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這篇文章主要講解了“如何使用AMS”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“如何使用AMS”吧!
服務的啟動
之前在SystemServer章節說過,系統的服務一般都是通過SystemServer進程啟動的,AMS也不例外。
//SystemServer.java private void startBootstrapServices() { //... // Activity manager runs the show. traceBeginAndSlog("StartActivityManager"); mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager); mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer); traceEnd(); } //中間用到了反射,之前說過。 public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) { // Register it. mServices.add(service); // Start it. long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); try { service.onStart(); } catch (RuntimeException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName() + ": onStart threw an exception", ex); } } //ActivityManagerService.java public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService { private final ActivityManagerService mService; public Lifecycle(Context context) { super(context); mService = new ActivityManagerService(context); } @Override public void onStart() { mService.start(); } @Override public void onBootPhase(int phase) { mService.mBootPhase = phase; if (phase == PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY) { mService.mBatteryStatsService.systemServicesReady(); mService.mServices.systemServicesReady(); } } @Override public void onCleanupUser(int userId) { mService.mBatteryStatsService.onCleanupUser(userId); } public ActivityManagerService getService() { return mService; } }
可以看到,通過調用了ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle這個內部類中的onStart方法,啟動了AMS,并調用了AMS的start方法。
再簡單看看AMS的實例化方法和start方法:
public ActivityManagerService(Context systemContext) { mContext = systemContext; mFactoryTest = FactoryTest.getMode(); mSystemThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread(); mUiContext = mSystemThread.getSystemUiContext(); mHandlerThread = new ServiceThread(TAG, THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND, false /*allowIo*/); mHandlerThread.start(); mHandler = new MainHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper()); mUiHandler = mInjector.getUiHandler(this); //... mServices = new ActiveServices(this); mProviderMap = new ProviderMap(this); mAppErrors = new AppErrors(mUiContext, this); // TODO: Move creation of battery stats service outside of activity manager service. mBatteryStatsService = new BatteryStatsService(systemContext, systemDir, mHandler); mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().readLocked(); mBatteryStatsService.scheduleWriteToDisk(); mOnBattery = DEBUG_POWER ? true : mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().getIsOnBattery(); mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().setCallback(this); mStackSupervisor = createStackSupervisor(); mStackSupervisor.onConfigurationChanged(mTempConfig); mActivityStartController = new ActivityStartController(this); mRecentTasks = createRecentTasks(); mStackSupervisor.setRecentTasks(mRecentTasks); mLockTaskController = new LockTaskController(mContext, mStackSupervisor, mHandler); mLifecycleManager = new ClientLifecycleManager(); mProcessCpuThread = new Thread("CpuTracker") //... } private void start() { removeAllProcessGroups(); mProcessCpuThread.start(); mBatteryStatsService.publish(); mAppOpsService.publish(mContext); Slog.d("AppOps", "AppOpsService published"); LocalServices.addService(ActivityManagerInternal.class, new LocalService()); // Wait for the synchronized block started in mProcessCpuThread, // so that any other acccess to mProcessCpuTracker from main thread // will be blocked during mProcessCpuTracker initialization. try { mProcessCpuInitLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { Slog.wtf(TAG, "Interrupted wait during start", e); Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); throw new IllegalStateException("Interrupted wait during start"); } }
代碼很長,我只截取了一部分。
在構造函數中,主要初始化了一些對象,比如Context、ActivityThrad、Handler、CPU監控線程,還有一些后文要用到的ActivityStackSupervisor、ActivityStarter等對象,
在start方法中,主要就是啟動了CPU監控線程,然后注冊了電池狀態服務和權限管理服務。
初始工作
AMS被啟動之后,還會在SystemServer啟動三大服務的時候偷偷干一些工作,我們搜索下mActivityManagerService變量就可以看到:
private void startBootstrapServices() { //1、初始化電源管理器 mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement(); //2、為系統進程設置應用程序實例并啟動。 mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess(); } private void startCoreServices() { // 啟動UsageStatsManager,用于查詢應用的使用情況 mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class); mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager( LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class)); traceEnd(); } private void startOtherServices() { //安裝系統的Providers mActivityManagerService.installSystemProviders(); //啟動WMS,并為AMS設置WMS關系 wm = WindowManagerService.main(context, inputManager, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL, !mFirstBoot, mOnlyCore, new PhoneWindowManager()); mActivityManagerService.setWindowManager(wm); //... } public void setSystemProcess() { try { ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, /* allowIsolated= */ true, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO); } }
其中第二步setSystemProcess方法中,會注冊AMS到ServiceManager中,這樣后續如果需要用到AMS的時候就可以通過ServiceManager進行獲取,下面馬上就要講到。
啟動就說這么多,都是比較枯燥的內容,所以也沒有深入下去,有個印象就行,以后如果需要用到相關知識就知道去哪里找了。
從啟動流程看AMS工作內容
為了了解AMS的具體工作,我們就從Activity的啟動過程看起。
上文app啟動流程中說過,startActivityForResult方法會轉到mInstrumentation.execStartActivity方法:
//mInstrumentation.execStartActivity int result = ActivityManager.getService() .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent, intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()), token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null, requestCode, 0, null, options); checkStartActivityResult(result, intent); public static IActivityManager getService() { return IActivityManagerSingleton.get(); } private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() { @Override protected IActivityManager create() { final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE); final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b); return am; } };
可以看到,最終要拿到AMS的IBinder類型引用,這里的ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE)是不是有點熟悉,沒錯,就是剛才專門調用了setSystemProcess方法對AMS進行了注冊在ServiceManager中。然后我們要使用相關服務的方法的時候,就通過Servermanager拿到對應服務的引用。
這里也就是拿到了IActivityManager對象,IActivityManager其實就是AMS在當前進程的代理,這里的邏輯就是通過AIDL做了一個進程間的通信。因為這些服務,包括我們今天說的AMS都是在SystemServer進程中的,而我們實際用到的時候是在我們自己的應用進程中,所以就涉及到進程間通信了,這里是用的Binder機制進行通信。
Binder,ServiceManager,這是Binder通信一整套流程,不光是AMS,包括其他的WMS等服務基本上都是通過Binder機制進行進程間通信的,具體內容可以期待下后面說到的Binder章節。
接著看啟動流程,通過Binder調用到了AMS的startActivity方法,然后會調用到ActivityStarter的startActivity方法,在這個方法中,我們發現一個新的類:
//ActivityStarter.java private int startActivity(...){ ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, callerApp, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.getGlobalConfiguration(), resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified, voiceSession != null, mSupervisor, checkedOptions, sourceRecord); if (outActivity != null) { outActivity[0] = r; } //... return startActivity(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, startFlags, true /* doResume */, checkedOptions, inTask, outActivity); }
ActivityRecord
這個類翻譯過來是Activity的記錄,所以猜測是和Activity有關,我們點進去看看它里面包含了什么:
final ActivityManagerService service; // owner final IApplicationToken.Stub appToken; // window manager token final ActivityInfo info; // all about me ApplicationInfo appInfo; // information about activity's app final int userId; // Which user is this running for? final String packageName; // the package implementing intent's component final String processName; // process where this component wants to run final String taskAffinity; // as per ActivityInfo.taskAffinity private int icon; // resource identifier of activity's icon. private int logo; // resource identifier of activity's logo. private int theme; // resource identifier of activity's theme. int launchMode; // the launch mode activity attribute.
我保留了一些比較常用的屬性,大家應該都看得出來是什么了吧,比如當前Activity的主題——theme,當前Activity的token——apptoken,當前Activity的包名——packageName。
所以這個ActivityRecord其實就是保存記錄了Activity的所有信息。
接著看流程,后續會執行到startActivityUnchecked方法,這個方法中,我們又可以看到一個新的類——TaskRecord.
TaskRecord
private int startActivityUnchecked(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask, ActivityRecord[] outActivity) { if (mStartActivity.resultTo == null && mInTask == null && !mAddingToTask && (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) { newTask = true; result = setTaskFromReuseOrCreateNewTask(taskToAffiliate, topStack); } else if (mSourceRecord != null) { result = setTaskFromSourceRecord(); } else if (mInTask != null) { result = setTaskFromInTask(); } else { // This not being started from an existing activity, and not part of a new task... // just put it in the top task, though these days this case should never happen. setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask(); } } // 新建一個任務棧 private void setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask() { //... final ActivityRecord prev = mTargetStack.getTopActivity(); final TaskRecord task = (prev != null) ? prev.getTask() : mTargetStack.createTaskRecord( mSupervisor.getNextTaskIdForUserLocked(mStartActivity.userId), mStartActivity.info, mIntent, null, null, true, mStartActivity, mSourceRecord, mOptions); addOrReparentStartingActivity(task, "setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask"); mTargetStack.positionChildWindowContainerAtTop(task); } //添加Ac到棧頂 private void addOrReparentStartingActivity(TaskRecord parent, String reason) { if (mStartActivity.getTask() == null || mStartActivity.getTask() == parent) { parent.addActivityToTop(mStartActivity); } else { mStartActivity.reparent(parent, parent.mActivities.size() /* top */, reason); } }
從代碼中可知,當我們啟動的Activity需要一個新的任務棧的時候(比如啟動模式為FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK),我們會走到setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask方法中,新建一個TaskRecord類,并且把當前的Activity通過addActivityToTop方法添加到棧頂。
所以這個TaskRecord類就是一個任務棧類了,它的作用就是維護棧內的所有Activity,進去看看這個類有哪些變量:
final int taskId; // Unique identifier for this task. /** List of all activities in the task arranged in history order */ final ArrayList<ActivityRecord> mActivities; /** Current stack. Setter must always be used to update the value. */ private ActivityStack mStack;
這里截取了一些,可以發現有任務id——taskId,任務棧的所有ActivityRecord——mActivities,以及這個還不知道是什么的但是我知道是用來管理所有Activity和任務棧的大管家——ActivityStack。
ActivityStack
啟動流程再往后面走,就會走到的ActivityStackSupervisor的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked方法:
//ActivityStackSupervisor.java /** The stack containing the launcher app. Assumed to always be attached to * Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY. */ ActivityStack mHomeStack; /** The stack currently receiving input or launching the next activity. */ ActivityStack mFocusedStack; /** If this is the same as mFocusedStack then the activity on the top of the focused stack has * been resumed. If stacks are changing position this will hold the old stack until the new * stack becomes resumed after which it will be set to mFocusedStack. */ private ActivityStack mLastFocusedStack; public ActivityStackSupervisor(ActivityManagerService service, Looper looper) { mService = service; mLooper = looper; mHandler = new ActivityStackSupervisorHandler(looper); } boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked( ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) { if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) { return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions); } final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked(); if (r == null || !r.isState(RESUMED)) { mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null); } else if (r.isState(RESUMED)) { // Kick off any lingering app transitions form the MoveTaskToFront operation. mFocusedStack.executeAppTransition(targetOptions); } return false; }
ActivityStackSupervisor是一個管理ActivityStack的類,在AMS的構造方法中被創建,這個類中可以看到有一些任務棧,比如mHomeStack——包含了Launcher APP的Activity。
然后再看看ActivityStack這個大管家家里存儲了什么好東西:
enum ActivityState { INITIALIZING, RESUMED, PAUSING, PAUSED, STOPPING, STOPPED, FINISHING, DESTROYING, DESTROYED } private final ArrayList<TaskRecord> mTaskHistory = new ArrayList<>(); final ArrayList<ActivityRecord> mLRUActivities = new ArrayList<>(); ActivityRecord mPausingActivity = null; ActivityRecord mLastPausedActivity = null;
可以看到,在ActivityStack中:
有一個枚舉ActivityState,存儲了Activity的所有狀態。
有一些TaskRecord和ActivityRecord的列表,比如mTaskHistory——沒有被銷毀的任務棧列表,mLRUActivities——通過LRU計算的列表頭目是最近最少使用的Activity的ActivityRecord列表。
還有一些特殊狀態的Activity對應的ActivityRecord,比如正在暫停的Activity,上一個暫停過的Activity。
最后,啟動流程會走到AMS的startProcessLocked方法,然后跟Zygote進程通信,fork進程。后續就不說了。
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“如何使用AMS”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對如何使用AMS這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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