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這篇文章給大家介紹Hive中有哪些集合數據類型,內容非常詳細,感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考借鑒,希望對大家能有所幫助。
除了使用礎的數據類型string等,Hive中的列支持使用struct, map, array集合數據類型。
數據類型 | 描述 | 語法示例 |
---|---|---|
STRUCT | 和C語言中的struct或者"對象"類似,都可以通過"點"符號訪問元素內容。 | struct{'John', 'Doe'} |
MAP | MAP是一組鍵-值對元素集合,使用key可以訪問元素。 | map('fisrt', 'John', 'last', 'Doe') |
ARRAY | 數組是一組具有相同數據類型和名稱的變量的集合。 | Array('John', 'Doe') |
1. Array的使用
創建數據庫表,以array作為數據類型
create table person(name string,work_locations array<string>) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ',';
數據
biansutao beijing,shanghai,tianjin,hangzhou linan changchu,chengdu,wuhan
入庫數據
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/hadoop/person.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE person;
查詢
hive> select * from person; biansutao ["beijing","shanghai","tianjin","hangzhou"] linan ["changchu","chengdu","wuhan"] Time taken: 0.355 seconds hive> select name from person; linan biansutao Time taken: 12.397 seconds hive> select work_locations[0] from person; changchu beijing Time taken: 13.214 seconds hive> select work_locations from person; ["changchu","chengdu","wuhan"] ["beijing","shanghai","tianjin","hangzhou"] Time taken: 13.755 seconds hive> select work_locations[3] from person; NULL hangzhou Time taken: 12.722 seconds hive> select work_locations[4] from person; NULL NULL Time taken: 15.958 seconds
2. Map 的使用
創建數據庫表
create table score(name string, score map<string,int>) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ',' MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY ':';
要入庫的數據
biansutao '數學':80,'語文':89,'英語':95 jobs '語文':60,'數學':80,'英語':99
入庫數據
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/hadoop/score.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE score;
查詢
hive> select * from score; biansutao {"數學":80,"語文":89,"英語":95} jobs {"語文":60,"數學":80,"英語":99} Time taken: 0.665 seconds hive> select name from score; jobs biansutao Time taken: 19.778 seconds hive> select t.score from score t; {"語文":60,"數學":80,"英語":99} {"數學":80,"語文":89,"英語":95} Time taken: 19.353 seconds hive> select t.score['語文'] from score t; 60 89 Time taken: 13.054 seconds hive> select t.score['英語'] from score t; 99 95 Time taken: 13.769 seconds
修改map字段的分隔符
Storage Desc Params: colelction.delim ## field.delim \t mapkey.delim = serialization.format \t
可以通過desc formatted tableName查看表的屬性。
hive-2.1.1中,可以看出colelction.delim,這里是colelction而不是collection,hive里面這個單詞寫錯了,所以還是要按照錯誤的來。
alter table t8 set serdepropertyes('colelction.delim'=',');
3. Struct 的使用
創建數據表
CREATE TABLE test(id int,course struct<course:string,score:int>) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ',';
數據
1 english,80 2 math,89 3 chinese,95
入庫
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/hadoop/test.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE test;
查詢
hive> select * from test; OK 1 {"course":"english","score":80} 2 {"course":"math","score":89} 3 {"course":"chinese","score":95} Time taken: 0.275 seconds hive> select course from test; {"course":"english","score":80} {"course":"math","score":89} {"course":"chinese","score":95} Time taken: 44.968 seconds select t.course.course from test t; english math chinese Time taken: 15.827 seconds hive> select t.course.score from test t; 80 89 95 Time taken: 13.235 seconds
4. 不支持組合的復雜數據類型
我們有時候可能想建一個復雜的數據集合類型,比如下面的a字段,本身是一個Map,它的key是string類型的,value是Array集合類型的。
建表
create table test1(id int,a MAP<STRING,ARRAY<STRING>>) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' collection items terminated by ',' MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY ':';
導入數據
1 english:80,90,70 2 math:89,78,86 3 chinese:99,100,82 LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/hadoop/test1.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE test1;
這里查詢出數據:
hive> select * from test1; OK 1 {"english":["80"],"90":null,"70":null} 2 {"math":["89"],"78":null,"86":null} 3 {"chinese":["99"],"100":null,"82":null}
可以看到,已經出問題了,我們意圖是想"english":["80", "90", "70"],實際上把90和70也當作Map的key了,value值都是空的。分析一下我們的建表語句,collection items terminated by ','制定了集合類型(map, struct, array)數據元素之間分隔符是", ",實際上map也是屬于集合的,那么也會按照逗號分出3個key-value對;由于MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY ':'定義了map中key-value的分隔符是":",第一個“english”可以準確識別,后面的直接把value置為"null"了。
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