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這篇文章給大家分享的是Hive的詳細安裝配置教程，相信大部分人都還不知道怎么安裝配置，為了讓大家學會，給大家總結了以下內容，話不多說，一起往下看吧。
1.準備hive安裝包
官方網站下載hive的安裝包
下載地址 打開下載地址后，如下圖點擊apache-hive-1.2.2-bin.tar.gz 下載
基于我們之前的環境安裝情況已經可以了解到我們已經在node1上部署了namenode，resourcemanager，secondarynamenode等比較重要的進程；node3上呢我們已經安裝了centos的桌面和idea,這兩個主要的進程消耗的系統資源比較多，那么接下來我們要安裝的hive計劃安裝在node2節點上,所以我們將hive的安裝包通過xhsell中的xftp的工具上傳到node2上.
如下圖
如下圖,
安裝包上傳成功,如下圖
#1.把hive的壓縮安裝包解壓到/opt/bigdata/目錄下
[root@node2 ~]# tar -xzvf apache-hive-1.2.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/bigdata/ #輸入完命令后回車
#2.切換到bigdata目錄下
[root@node2 ~]# cd /opt/bigdata/
#3.修改hive安裝目錄的所屬用戶和組為hadoop:hadoop
[root@node2 bigdata]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/
#4.修改hive安裝目錄的讀寫權限
[root@node2 bigdata]# chmod -R 755 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/ 元數據保存在內嵌的derby數據庫中，只允許一個會話鏈接，嘗試多個會話鏈接時會報錯
[root@node2 bigdata]# chmod -R 755 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
#1.修改完hive安裝目錄的所屬用戶組和讀寫權限之后，我們使用su - hadoop命令切換到hadoop用戶
[root@node2 bigdata]# su - hadoop
Last login: Mon Jul 8 17:44:54 CST 2019 on pts/0
#2.切換到hive的安裝目錄
[hadoop@node2 ~]$ cd /opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/
#3.我們先試用ll命令列舉一下hive安裝目錄的結構，如下:
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ll
total 84
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 119 Jul 11 10:57 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 212 Jul 11 10:57 conf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 21099 Jul 11 11:29 derby.log
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 34 Jul 11 10:57 examples
drwxr-xr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 68 Jul 11 10:57 hcatalog
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 8192 Jul 11 10:57 lib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 24754 Mar 31 2017 LICENSE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 397 Mar 31 2017 NOTICE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 4374 Apr 1 2017 README.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 4255 Apr 1 2017 RELEASE_NOTES.txt
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 23 Jul 11 10:57 scripts
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive #啟動hive
#請忽略此行的日志提示,不影響hive的執行
ls: cannot access /opt/spark-2.4.3-bin-hadoop2.7/lib/spark-assembly-*.jar: No such file or directory
#3.初始化hive
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.2.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
#4.hive命令提示符:hive>
#5.第一次安裝先顯示下hive中默認有哪些數據庫，我們可以看到只有一個default默認的數據庫.
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 0.56 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive>我們將hive啟動后，在hive的安裝目錄下會產生一個文件(derby.log)和一個文件夾(metastore_db),在當前node2的連接窗口上，右鍵，點擊復制ssh渠道打開新的一個node2的ssh連接窗口。
如下圖，在hive的安裝目錄下會產生一個文件(derby.log，保存hive命令以及執行sql命令過程中的一些后臺日志)和一個文件夾(metastore_db,保存在hive中創建的庫和表的原信息比如庫名稱，表名稱，表中列名稱，列的數據，等元數據)
同時我們還會發現./bin/hive啟動hive的時候會在hdfs 的tmp的目錄下創建hvie的目錄
[hadoop@node3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /tmp
Found 2 items
drwx------ - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-05 21:03 /tmp/hadoop-yarn
#1.創建了hive的目錄
drwx-wx-wx - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-11 17:46 /tmp/hive
[hadoop@node3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /tmp/hive
Found 1 items
drwx------ - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-11 17:46 /tmp/hive/hadoop
[hadoop@node3 ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /tmp/hive/hadoop
Found 1 items
drwx------ - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-11 17:46 /tmp/hive/hadoop/ebeadee8-6034-4beb-bc2b-35a632aa31ef
[hadoop@node3 ~]$ hive> create table pokes(foo int,bar string);
OK
Time taken: 0.808 seconds
#1.使用show tables;顯示default數據庫下的所有表;
hive> show tables;
OK
#2.剛剛創建的表
pokes
Time taken: 0.072 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive>hive> insert into pokes(foo,bar) values(1,'first bar');
hive> 另一種的方式是使用load的方式將指定的文件加載到hive表中,參考下面的操作.
#1.使用hive的load 命令將hive本身提供的示例數據加載到pokes表中
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH './examples/files/kv1.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE pokes;
Loading data to table default.pokes
Table default.pokes stats: [numFiles=1, numRows=0, totalSize=5812, rawDataSize=0]
OK
Time taken: 2.269 seconds
hive> select count(*) from pokes;
Query ID = hadoop_20190712141621_989a3ed0-b9cc-4546-8e20-941614789bdc
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks determined at compile time: 1
In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
In order to set a constant number of reducers:
set mapreduce.job.reduces=<number>
Starting Job = job_1562912119783_0001, Tracking URL = http://node1:18088/proxy/application_1562912119783_0001/
Kill Command = /opt/bigdata/hadoop-2.7.3/bin/hadoop job -kill job_1562912119783_0001
Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 1
2019-07-12 14:16:32,167 Stage-1 map = 0%, reduce = 0%
2019-07-12 14:16:46,940 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 3.65 sec
2019-07-12 14:16:53,221 Stage-1 map = 100%, reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 6.13 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 6 seconds 130 msec
Ended Job = job_1562912119783_0001
MapReduce Jobs Launched:
Stage-Stage-1: Map: 1 Reduce: 1 Cumulative CPU: 6.13 sec HDFS Read: 12221 HDFS Write: 4 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 6 seconds 130 msec
OK
500
Time taken: 33.884 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)#1.我們使用select語句查詢三條數據出來看看結果吧
hive> select * from pokes limit 3;
OK
#2.顯示結果，歐了，搞定.
238 val_238
86 val_86
311 val_311
Time taken: 0.07 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive>#1.使用create database kkb;語句創建數據庫;
hive> create database kkb;
OK
Time taken: 0.591 seconds
hive> show databases;
OK
default
#2.剛剛創建的庫
kkb
Time taken: 0.015 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive>#1.查看/user/hive/warehouse/
[root@node3 ~]# hdfs dfs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/
Found 2 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-12 14:21 /user/hive/warehouse/kkb.db
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-12 14:15 /user/hive/warehouse/pokes
[root@node3 ~]# 通過我們查看hdfs的hive目錄我們，可以看到創建庫的時候其實就是在hdfs上創建一個目錄作為數據庫的表存儲目錄,然后在對應數據庫目錄下面存儲的就是表數據文件。
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive
ls: cannot access /opt/spark-2.4.3-bin-hadoop2.7/lib/spark-assembly-*.jar: No such file or directory
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.2.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException:
#1.提示Name node處于安全模式,安全模式時hadoop對外是不提供服務的，也就是說hive不能使用hdfs來存儲數據.
org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException): Cannot create directory /tmp/hive. Name node is in safe mode.
The reported blocks 0 needs additional 6 blocks to reach the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 6.
The number of live datanodes 0 has reached the minimum number 0. Safe mode will be turned off automatically once the thresholds have been reached.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1327)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3895)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:984)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:622)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:616)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:982)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2049)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2045)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1698)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2043)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:677)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException): Cannot create directory /tmp/hive. Name node is in safe mode.
The reported blocks 0 needs additional 6 blocks to reach the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 6.
The number of live datanodes 0 has reached the minimum number 0. Safe mode will be turned off automatically once the thresholds have been reached.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1327)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3895)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:984)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:622)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:616)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:982)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2049)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2045)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1698)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2043)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1475)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1412)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:229)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy14.mkdirs(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:558)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:191)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy15.mkdirs(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.primitiveMkdir(DFSClient.java:3000)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.mkdirs(DFSClient.java:2970)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$21.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1047)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$21.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1043)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirsInternal(DistributedFileSystem.java:1043)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirs(DistributedFileSystem.java:1036)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Utilities.createDirsWithPermission(Utilities.java:3678)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:597)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:554)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:508)
... 8 more
#2.出現此問題時不要著急，我們使用 hadoop dfsadmin -safemode get命令查看集群情況
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ hadoop dfsadmin -safemode get
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.
#3.發現安全模式是開啟的，這時我們需要使用命令關閉它
Safe mode is ON
#4.使用hadoop dfsadmin -safemode leave命令關閉安全模式
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ hadoop dfsadmin -safemode leave
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.
#5.安全模式已經關閉
Safe mode is OFF
#6.再次查看安全模式是否已經關閉
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ hadoop dfsadmin -safemode get
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.
#7.安全模式已經關閉
Safe mode is OFF
#8.關閉hadoop安全模式之后我們再次重新啟動hive
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive #啟動hive
#請忽略此行的日志提示,不影響hive的執行
ls: cannot access /opt/spark-2.4.3-bin-hadoop2.7/lib/spark-assembly-*.jar: No such file or directory
#9.初始化hive
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.2.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
#10.hive命令提示符:hive>
#11.第一次安裝先顯示下hive中默認有哪些數據庫，我們可以看到只有一個default默認的數據庫.
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 0.56 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive>hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH './examples/files/kv1.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE pokes;
Loading data to table default.pokes
Failed with exception Unable to move source file:/opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/examples/files/kv1.txt to destination hdfs://node1:9000/user/hive/warehouse/pokes/kv1.txt
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.MoveTaskhive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH './examples/files/kv1.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE pokes;
Loading data to table default.pokes
Failed with exception Call From node2/192.168.200.12 to node1:9000 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.MoveTask問題分析:
1.從報錯信息中可以看到DataNode節點有異常，導致hive 命令執行失敗
解決方法：
1.這時我們需要重新啟動下集群就可以了.
#1.安裝wget工具
[root@node2 ~]# yum install -y wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
#省略部分日志
Complete!
#2.下載mysql的yum源安裝文件,使用下面的命令就直接下載了安裝用的Yum Repository，大概25KB的樣子，然后就可以直接yum安裝了。
[root@node2 ~]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
#省略部分日志
100%[======================================================>] 25,548 120KB/s in 0.2s
#省略部分日志
Total wall clock time: 3.2s
Downloaded: 1 files, 25K in 0.2s (120 KB/s)
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@node2 ~]# ll
total 88764
-rw-------. 1 root root 1259 Jul 2 04:54 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90859180 Jul 10 20:58 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25548 Apr 7 2017 mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
#3.安裝mysql的yum源配置
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Installed:
mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10
Complete!
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@node2 ~]# 這步花費的時間比較多，安裝完成后就會覆蓋掉之前的mariadb。
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
#這步可能會花些時間，安裝完成后就會覆蓋掉之前的mariadb。
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.jdcloud.com
* extras: mirror.jdcloud.com
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00:00
#省略部分日志...
#出現Complete!這樣的字樣提示表示安裝成功
Complete!
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@node2 ~]# [root@node2 ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
#狀態是active（running）就對了，說明mysql數據庫的服務已經成功啟動!
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-07-17 15:48:44 CST; 1min 57s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 109515 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 109430 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 109518 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─109518 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Jul 17 15:48:31 node2 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 17 15:48:44 node2 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@node2 ~]# mysql服務啟動后的狀態截圖如下圖:
此時此刻，我們通過上面的幾個步驟已經成功安裝完并啟動mysql，不過想要登錄mysql時，我們需要知道mysql的密碼，就在我們安裝的過程中mysql已經默認給我們生成了一個root用戶的默認密碼,通過使用root用戶和默認密碼可以登錄mysql，登錄之后我們需要將默認的密碼修改掉(為了mysql數據庫的安全著想).
#1.查看默認密碼
[root@node2 ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-07-17T07:48:39.339873Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for
#2.顯示默認密碼:n8Ae>q70PeHG
root@localhost: n8Ae>q70PeHG
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
#3.使用命令mysql -uroot -p登錄mysql
[root@node2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p # 回車后會提示輸入密碼
Enter password: #
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#3.使用命令show databases;顯示所有的數據庫
mysql> show databases;
#4.因為我們沒有修改默認密碼，會提示我們修改密碼
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
#6.使用下面命令修改密碼為:!Qaz123456
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '!Qaz123456';
#7.設置ok
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#8.再次執行show databases;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
如下圖,默認密碼
注意另一種密碼格式
本地安裝模式其實就是把mysql和hive安裝在一臺機器上而已(這就是本地模式)
（本地安裝mysql 替代derby存儲元數據,使用mysql進行hive的元數據信息管理）
新打開一個鏈接node2的xshell窗口，切換到hadoop用戶,切換目錄到hive的安裝目錄下的conf目錄
#1.在conf目錄下從hive-default.xml.template復制出來一個配置文件hive-site.xml文件
#hive-site.xml文件中配置鏈接mysql的相關信息
[hadoop@node2 conf]$ cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
#2.使用vi命令編輯hive-site.xml文件并設置行號,按shift 輸入：set number回車發現行號設置成功
[hadoop@node2 conf]$ vi hive-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?><!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
--><configuration>
<!-- WARNING!!! This file is auto generated for documentation purposes ONLY! -->
<!-- WARNING!!! Any changes you make to this file will be ignored by Hive. -->
<!-- WARNING!!! You must make your changes in hive-site.xml instead. -->
:set number如下圖，行號設置成功,按照教程繼續往下操作
在此按下shift+: 時 set number的命令就會消失，意味著我們可以接著輸入新的命令,那就輸入新的命令吧
如下圖，:18,3913d 輸入后回車，會發現<configuration></configuration>標簽中間多余的內容已經刪除掉了。
在標簽<configuration></configuration>中填入以下內容
<property>
<!--這個是用于存放hive元數據的目錄位置。 -->
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>
</property>
<!-- 控制hive是否連接一個遠程metastore服務器還是開啟一個本地客戶端jvm，默認是true，Hive0.10已經取消了該配置項；-->
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- JDBC連接字符串，默認jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true；-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<!--JDBC的driver，默認org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver； -->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<!-- username，默認APP；-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<!--password，默認mine；-->
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>!Qaz123456</value>
</property> 下載mysql驅動包
如下圖，新打開一個node2的xshell連接，使用xftp將下載的mysql的驅動包上傳到root用戶的家目錄下
[外鏈圖片轉存失敗,源站可能有防盜鏈機制,建議將圖片保存下來直接上傳(img-R25f6wGm-1579412316616)(assets/1563354813113.png)]
將下載的mysql驅動包復制到hive的lib目錄下
[root@node2 ~]# cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.jar /opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/lib/
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@node2 ~]#切換到hadoop用戶,執行hive命令啟動hive
#1.切換到hive的安裝目錄，使用ll命令，查看hive的安裝目錄
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ll
total 84
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 119 Jul 11 10:57 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 233 Jul 17 16:55 conf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 21099 Jul 12 14:15 derby.log
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 34 Jul 11 10:57 examples
drwxr-xr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 68 Jul 11 10:57 hcatalog
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 8192 Jul 17 17:18 lib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 24754 Mar 31 2017 LICENSE
drwxrwxr-x 5 hadoop hadoop 133 Jul 12 14:15 metastore_db
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 397 Mar 31 2017 NOTICE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 4374 Apr 1 2017 README.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 4255 Apr 1 2017 RELEASE_NOTES.txt
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 23 Jul 11 10:57 scripts
#2.刪除掉derby模式生成的日志文件和元數據目錄,我們現在使用mysql進行管理元數據信息，所以這里不再需要他們，我們就刪除掉即可.
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ rm -rf derby.log
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ rm -rf metastore_db/
#3.重新啟動hive
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive
ls: cannot access /opt/spark-2.4.3-bin-hadoop2.7/lib/spark-assembly-*.jar: No such file or directory
19/07/17 17:23:15 WARN conf.HiveConf: HiveConf of name hive.metastore.local does not exist
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/bigdata/apache-hive-1.2.2-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.2.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
Wed Jul 17 17:23:19 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:20 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:20 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:20 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:20 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:20 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:21 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
Wed Jul 17 17:23:21 CST 2019 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
#4.啟動后我們執行show databases;命令顯示所有數據庫,hive的本地mysql數據庫配置完成.
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 0.902 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
#5.退出hive
hive> quit;
#6.在顯示下hive安裝目錄的所有信息，我們發現目錄下沒有產生新文件,此時的元數據已經存入到mysql數據庫中了，繼續下面的步驟我們會看到.
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ll
total 60
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 119 Jul 11 10:57 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 hadoop hadoop 233 Jul 17 16:55 conf
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 34 Jul 11 10:57 examples
drwxr-xr-x 7 hadoop hadoop 68 Jul 11 10:57 hcatalog
drwxr-xr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 8192 Jul 17 17:18 lib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 24754 Mar 31 2017 LICENSE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 397 Mar 31 2017 NOTICE
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 4374 Apr 1 2017 README.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 hadoop hadoop 4255 Apr 1 2017 RELEASE_NOTES.txt
drwxr-xr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 23 Jul 11 10:57 scripts
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ 經過上面的hive配置之后，我們來看下mysql中有什么樣的變化呢?，經過我們的多次操作我們已經在xshell中打開了三個連接node2的窗口,如下圖,切換到已經登錄mysql的窗口，按照圖中的提示操作.
接著上面的操作，我們繼續向下探索....
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hive_remote |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--1.切換當前數據庫為hive_remote,hive_remote數據庫就是我們在hive-site.xml文件中配置的默認生成的數據庫.
mysql> use hive_remote;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
--2.一下顯示的是hive的元數據信息的所有表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_hive_remote |
+---------------------------+
| BUCKETING_COLS |
| CDS |
| COLUMNS_V2 |
| DATABASE_PARAMS |
| DBS |
| FUNCS |
| FUNC_RU |
| GLOBAL_PRIVS |
| PARTITIONS |
| PARTITION_KEYS |
| PARTITION_KEY_VALS |
| PARTITION_PARAMS |
| PART_COL_STATS |
| ROLES |
| SDS |
| SD_PARAMS |
| SEQUENCE_TABLE |
| SERDES |
| SERDE_PARAMS |
| SKEWED_COL_NAMES |
| SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST |
| SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES |
| SKEWED_VALUES |
| SORT_COLS |
| TABLE_PARAMS |
| TAB_COL_STATS
| --存儲在hive中創建的表的表明 |
| TBLS |
| VERSION |
+---------------------------+
29 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 切換到運行hive的xshell窗口，啟動hive，并創建表
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive
hive> show tables;
OK
Time taken: 0.672 seconds
hive> create table pokes(foo int,bar string);
OK
Time taken: 0.347 seconds
hive> 如下圖的操作
好，此時我們已經在hive中創建了表，那MySQL中有什么樣的變化，我們繼續探索....
--1.執行下面的語句，發現我們剛才在hive中創建的表pokes的表名.
mysql> select TBL_NAME from TBLS;
+----------+
| TBL_NAME |
+----------+
| pokes |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 如下圖，操作結果
[hadoop@node2 ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /user
Found 3 items
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-13 15:00 /user/hadoop
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-11 17:56 /user/hive
#1.當我們在hive命令行中執行創建表的語句之后，同時會在hdfs上創建/user/hive_remote目錄.
drwxr-xr-x - hadoop supergroup 0 2019-07-17 17:42 /user/hive_remote
[hadoop@node2 ~]$
[hadoop@node2 ~]$ 至此我們本地mysql管理hive元數據安裝結束.
遠程模式的意思就是mysql的安裝和hive的安裝沒有在同一臺機器上，和本地模式最大的區別就是在hive-site.xml中，我們需要修改下mysql的ip地址和端口號。但是我們需要注意以下兩個問題:
繼續我們的探索之旅吧，目前我們已經在node2上安裝過了mysql，此時我們要進行遠程模式的mysql安裝，我們選擇在node3節點上安裝mysql（參考安裝mysql數據庫），然后設置在node2上使用root用戶能夠訪問node3上的mysql的權限。
按照【安裝mysql數據庫】安裝完mysql數據庫，修改完初始化密碼之后，需要修改數據庫的遠程訪問權限(訪問者在遠端，訪問mysql的操作沒有在mysql安裝機器上執行sql語句或者mysql命令).
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '!Qaz123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
--授權使用root用戶名和密碼（!Qaz123456）,可以通過任意機器(%符號代替所有機器)訪問mysql數據庫
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by '!Qaz123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
--使上一步授權生效
mysql> flush privileges;因為我們只是改變了mysql的安裝位置，hive的安裝位置不需要改變，我們只需要將hive安裝目錄conf目錄下的hive-site.xml文件中的mysql的連接ip修改成node3的ip即可，這樣就完成了遠程模式的配置.
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.200.13/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>!Qaz123456</value>
</property> 因為我們只是改變了mysql的安裝位置，hive的安裝位置不需要改變，我們以同樣的方式啟動hive.
#啟動hive
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive
#顯示hive表
hive> show tables;
OK
Time taken: 0.713 seconds
hive> 查看mysql數據庫中的變化,如下圖操作，我們發現存放hive元數據的數據庫hive_remote創建成功.
使用同樣的在hive中創建表，在hdfs查看創建的hive表目錄
create table pokes(foo int,bar string);[外鏈圖片轉存失敗,源站可能有防盜鏈機制,建議將圖片保存下來直接上傳(img-q04p2lM7-1579412316630)(assets/1563432986248.png)]
fNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>!Qaz123456</value>
</property>
### 5.3 啟動hive
因為我們只是改變了mysql的安裝位置，hive的安裝位置不需要改變，我們以同樣的方式啟動hive.
```shell
#啟動hive
[hadoop@node2 apache-hive-1.2.2-bin]$ ./bin/hive
#顯示hive表
hive> show tables;
OK
Time taken: 0.713 seconds
hive> 查看mysql數據庫中的變化,如下圖操作，我們發現存放hive元數據的數據庫hive_remote創建成功.
使用同樣的在hive中創建表，在hdfs查看創建的hive表目錄
create table pokes(foo int,bar string);
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