java application maven項目如何打自定義zip包

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1.配置pom.xml文件，添加build節點

<build>
        <!-- 輸出的包名 -->
        <finalName>p2p</finalName>
        <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>

        <resources>
            <!-- 控制資源文件的拷貝(默認復制到classes目錄，最后打進jar包) -->
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <!-- 排除外置的配置文件(運行時注釋上使IDE能讀取到配置文件；打包時放開注釋讓配置文件外置方便修改) -->
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>config.properties</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <!-- 配置文件外置的資源(存放到config目錄，也是classpath路徑，下面會配置) -->
           <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>config.properties</include>
                </includes>
                <targetPath>${project.build.directory}/config</targetPath>
           </resource>
       </resources>

       <plugins>
           <!-- 設置編譯版本 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包jar文件時，配置manifest文件，加入lib包的jar依賴 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <!-- 清單文件，設置入口類和classpath -->
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.hdwang.Application</mainClass>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        </manifest>
                        <!-- 給清單文件添加鍵值對，增加classpath路徑,這里將config目錄也設置為classpath路徑 -->
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Class-Path>config/</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </archive>
                    <classesDirectory>
                    </classesDirectory>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- 拷貝依賴的jar包到lib目錄 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <outputDirectory>
                                ${project.build.directory}/lib
                            </outputDirectory>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <!-- 解決資源文件的編碼問題 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 自定義打zip包 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <descriptors>
                        <descriptor>src/main/assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor>
                    </descriptors>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

這個pom配置文件中注意紅色字體部分，這是實現配置文件外置的關鍵配置，思路就是配置文件不打進jar包，放置到外面，且將此文件夾設置為classpath，這樣子程序便可以通過根據classloader很方便地讀取到配置文件了。下面給出讀取配置文件的java代碼，在IDE運行時和打包后，代碼都不用修改，因為配置文件總能從classpath路徑中找到！！！

工具包的maven信息

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-configuration</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-configuration</artifactId>
    <version>1.10</version>
</dependency>

2.新建maven-assembly-plugin插件的配置文件assembly.xml，內容如下

<assembly>
    <id>bin</id>
    <formats>
        <format>zip</format>
    </formats>
    <!-- 使用assembly拷貝依賴包 -->
    <!--<dependencySets>-->
        <!--<dependencySet>-->
            <!--<!– 是否包含自己（將項目生成的jar包也輸出到lib目錄） –>-->
            <!--<useProjectArtifact>false</useProjectArtifact>-->
            <!--<outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>-->
        <!--</dependencySet>-->
    <!--</dependencySets>-->
    <fileSets>
        <!-- 從目標目錄拷貝文件去壓縮 -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>target</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.jar</include>
            </includes>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>target/lib</directory>
            <outputDirectory>/lib</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>target/config</directory>
            <outputDirectory>/config</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>

        <!-- 從源目錄拷貝文件去壓縮 -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/main/run</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.sh</include>
                <include>*.cmd</include>
            </includes>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/main</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>ReadMe.txt</include>
            </includes>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</assembly>

這個插件在package生命周期中運行，執行mvn package或者mvn install便可觸發此插件的執行。這里我注釋掉了拷貝依賴包的代碼，是因為在pom.xml文件中已經配置了maven-dependency-plugin執行這樣的操作，無須重復配置。fileSet可以配置需要拷貝壓縮的文件，directory路徑相對于項目根目錄，outputDirectory路徑相對于輸出目錄target，includes可以對拷貝的文件進行篩選。這里可以拷貝壓縮輸出目錄的文件，應該就是因為此插件運行在程序編譯打包之后，這樣子就達到了我們自定義打包的要求：編譯->拷貝資源文件->項目打包->拷貝依賴的jar包-> assembly進行拷貝壓縮。然后使用打出的zip包就可以去部署發布了，解壓后就能運行。

3.程序打包流程示意圖

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