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Kubernetes Deployment滾動更新機制是什么

發布時間:2021-12-20 10:10:23 來源:億速云 閱讀:492 作者:iii 欄目:云計算

本篇內容介紹了“Kubernetes Deployment滾動更新機制是什么”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!


定義Deployment時與rolling update的相關項

以下面的frontend Deployment為例,重點關注.spec.minReadySeconds,.spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge,.spec.strategy.rollingUpdate. maxUnavailable

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 3
      maxUnavailable: 2
  replicas: 25
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: guestbook
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/gb-frontend:v4
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
        - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
          value: dns
          # If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to
          # instead access environment variables to find service host
          # info, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and uncomment the
          # line below:
          # value: env
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
  • .spec.minReadySeconds: 新創建的Pod狀態為Ready持續的時間至少為.spec.minReadySeconds才認為Pod Available(Ready)。

  • .spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge: specifies the maximum number of Pods that can be created over the desired number of Pods. The value cannot be 0 if MaxUnavailable is 0. 可以為整數或者百分比,默認為desired Pods數的25%. Scale Up新的ReplicaSet時,按照比例計算出允許的MaxSurge,計算時向上取整(比如3.4,取4)。

  • .spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable: specifies the maximum number of Pods that can be unavailable during the update process. The value cannot be 0 if maxSurge is 0.可以為整數或者百分比,默認為desired Pods數的25%. Scale Down舊的ReplicaSet時,按照比例計算出允許的maxUnavailable,計算時向下取整(比如3.6,取3)。

因此,在Deployment rollout時,需要保證Available(Ready) Pods數不低于 desired pods number - maxUnavailable; 保證所有的Pods數不多于 desired pods number + maxSurge

滾動更新的流程

Note: A Deployment’s rollout is triggered if and only if the Deployment’s pod template (that is, .spec.template) is changed, for example if the labels or container images of the template are updated. Other updates, such as scaling the Deployment, do not trigger a rollout.

我們繼續以上面的Deployment為例子,并考慮最常用的情況--更新image(發布新版本):

kubectl set image deploy frontend php-redis=gcr.io/google-samples/gb-frontend:v3 --record

set image之后,導致Deployment's Pod Template發生變化,就會觸發rollout。我們只考慮RollingUpdate策略(Kubernetes還支持ReCreate更新策略)。通過kubectl get rs -w來watch ReplicaSet的變化。

[root@master03 ~]# kubectl get rs -w
NAME                  DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
frontend-3114648124   25        25        25        14m
frontend-3099797709   0         0         0         1h
frontend-3099797709   0         0         0         1h
frontend-3099797709   3         0         0         1h
frontend-3114648124   23        25        25        17m
frontend-3099797709   5         0         0         1h
frontend-3114648124   23        25        25        17m
frontend-3114648124   23        23        23        17m
frontend-3099797709   5         0         0         1h
frontend-3099797709   5         3         0         1h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         0         1h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         1         1h
frontend-3114648124   22        23        23        17m
frontend-3099797709   5         5         2         1h
frontend-3114648124   22        23        23        17m
frontend-3114648124   22        22        22        17m
frontend-3099797709   6         5         2         1h
frontend-3114648124   21        22        22        17m
frontend-3099797709   6         5         2         1h
frontend-3114648124   21        22        22        17m
frontend-3099797709   7         5         2         1h
frontend-3099797709   7         6         2         1h
frontend-3114648124   21        21        21        17m
frontend-3099797709   7         6         2         1h
frontend-3099797709   7         7         2         1h
frontend-3099797709   7         7         2         1h
frontend-3099797709   7         7         3         1h
frontend-3099797709   7         7         4         1h
frontend-3114648124   20        21        21        17m
frontend-3099797709   8         7         4         1h
frontend-3114648124   20        21        21        17m
frontend-3114648124   20        20        20        17m
frontend-3099797709   8         7         4         1h
frontend-3099797709   8         8         4         1h
frontend-3099797709   8         8         5         1h
frontend-3114648124   19        20        20        17m
frontend-3099797709   9         8         5         1h
frontend-3114648124   19        20        20        17m
frontend-3099797709   9         8         5         1h
frontend-3099797709   9         9         5         1h
frontend-3114648124   19        19        19        17m
frontend-3099797709   9         9         5         1h
frontend-3114648124   18        19        19        18m
frontend-3099797709   10        9         5         1h
frontend-3114648124   18        19        19        18m
frontend-3099797709   10        9         5         1h
frontend-3114648124   18        18        18        18m
frontend-3099797709   10        10        5         1h
frontend-3099797709   10        10        5         1h
frontend-3114648124   18        18        18        18m
frontend-3099797709   10        10        6         1h
frontend-3099797709   10        10        6         1h
frontend-3114648124   17        18        18        18m
frontend-3114648124   17        18        18        18m
frontend-3099797709   11        10        6         1h
frontend-3099797709   11        10        6         1h
frontend-3114648124   17        17        17        18m
frontend-3099797709   11        11        6         1h

說明:

  1. frontend-3114648124為原來的RS(成為OldRS),frontend-3099797709為新建的RS(成為NewRS,當然也可能是Old RS,如果之前執行過這個一樣的內容)。

  2. maxSurge:3, maxUnavailable=2, desired replicas=25

  • NewRS創建maxSurge(3)個Pods,這時達到pods數的上限值desired replicas + maxSurge (28個)

  • 不會等NewRS創建的Pods Ready,而是馬上delete OldRS maxUnavailable(2)個Pods,這時Ready的Pods number最差也能保證desired replicas - maxUnavailable(23個)

  • 接下來的流程是不固定,只要新建的Pods有幾個返回Ready,則意味著可以接著刪除幾個舊的Pods了。只要有幾個刪除成功的Pods返回,就會創建一定數量的Pods,只要All pods數量與上限值desired replicas + maxSurge有差值空間,就會接著創建新的Pods。

  • 如此進行滾動更新, 直到創建的新Pods個數達到desired replicas,并等待它們都Ready,然后再刪除所有剩余的舊的Pods。至此,滾動流程結束。

對同一個Deployment先后觸發滾動更新,邏輯如何?

我們考慮這個情況,但用戶執行某個滾動更新后,未等待此次滾動更新結束,就繼續執行了一次新的滾動更新請求,這時后臺滾動流程會怎么樣呢?會亂成一鍋粥么?

我們繼續以這個例子來看:

# deploy frontend 穩定運行在v2(frontend-888714875)時:
[root@master03 ~]# kubectl get rs -w
NAME                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE

====執行 kubectl set image deploy frontend php-redis=gcr.io/google-samples/gb-frontend:v3 --record
----備注: v3 --> frontend-776431694
frontend-776431694   0         0         0         6h
frontend-776431694   0         0         0         6h
frontend-776431694   3         0         0         6h
frontend-888714875   23        25        25        5h
frontend-776431694   5         0         0         6h
frontend-888714875   23        25        25        5h
frontend-888714875   23        23        23        5h
frontend-776431694   5         0         0         6h
frontend-776431694   5         3         0         6h
frontend-776431694   5         5         0         6h
frontend-776431694   5         5         1         6h
frontend-776431694   5         5         2         6h
frontend-776431694   5         5         3         6h
frontend-776431694   5         5         4         6h
frontend-776431694   5         5         4         6h
frontend-888714875   22        23        23        5h
frontend-776431694   6         5         4         6h
frontend-888714875   22        23        23        5h
frontend-888714875   22        22        22        5h
frontend-776431694   6         5         4         6h
frontend-776431694   6         6         4         6h
frontend-776431694   6         6         4         6h
frontend-888714875   19        22        22        5h
frontend-776431694   9         6         4         6h
frontend-888714875   19        22        22        5h
frontend-776431694   9         6         4         6h
frontend-888714875   19        19        19        5h
frontend-776431694   9         9         4         6h
frontend-888714875   19        19        19        5h

==== 執行 kubectl set image deploy frontend php-redis=gcr.io/google-samples/gb-frontend:v4 --record ====
----- 備注:v4 --> frontend-3099797709 ----

frontend-3099797709   0         0         0         6h
frontend-3099797709   0         0         0         6h
frontend-776431694   4         9         4         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         0         0         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         0         0         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         0         6h
frontend-776431694   4         9         4         6h
frontend-776431694   4         4         4         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         0         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         1         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         2         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         3         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         4         6h
frontend-3099797709   5         5         4         6h
frontend-776431694   2         4         4         6h
frontend-3099797709   7         5         4         6h
frontend-776431694   2         4         4         6h
frontend-776431694   2         2         2         6h
frontend-776431694   2         2         2         6h
frontend-3099797709   7         5         4         6h
frontend-776431694   0         2         2         6h
frontend-3099797709   7         7         4         6h
frontend-776431694   0         2         2         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         7         4         6h
frontend-776431694   0         0         0         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         7         4         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         9         4         6h
frontend-776431694   0         0         0         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         9         4         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         9         5         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         9         6         6h
frontend-3099797709   9         9         7         6h
frontend-888714875   17        19        19        5h
frontend-3099797709   11        9         7         6h
frontend-888714875   17        19        19        5h
frontend-888714875   17        17        17        5h
frontend-3099797709   11        9         7         6h
frontend-888714875   16        17        17        5h
frontend-3099797709   11        11        7         6h
frontend-3099797709   12        11        7         6h
frontend-888714875   16        17        17        5h
frontend-888714875   16        16        16        5h
frontend-3099797709   12        11        7         6h
frontend-3099797709   12        12        7         6h
frontend-3099797709   12        12        8         6h
frontend-3099797709   12        12        8         6h
frontend-888714875   15        16        16        5h
frontend-3099797709   13        12        8         6h
frontend-888714875   15        16        16        5h
frontend-888714875   15        15        15        5h
frontend-3099797709   13        12        8         6h
frontend-3099797709   13        13        8         6h
frontend-3099797709   13        13        8         6h
frontend-3099797709   13        13        9         6h
frontend-3099797709   13        13        10        6h
frontend-888714875   14        15        15        5h
frontend-3099797709   14        13        10        6h
frontend-888714875   14        15        15        5h
frontend-888714875   14        14        14        5h
frontend-3099797709   14        13        10        6h
frontend-888714875   14        14        14        5h
frontend-3099797709   14        14        11        6h
frontend-3099797709   14        14        12        6h
frontend-3099797709   14        14        12        6h
frontend-3099797709   14        14        12        6h
frontend-888714875   11        14        14        5h
frontend-3099797709   17        14        12        6h
frontend-888714875   11        14        14        5h
frontend-3099797709   17        14        12        6h
frontend-888714875   11        11        11        5h
frontend-3099797709   17        17        12        6h
frontend-888714875   11        11        11        5h
frontend-3099797709   17        17        12        6h
frontend-3099797709   17        17        13        6h
frontend-3099797709   17        17        14        6h
frontend-3099797709   17        17        14        6h
frontend-888714875   10        11        11        5h
frontend-3099797709   18        17        14        6h
frontend-888714875   10        11        11        5h
frontend-888714875   10        10        10        5h
frontend-3099797709   18        17        14        6h
frontend-3099797709   18        18        14        6h
frontend-3099797709   18        18        15        6h
frontend-888714875   9         10        10        5h
frontend-3099797709   18        18        16        6h
frontend-888714875   9         10        10        5h
frontend-3099797709   19        18        16        6h
frontend-3099797709   19        18        16        6h
frontend-888714875   9         9         9         5h
frontend-888714875   7         9         9         5h
frontend-3099797709   19        18        16        6h
frontend-888714875   7         9         9         5h
frontend-3099797709   21        18        16        6h
frontend-888714875   7         9         9         5h
frontend-3099797709   21        19        16        6h
frontend-888714875   7         7         7         5h
frontend-3099797709   21        21        16        6h
frontend-888714875   7         7         7         5h
frontend-3099797709   21        21        17        6h
frontend-3099797709   21        21        18        6h
frontend-3099797709   21        21        18        6h
frontend-888714875   5         7         7         5h
frontend-888714875   5         7         7         5h
frontend-3099797709   23        21        18        6h
frontend-888714875   5         5         5         5h
frontend-3099797709   23        21        18        6h
frontend-3099797709   23        23        18        6h
frontend-3099797709   23        23        18        6h
frontend-3099797709   23        23        19        6h
frontend-3099797709   23        23        20        6h
frontend-3099797709   23        23        20        6h
frontend-888714875   3         5         5         5h
frontend-3099797709   25        23        20        6h
frontend-888714875   3         5         5         5h
frontend-888714875   3         3         3         5h
frontend-3099797709   25        23        20        6h
frontend-888714875   3         3         3         5h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        20        6h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        21        6h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        22        6h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        22        6h
frontend-888714875   2         3         3         5h
frontend-888714875   2         3         3         5h
frontend-888714875   2         2         2         5h
frontend-888714875   2         2         2         5h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        23        6h
frontend-888714875   1         2         2         5h
frontend-888714875   1         2         2         5h
frontend-888714875   1         1         1         5h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        23        6h
frontend-888714875   0         1         1         5h
frontend-888714875   0         1         1         5h
frontend-888714875   0         0         0         5h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        24        6h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        25        6h
frontend-3099797709   25        25        25        6h

說明:
deployment frontend穩定運行在v2版本(RS:frontend-888714875),然后執行kubectl set image觸發滾動更新到v3版本(RS: frontend-776431694), 當v3 RS的desired個數scale up到9個,ready個數為4個時,用戶又執行kubectl set image觸發滾動更新到v4版本(RS: frontend-3099797709)。

  • v2到v3的滾動流程同上一小節的描述;

  • 當新的滾動流程觸發后,最老的v2的RS保持不動,不會繼續scale down。

  • 然后v4將通過滾動更新的方式把已經scale up的9個v3 RS的pods替換掉,將所有v3的Pods升級到v4。

  • 最后再接著v4 RS滾動更新把v2的RS所有的舊Pods都升級到v4。

  • 整個完整的滾動流程中,都必須遵守maxSurge和maxUnavailable的約束,不能越雷池半步。

設想一個更復雜的場景:如果在上述v4滾動更新替換到半吊子的v3 RS過程中,用戶又觸發了一個滾動更新到v5版本,流程會怎么樣呢? 不要怕,原理是一樣的,Deployment rolling update總是先把最新的RS滾動更新替換掉,然后逐步把舊的RS滾動更新替換掉,直到最最老的那個RS scale down為0,流程就結束了,可以簡要概括如下:

  • 剩余的v2, v3停止scale down;

  • v5把v4通過滾動更新的方式替換掉;

  • v5再把剩余v3通過滾動更新的方式替換掉;

  • v5再把剩余v2通過滾動更新的方式替換掉;

最后的RS會按照RS從新到舊排序的方式,逐步把舊的RS Pods scale down to 0, 自己 scale up to desired pods number。

理解rollout pause和resume

或許很多人至今還會這么覺得:整個滾動更新的過程中,一旦用戶執行了kubectl rollout pause deploy/frontend后,正在執行的滾動流程就會立刻停止,然后用戶執行kubectl rollout resume deploy/frontend就會繼續未完成的滾動更新。那你就大錯特錯了!

kubectl rollout pause只會用來停止觸發下一次rollout。什么意思呢? 上面描述的這個場景,正在執行的滾動歷程是不會停下來的,而是會繼續正常的進行滾動,直到完成。等下一次,用戶再次觸發rollout時,Deployment就不會真的去啟動執行滾動更新了,而是等待用戶執行了kubectl rollout resume,流程才會真正啟動執行。

ReplicaSet和rollout history的關系

前提,你要知道關于--record
Setting the kubectl flag --record to true allows you to record current command in the annotations of the resources being created or updated.

默認情況下,所有通過kubectl xxxx --record都會被kubernetes記錄到etcd進行持久化,這無疑會占用資源,最重要的是,時間久了,當你kubectl get rs時,會有成百上千的垃圾RS返回給你,那時你可能就眼花繚亂了。

上生產時,我們最好通過設置Deployment的.spec.revisionHistoryLimit來限制最大保留的revision number,比如15個版本,回滾的時候一般只會回滾到最近的幾個版本就足夠了。

執行下面的命令,可以返回某個Deployment的所有record記錄:

$ kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment
deployments "nginx-deployment"
REVISION    CHANGE-CAUSE
1           kubectl create -f docs/user-guide/nginx-deployment.yaml --record
2           kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
3           kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.91

然后執行rollout undo命令就可以回滾到to-revision指定的版本。

kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment --to-revision=2
deployment "nginx-deployment" rolled back

其實rollout history中記錄的revision都和ReplicaSets一一對應。如果手動delete某個ReplicaSet,對應的rollout history就會被刪除,也就是還說你無法回滾到這個revison了。

roolout history和ReplicaSet的對應關系,可以在kubectl describe rs $RSNAME返回的revision字段中得到,這里的revision就對應著roolout history返回的revison。

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