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這篇文章主要講解了“怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp”,文中的講解內容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp”吧!
使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于調用其它服務,一般服務暴露出來的接口都為http,http常用請求類型就為GET、PUT、POST和DELETE,因此主要介紹這些請求類型的調用
HttpClient使用介紹
使用HttpClient發送請求主要分為以下幾步驟:
創建 CloseableHttpClient對象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient對象,前者同步,后者為異步
創建Http請求對象
調用execute方法執行請求,如果是異步請求在執行之前需調用start方法
創建連接:
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
該連接為同步連接
GET請求:
@Test public void testGet() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }
使用HttpGet表示該連接為GET請求,HttpClient調用execute方法發送GET請求
PUT請求:
@Test public void testPut() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h3t").id(16L).build(); httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }
POST請求:
添加對象
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h3t2").build(); httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }
該請求是一個創建對象的請求,需要傳入一個json字符串
上傳文件
@Test public void testUpload1() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf"); FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file); MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE); builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上傳文件 HttpEntity entity = builder.build(); httpPost.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }
通過addPart上傳文件
DELETE請求:
@Test public void testDelete() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user/12"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }
請求的取消:
@Test public void testCancel() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設置超時時間 //測試連接的取消 long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); while (true) { if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) { httpGet.abort(); System.out.println("task canceled"); break; } } System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }
調用abort方法取消請求 執行結果:
task canceled cost 8098 msc Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket' java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp發送請求主要分為以下幾步驟:
創建OkHttpClient對象
創建Request對象
將Request 對象封裝為Call
通過Call 來執行同步或異步請求,調用execute方法同步執行,調用enqueue方法異步執行
創建連接:
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
GET請求:
@Test public void testGet() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }
PUT請求:
@Test public void testPut() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求參數 UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h3t").id(11L).build(); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .put(requestBody) .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }
POST請求:
添加對象
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求參數 JSONObject json = new JSONObject(); json.put("name", "hetiantian"); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //post請求 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }
上傳文件
@Test public void testUpload() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder() .setType(MultipartBody.FORM) .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf", RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf"))) .build(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //默認為GET請求,可以不寫 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }
通過addFormDataPart方法模擬表單方式上傳文件
DELETE請求:
@Test public void testDelete() throws IOException { String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求參數 Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .delete() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }
請求的取消:
@Test public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); //測試連接的取消 while (true) { //1分鐘獲取不到結果就取消請求 if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) { call.cancel(); System.out.println("task canceled"); break; } } System.out.println(response.body().string()); }
調用cancel方法進行取消 測試結果:
task canceled cost 9110 msc java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
小結
OkHttp使用build模式創建對象來的更簡潔一些,并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示請求類型,不需要像HttpClient創建HttpGet、HttpPost等這些方法來創建請求類型
依賴包上,如果HttpClient需要發送異步請求、實現文件上傳,需要額外的引入異步請求依賴
<!---文件上傳--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency> <!--異步請求--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency>
請求的取消,HttpClient使用abort方法,OkHttp使用cancel方法,都挺簡單的,如果使用的是異步client,則在拋出異常時調用取消請求的方法即可
超時設置
HttpClient超時設置:
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上,超時設置通過RequestConfig進行設置
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000) .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build(); String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設置超時時間
超時時間是設置在請求類型HttpGet上,而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超時設置:
直接在OkHttp上進行設置
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置連接超時時間 .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置讀取超時時間 .build();
小結:
如果client是單例模式,HttpClient在設置超時方面來的更靈活,針對不同請求類型設置不同的超時時間,OkHttp一旦設置了超時時間,所有請求類型的超時時間也就確定
HttpClient和OkHttp性能比較
測試環境:
CPU 六核
內存 8G
windows10
每種測試用例都測試五次,排除偶然性
client連接為單例:
client連接不為單例:
單例模式下,HttpClient的響應速度要更快一些,單位為毫秒,性能差異相差不大
非單例模式下,OkHttp的性能更好,HttpClient創建連接比較耗時,因為多數情況下這些資源都會寫成單例模式,因此圖一的測試結果更具有參考價值
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp”的內容了,經過本文的學習后,相信大家對怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關知識點的文章,歡迎關注!
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