yes\r"} expect \"Enter passphrase for key*" { send "$passphrase\r" exp_continue } " password:?" { send "$passwd\r" exp_continue } "*\[#\\\$]" { interact } "* to host" { send_user "Connect faild!" exit 2 } timeout { send_user "Connect timeout!" exit 2 } eof { send_user "Lost connect!" exit}
#!/bin/bash# TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftpBACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"PORT="22"USER="admin"PASS="123456"TMP=$(mktemp) TODAY=$(date +%F) FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"# create expect scriptcat > $TMP #exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debugset timeout -1 spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAMEmatch_max 100000 expect -exact "password:"send -- "$PASS\r"sleep 1 expect " > "send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"expect " > "send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"expect " > "send -- "quit\r"expect eof EOF# run expect script#cat $TMP # Uncomment for debugexpect -f $TMP# remove expect scriptrm $TMP# download and remove backup files# "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing filescd ${BACKUP_DIR}echo " set xfer:clobber on get ${FILENAME}.rsc rm ${FILENAME}.rsc get ${FILENAME}.backup rm ${FILENAME}.backup" | lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME
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