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今天給大家介紹下redis高可用方案，redis自帶的sentinel,簡單的口語描述下什么是sentinel（哨兵集群），哨兵集群能夠將redis主從封裝起來，實現redis主宕機，redis備將接管主，再次恢復的時候自動升級為從。網上有很多介紹redis+vip的方法，這個很簡單就是當主宕機之后，實現vip的漂移。這種方法確實是可以的，但是沒有辦法實現主從資源利用最大化，我要給大家介紹的是如何使用sentinel+redis+python(宕機報警以后在添加)實現redis高可用以及redis讀寫分離。
1.安裝redis(我這邊使用了2個，生產上建議是用3個)
具體安裝redis就不介紹了。我這是使用的是ansible安裝
我這里安裝的是2個，192.168.7.30準備用來的做主redis用來寫數據，192.168.7.31是從用來讀數據。
2.配置redis
因為使用的是ansible，所以配置文件是默認配置好的，不用做修改，可以直接啟動就行了。
172.16.10.30主上的配置
[root@redis-master etc]# cat redis_16399.conf
bind 172.16.10.30
protected-mode yes
port 16399
tcp-backlog 511
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 300
daemonize yes
supervised no
pidfile /usr/local/redis/run/redis_16399.pid
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/logs/redis_16399.log"
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir /data/redis/16399
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
appendonly yes
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-size -2
list-compress-depth 0
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
[root@redis-master etc]# /etc/init.d/redis_16399 start
Starting Redis server...
[root@redis-master etc]# netstat -nltp |grep 16399
tcp 0 0 172.16.10.30:16399 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5521/redis-server 1
[root@redis-master etc]#
172.16.10.31上的配置
[root@master-slave etc]# grep -rn slaveof redis_16399.conf
16:slaveof 172.16.10.30 16399 #從配置文件比主多這行
[root@master-slave etc]# /etc/init.d/redis_16399 start
Starting Redis server...
[root@master-slave etc]# netstat -nltpa |grep 16399
tcp 0 0 172.16.10.31:16399 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10466/redis-server
tcp 0 0 172.16.10.31:18936 172.16.10.30:16399 ESTABLISHED 10466/redis-server
[root@master-slave etc]# 從上面就可以看出主從已經配置完成。
3.配置sentinel
sentinel的配置文件所有的節點基本是一樣的，可以部署在不是redis的節點上，進行更加全面的監控
[root@redis-master etc]# cat sentinel_5001.conf
port 5001
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/run/sentinel_5001.pid"
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/logs/sentinel_5001.log"
daemonize yes
protected-mode no
sentinel monitor mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399 2
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 5000
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 60000
[root@redis-master etc]# 4.啟動sentinel
172.16.10.30啟動sentinel
[root@master-slave etc]# cat sentnel_5001.conf
port 5001
pidfile "/usr/local/redis/run/sentinel_5001.pid"
loglevel notice
logfile "/usr/local/redis/logs/sentinel_5001.log"
daemonize yes
protected-mode no
sentinel monitor mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399 2
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 5000
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 60000
[root@master-slave etc]#
[root@redis-master etc]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/etc/sentinel_5001.conf
[root@redis-master etc]# tail -30f /usr/local/redis/logs/sentinel_5001.log
5704:X 08 Dec 22:46:44.977 # Not listening to IPv6: unsupproted
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.2.11 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 5001
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 5704
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
5704:X 08 Dec 22:46:44.986 # Sentinel ID is 453837ef09fc1a41332df32487882f2e42233762
5704:X 08 Dec 22:46:44.986 # +monitor master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399 quorum 2
5704:X 08 Dec 22:46:44.987 * +slave slave 172.16.10.31:16399 172.16.10.31 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
到這里本來就已經監控起來了，上面我們配置只有2個節點的時候才會發生切換，我們現在將的172.16.10.31上的sentinel啟動起來。
[root@master-slave etc]# vim sentnel_5001.conf
[root@master-slave etc]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/etc/sentnel_5001.conf
[root@master-slave etc]# tail -30f /usr/local/redis/logs/sentinel_5001.log
10615:X 08 Dec 22:51:05.232 # Not listening to IPv6: unsupproted
_._
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.2.11 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```\/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in sentinel mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 5001
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 10615
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
10615:X 08 Dec 22:51:05.234 # Sentinel ID is 0ac7df95b3e057a0ccb4a10f1cc8cc91e071526e
10615:X 08 Dec 22:51:05.234 # +monitor master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399 quorum 2
10615:X 08 Dec 22:51:05.235 * +slave slave 172.16.10.31:16399 172.16.10.31 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:51:06.697 * +sentinel sentinel 453837ef09fc1a41332df32487882f2e42233762 172.16.10.30 5001 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
到這里我們已經完成了sentinel集群的搭建
5.測試
測試主從
測試sentinel
停掉 172.16.10.30的redis
[root@redis-master init.d]# /etc/init.d/redis_16399 stop
Stopping ...
Redis stoppedsentinel fallover日志
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.497 # +sdown master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.553 # +odown master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399 #quorum 2/2
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.553 # +new-epoch 1
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.553 # +try-failover master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.554 # +vote-for-leader 0ac7df95b3e057a0ccb4a10f1cc8cc91e071526e 1
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.556 # 453837ef09fc1a41332df32487882f2e42233762 voted for 0ac7df95b3e057a0ccb4a10f1cc8cc91e071526e 1
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.655 # +elected-leader master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.655 # +failover-state-select-slave master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.710 # +selected-slave slave 172.16.10.31:16399 172.16.10.31 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.710 * +failover-state-send-slaveof-noone slave 172.16.10.31:16399 172.16.10.31 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:08.782 * +failover-state-wait-promotion slave 172.16.10.31:16399 172.16.10.31 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:09.715 # +promoted-slave slave 172.16.10.31:16399 172.16.10.31 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:09.715 # +failover-state-reconf-slaves master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:09.785 # +failover-end master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:09.785 # +switch-master mymaster 172.16.10.30 16399 172.16.10.31 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:09.785 * +slave slave 172.16.10.30:16399 172.16.10.30 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.31 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:52:14.833 # +sdown slave 172.16.10.30:16399 172.16.10.30 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.31 16399172.16.10.30恢復日志
10615:X 08 Dec 22:56:50.802 # -sdown slave 172.16.10.30:16399 172.16.10.30 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.31 16399
10615:X 08 Dec 22:57:00.751 * +convert-to-slave slave 172.16.10.30:16399 172.16.10.30 16399 @ mymaster 172.16.10.31 163996.python client 實現讀寫分離。
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# tree
.
├── eg.py
└── redis_cluster
├── __init__.py
├── __init__.pyc
├── RedisSentinel.py
├── RedisSentinel.pyc
├── settings.py
└── settings.pyc
1 directory, 7 files
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# settings.py是配置文件
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# cat redis_cluster/settings.py
#default timeout
SOCKET_TIMEOUT = 0.1
#sentinel cluster nodes list
SENTINEL_NODES = [('192.168.7.30',5001),('192.168.7.31',5001)]
#sentinel cluster name
CLUSTER_NAME = "mymaster"
#default select db
CLUSTER_DB= 15
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]#RedisSentinel.py是處理方法
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# cat redis_cluster/RedisSentinel.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#encoding:utf-8
#
from redis.sentinel import Sentinel
from settings import SENTINEL_NODES,SOCKET_TIMEOUT,CLUSTER_NAME,CLUSTER_DB
class RedisSentinelClient:
def __init__(self,sentinel_nodes,socket_timeout,cluster_name,db):
self.sentinel=Sentinel(sentinel_nodes,socket_timeout=socket_timeout)
self.master_name=cluster_name
self.socket_timeout=socket_timeout
self.db=db
def master(self,socket_timeout=None):
return self.sentinel.master_for(self.master_name,db=self.db,socket_timeout=self.socket_timeout)
def slave(self,socket_timeout=None):
return self.sentinel.slave_for(self.master_name,db=self.db,socket_timeout=self.socket_timeout)
sentinel_client=RedisSentinelClient(SENTINEL_NODES,SOCKET_TIMEOUT,CLUSTER_NAME,CLUSTER_DB)
master_redis=sentinel_client.master()
slave_redis=sentinel_client.slave()
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# eg.py是使用的方法：
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# cat eg.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#encoding:utf-8
from redis_cluster.RedisSentinel import master_redis,slave_redis
master_redis.set('ceshi','nihaoma') #寫入數據
print slave_redis.get('ceshi') #讀取數據的。此處讀取數據是從庫上讀取的
[root@cmdb redis-sentinel]# 到此就實現了python對 sentinel哨兵集群的讀寫分離操作
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