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這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關JDK中動態代理的示例分析,小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家做個參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。
1.創建一個實現接口InvocationHandler的類,它必須實現invoke方法
2.創建被代理的類以及接口
3.通過Proxy的靜態方法
通過Proxy的靜態方法
ProxyObject proxyObject = new ProxyObject(); InvocationHandler invocationHandler = new DynamicProxy(proxyObject); ClassLoader classLoader = proxyObject.getClass().getClassLoader(); ProxyObjectInterface proxy = (IRoom) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader,new Class[] {ProxyObjectInterface.class},invocationHandler); proxy.execute(); public class DynamicProxy implements InvocationHandler { private Object object; public DynamicProxy(Object object){ this.object = object; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { Object result = method.invoke(object,args); return result; } }
創建一個代理 newProxyInstance
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException { //檢驗h不為空,h為空拋異常 Objects.requireNonNull(h); //接口的類對象拷貝一份 final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); //進行一些安全性檢查 final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager(); if (sm != null) { checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs); } /* * Look up or generate the designated proxy class. * 查詢(在緩存中已經有)或生成指定的代理類的class對象。 */ Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); /* * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler. */ try { if (sm != null) { checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl); } //得到代理類對象的構造函數,這個構造函數的參數由constructorParams指定 //參數constructorParames為常量值: private static final Class<?>[] constructorParams = { InvocationHandler.class }; final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams); final InvocationHandler ih = h; if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) { AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() { public Void run() { cons.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); } //這里生成代理對象,傳入的參數new Object[]{h}后面講 return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h}); } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable t = e.getCause(); if (t instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) t; } else { throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t); } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } }
先對h進行判空處理。
這段代碼核心就是通過getProxyClass0(loader, intfs)得到代理類的Class對象,然后通過Class對象得到構造方法,進而創建代理對象。下一步看getProxyClass0這個方法。從1可知,先接口得到接口類,當接口的數量超過65535,則報異常。
//此方法也是Proxy類下的方法 private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces) { if (interfaces.length > 65535) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded"); } // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy; // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory //意思是:如果代理類被指定的類加載器loader定義了,并實現了給定的接口interfaces, //那么就返回緩存的代理類對象,否則使用ProxyClassFactory創建代理類。 return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); }
proxyClassCache 是一個弱引用的緩存
這里看到proxyClassCache,有Cache便知道是緩存的意思,正好呼應了前面Look up or generate the designated proxy class。查詢(在緩存中已經有)或生成指定的代理類的class對象這段注釋。
在進入get方法之前,我們看下 proxyClassCache是什么?高能預警,前方代碼看起來可能有亂,但我們只需要關注重點即可。
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory()); //K代表key的類型,P代表參數的類型,V代表value的類型。 // WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> proxyClassCache 說明proxyClassCache存的值是Class<?>對象,正是我們需要的代理類對象。 final class WeakCache<K, P, V> { private final ReferenceQueue<K> refQueue = new ReferenceQueue<>(); // the key type is Object for supporting null key private final ConcurrentMap<Object, ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private final ConcurrentMap<Supplier<V>, Boolean> reverseMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private final BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory; private final BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory; public WeakCache(BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory, BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory) { this.subKeyFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory); this.valueFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory); }
其中map變量是實現緩存的核心變量,他是一個雙重的Map結構: (key, sub-key) -> value。其中key是傳進來的Classloader進行包裝后的對象,sub-key是由WeakCache構造函數傳人的KeyFactory()生成的。value就是產生代理類的對象,是由WeakCache構造函數傳人的ProxyClassFactory()生成的。如下,回顧一下:
proxyClassCache是個WeakCache類的對象,調用proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); 可以得到緩存的代理類或創建代理類(沒有緩存的情況)。
說明WeakCache中有get這個方法。先看下WeakCache類的定義(這里先只給出變量的定義和構造函數),繼續看它的get();
//K和P就是WeakCache定義中的泛型,key是類加載器,parameter是接口類數組 public V get(K key, P parameter) { //檢查parameter不為空 Objects.requireNonNull(parameter); //清除無效的緩存 expungeStaleEntries(); // cacheKey就是(key, sub-key) -> value里的一級key, Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue); // lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey //根據一級key得到 ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>對象。如果之前不存在,則新建一個ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>和cacheKey(一級key)一起放到map中。 ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey); if (valuesMap == null) { ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap = map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>()); if (oldValuesMap != null) { valuesMap = oldValuesMap; } } // create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that // subKey from valuesMap //這部分就是調用生成sub-key的代碼,上面我們已經看過怎么生成的了 Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)); //通過sub-key得到supplier Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); //supplier實際上就是這個factory Factory factory = null; while (true) { //如果緩存里有supplier ,那就直接通過get方法,得到代理類對象,返回,就結束了,一會兒分析get方法。 if (supplier != null) { // supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance V value = supplier.get(); if (value != null) { return value; } } // else no supplier in cache // or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue // or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue) // lazily construct a Factory //下面的所有代碼目的就是:如果緩存中沒有supplier,則創建一個Factory對象,把factory對象在多線程的環境下安全的賦給supplier。 //因為是在while(true)中,賦值成功后又回到上面去調get方法,返回才結束。 if (factory == null) { factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap); } if (supplier == null) { supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory); if (supplier == null) { // successfully installed Factory supplier = factory; } // else retry with winning supplier } else { if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) { // successfully replaced // cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory // with our Factory supplier = factory; } else { // retry with current supplier supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); } } } }
所以接下來我們看Factory類中的get方法。接下來看supplier的get()
public synchronized V get() { // serialize access // re-check Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); //重新檢查得到的supplier是不是當前對象 if (supplier != this) { // something changed while we were waiting: // might be that we were replaced by a CacheValue // or were removed because of failure -> // return null to signal WeakCache.get() to retry // the loop return null; } // else still us (supplier == this) // create new value V value = null; try { //代理類就是在這個位置調用valueFactory生成的 //valueFactory就是我們傳入的 new ProxyClassFactory() //一會我們分析ProxyClassFactory()的apply方法 value = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory.apply(key, parameter)); } finally { if (value == null) { // remove us on failure valuesMap.remove(subKey, this); } } // the only path to reach here is with non-null value assert value != null; // wrap value with CacheValue (WeakReference) //把value包裝成弱引用 CacheValue<V> cacheValue = new CacheValue<>(value); // put into reverseMap // reverseMap是用來實現緩存的有效性 reverseMap.put(cacheValue, Boolean.TRUE); // try replacing us with CacheValue (this should always succeed) if (!valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)) { throw new AssertionError("Should not reach here"); } // successfully replaced us with new CacheValue -> return the value // wrapped by it return value; } }
撥云見日,來到ProxyClassFactory的apply方法,代理類就是在這里生成的。
首先看proxyClassCache的定義WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>,泛型里面第一個表示加載器K,第二個表示接口類P,第三個則是生成的代理類V。而V的生成則是通過ProxyClassFactory生成的。調用其apply();
//這里的BiFunction<T, U, R>是個函數式接口,可以理解為用T,U兩種類型做參數,得到R類型的返回值 private static final class ProxyClassFactory implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> { // prefix for all proxy class names //所有代理類名字的前綴 private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy"; // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names //用于生成代理類名字的計數器 private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong(); @Override public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) { Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length); //驗證代理接口,可不看 for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { /* * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this * interface to the same Class object. */ Class<?> interfaceClass = null; try { interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { } if (interfaceClass != intf) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( intf + " is not visible from class loader"); } /* * Verify that the Class object actually represents an * interface. */ if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface"); } /* * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate. */ if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName()); } } //生成的代理類的包名 String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in //代理類訪問控制符: public ,final int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL; /* * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the * proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package. */ //驗證所有非公共的接口在同一個包內;公共的就無需處理 //生成包名和類名的邏輯,包名默認是com.sun.proxy, // 類名默認是$Proxy 加上一個自增的整數值 //如果被代理類是 non-public proxy interface ,則用和被代理類接口一樣的包名 for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { int flags = intf.getModifiers(); if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) { accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL; String name = intf.getName(); int n = name.lastIndexOf('.'); String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1)); if (proxyPkg == null) { proxyPkg = pkg; } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces from different packages"); } } } if (proxyPkg == null) { // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + "."; } /* * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate. */ long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement(); //代理類的完全限定名,如com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0.calss String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num; /* * Generate the specified proxy class. */ //核心部分,生成代理類的字節碼 byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags); try { //把代理類加載到JVM中,至此動態代理過程基本結束了 return defineClass0(loader, proxyName, proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length); } catch (ClassFormatError e) { /* * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the * proxy class generation code) there was some other * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations * exceeded). */ throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString()); } } }
然后調用getMethod(),將equals(),hashcode(),toString()等方法添加進去。然后遍歷所有接口的方法,添加到代理類中。最后將這些方法進行排序。
private static List<Method> getMethods(Class<?>[] interfaces) { List<Method> result = new ArrayList<Method>(); try { result.add(Object.class.getMethod("equals", Object.class)); result.add(Object.class.getMethod("hashCode", EmptyArray.CLASS)); result.add(Object.class.getMethod("toString", EmptyArray.CLASS)); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new AssertionError(); } getMethodsRecursive(interfaces, result); return result; } private static void getMethodsRecursive(Class<?>[] interfaces, List<Method> methods) { for (Class<?> i : interfaces) { getMethodsRecursive(i.getInterfaces(), methods); Collections.addAll(methods, i.getDeclaredMethods()); } }
最后輸出相關proxy class
package com.zhb.jdk.proxy; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; import com.zhb.jdk.dynamicProxy.HelloworldImpl; import sun.misc.ProxyGenerator; /** * @author ZHB * @date 2018年8月31日下午11:35:07 * @todo TODO */ public class DynamicProxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { IUserService target = new UserServiceImpl(); MyInvocationHandler handler = new MyInvocationHandler(target); //第一個參數是指定代理類的類加載器(我們傳入當前測試類的類加載器) //第二個參數是代理類需要實現的接口(我們傳入被代理類實現的接口,這樣生成的代理類和被代理類就實現了相同的接口) //第三個參數是invocation handler,用來處理方法的調用。這里傳入我們自己實現的handler IUserService proxyObject = (IUserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(DynamicProxyTest.class.getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler); proxyObject.add("陳粒"); String path = "D:/$Proxy0.class"; byte[] classFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("$Proxy0", HelloworldImpl.class.getInterfaces()); FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream(path); out.write(classFile); out.flush(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } // Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8e2. Copyright 2001 Pavel Kouznetsov. // Jad home page: http://kpdus.tripod.com/jad.html // Decompiler options: packimports(3) fieldsfirst ansi space import com.zhb.jdk.proxy.IUserService; import java.lang.reflect.*; public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements IUserService { private static Method m1; private static Method m2; private static Method m3; private static Method m0; //代理類的構造函數,其參數正是是InvocationHandler實例, //Proxy.newInstance方法就是通過通過這個構造函數來創建代理實例的 public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler invocationhandler) { super(invocationhandler); } // Object類中的三個方法,equals,toString, hashCode public final boolean equals(Object obj) { try { return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { obj })).booleanValue(); } catch (Error ) { } catch (Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } public final String toString() { try { return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, null); } catch (Error ) { } catch (Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } //接口代理方法 public final void add(String s) { try { // invocation handler的 invoke方法在這里被調用 super.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { s }); return; } catch (Error ) { } catch (Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } public final int hashCode() { try { // 在這里調用了invoke方法。 return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue(); } catch (Error ) { } catch (Throwable throwable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable); } } // 靜態代碼塊對變量進行一些初始化工作 static { try { m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") }); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]); m3 = Class.forName("com.zhb.jdk.proxy.IUserService").getMethod("add", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") }); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]); } catch (NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception) { throw new NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception) { throw new NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage()); } } }
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