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本篇文章為大家展示了spring cloud 2.x中怎么實現Gateway路由網關,內容簡明扼要并且容易理解,絕對能使你眼前一亮,通過這篇文章的詳細介紹希望你能有所收獲。
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud的一個新項目,該項目是基于Spring5.0,Sprint Boot2.0和Project Reactor等技術開發的網關,它的目的是在微服務架構中提供一種簡單有效的統一api路由管理方式。 Spring Cloud Gateway目標是要替代Netflix Zuul,其不僅提供統一的路由管理方式,還提供一套基于Fliter鏈的方式的網關其他功能,比如:限流、埋點、安全監控等。
Route(路由):網關的基本模塊,它有一個id、一個目標uri、一組斷言和一組過濾器組成,如果斷言為真,則路由匹配。
Predicate(斷言):是一個java8的Predicate。輸入類型是一個ServerWebExchange。可以使用它來匹配來自HTTP請求的內容。
Filter(過濾器):是org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter的實例,可以使用它來修改請求和響應。
客戶端向Spring Cloud Gateway發出請求。如果Gateway Handler映射確定請求與路由匹配,則將其發送到Gateway Web Handler。Gateway Web Handler通過特定于請求的篩選器鏈發送請求。篩選器由虛線分隔的原因是,篩選器可以在發送代理請求之前或之后執行邏輯。執行所有“pre”篩選邏輯,然后發出代理請求。在發出代理請求后,執行“POST”篩選邏輯。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency>
server: port: 8100 spring: application: name: spring-gateway cloud: gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true eureka: instance: hostname: eureka1.server.com lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka1.server.com:8701/eureka/,http://eureka2.server.com:8702/eureka/,http://eureka3.server.com:8703/eureka/
Spring.cloud.gateway.discovery.locator.enabled:true 這里先簡單使用了默認的創建路由規則,自動根據serviceid創建路由的功能
前幾片文章中都在對應的啟動類中增加了@EnableEurekaClient或@EnableDiscoveryClient注解,今天看文檔突然發現,不用加@Enable*注解也可以自動添加到注冊中心,是因為在Spring Cloud Edgware版本之后,只要加上相關的依賴,并進行相應的配置就可以將服務自動注冊到服務發現組件上。
按順序啟動eureka-server、eureka-client、eureka-ribbon、spring-gateway服務。 打開瀏覽器,先去eureka-server服務中心看一下服務是否正常啟動,如下如: 截圖中紅框代表所有服務已經正常啟動。 然后新打來瀏覽器輸入:http://localhost:8100/SPRING-GATEWAY/EUREKA-RIBBON/sayHello,顯示如下:
因為我們才用的是自動配置路由,所有這里url上的服務名稱要全部大寫,就是和服務注冊中心保存一致。 這里我可以看一下spring-gate的啟動日志,自動路由名稱全部是大寫。(個人覺得這里設計的不是很好)。
2019-10-12 16:40:35.870 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: SPRING-GATEWAY.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647 2019-10-12 16:40:35.890 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.u.concurrent.ShutdownEnabledTimer : Shutdown hook installed for: NFLoadBalancer-PingTimer-SPRING-GATEWAY 2019-10-12 16:40:35.890 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.loadbalancer.BaseLoadBalancer : Client: SPRING-GATEWAY instantiated a LoadBalancer: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=SPRING-GATEWAY,current list of Servers=[],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {},Server stats: []}ServerList:null 2019-10-12 16:40:35.895 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : Using serverListUpdater PollingServerListUpdater 2019-10-12 16:40:35.910 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: SPRING-GATEWAY.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647 2019-10-12 16:40:35.911 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : DynamicServerListLoadBalancer for client SPRING-GATEWAY initialized: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=SPRING-GATEWAY,current list of Servers=[eureka1.server.com:8100],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {defaultzone=[Zone:defaultzone; Instance count:1; Active connections count: 0; Circuit breaker tripped count: 0; Active connections per server: 0.0;] },Server stats: [[Server:eureka1.server.com:8100; Zone:defaultZone; Total Requests:0; Successive connection failure:0; Total blackout seconds:0; Last connection made:Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; First connection made: Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; Active Connections:0; total failure count in last (1000) msecs:0; average resp time:0.0; 90 percentile resp time:0.0; 95 percentile resp time:0.0; min resp time:0.0; max resp time:0.0; stddev resp time:0.0] ]}ServerList:org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.eureka.DomainExtractingServerList@3b80e99c 2019-10-12 16:40:36.008 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647 2019-10-12 16:40:36.009 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.n.u.concurrent.ShutdownEnabledTimer : Shutdown hook installed for: NFLoadBalancer-PingTimer-EUREKA-RIBBON 2019-10-12 16:40:36.010 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.netflix.loadbalancer.BaseLoadBalancer : Client: EUREKA-RIBBON instantiated a LoadBalancer: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=EUREKA-RIBBON,current list of Servers=[],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {},Server stats: []}ServerList:null 2019-10-12 16:40:36.011 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : Using serverListUpdater PollingServerListUpdater 2019-10-12 16:40:36.012 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647 2019-10-12 16:40:36.012 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : DynamicServerListLoadBalancer for client EUREKA-RIBBON initialized: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=EUREKA-RIBBON,current list of Servers=[eureka1.server.com:8901],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {defaultzone=[Zone:defaultzone; Instance count:1; Active connections count: 0; Circuit breaker tripped count: 0; Active connections per server: 0.0;] },Server stats: [[Server:eureka1.server.com:8901; Zone:defaultZone; Total Requests:0; Successive connection failure:0; Total blackout seconds:0; Last connection made:Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; First connection made: Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; Active Connections:0; total failure count in last (1000) msecs:0; average resp time:0.0; 90 percentile resp time:0.0; 95 percentile resp time:0.0; min resp time:0.0; max resp time:0.0; stddev resp time:0.0] ]}ServerList:org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.eureka.DomainExtractingServerList@19148ab
同樣的方式我可以請求eureka-feign,結果如下:
至此基于服務發現的默認路由規則就搭建完成。
server: port: 8100 spring: application: name: spring-gateway cloud: gateway: # discovery: # locator: # enabled: true # 開啟通過服務中心的自動根據 serviceId 創建路由的功能 routes: - id: ribbon-route uri: lb://EUREKA-RIBBON order: 0 predicates: - Path=/ribbon/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 #去掉前綴,具體實現參考StripPrefixGatewayFilterFactory - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar - id: feign-route uri: lb://EUREKA-FEIGN order: 0 predicates: - Path=/feign/** filters: - StripPrefix=1 - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar eureka: instance: hostname: eureka1.server.com lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka1.server.com:8701/eureka/,http://eureka2.server.com:8702/eureka/,http://eureka3.server.com:8703/eureka/
StripPrefix: 接受一個非負整數,對應的具體實現是StripPrefixGatewayFilterFactory,做用是去掉前綴,整數對應層數。在本例中訪問的/ribbon/sayHello,網關服務向后轉發請求的時候會去掉/ribbon,eureka-ribbon收到的請求是:/sayHello。eureka-feign同理。
訪問http://localhost:8100/ribbon/sayHello和http://localhost:8100/feign/feign/sayHello,如圖下圖顯示:
ribbon:
feign:
Spring Cloud Gateway同時支持java的流式api的路由定義,可以和application.yml配合使用。
package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.config; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RoutesConfig { @Bean public RouteLocator routeLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder){ return routeLocatorBuilder.routes().route(r -> r.path("/ribbon/**") .filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1) .addRequestHeader("X-Response-Default-Foo", "Default-Bar")) .uri("lb://EUREKA-RIBBON") .order(0) .id("ribbon-route") ).build(); } }
上述內容就是spring cloud 2.x中怎么實現Gateway路由網關,你們學到知識或技能了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識儲備,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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